Potential for ORC application in the Portuguese manufacturing industry

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais

Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of urinary schistosomiasis in Brazilians after staying in Mozambique

We examined 87 Brazilian individuals of a group of 132 that, on July and November 1994, participated in a peace mission in Mozambique. They served in an endemic area for haematobic schistosomiasis, where they swum in Licungo river during leisure time. Their arithmetic mean age was 31 year and all of them were male. Their urine test showed that 30 (34.5%) eliminated S. haematobium eggs and 55 (63.2%) presented positive serology by the enzime-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test with purified microsomal antigen of S. haematobium adult worms. Eosinophilia was found in 30 (34.5%), haematuria in 26 (29.9%), dysuria in 32 (36.8%) and lombar pain in 36 (41.4%). All of those that eliminated eggs through urine had positive serology. Among the 25 patients with positive serology and without S. haematobium eggs in the urine test, 13 were symptomatic and 12 assymptomatic. The treatment with praziquantel for the 30 patients, with urine positive to S. haematobium eggs, presented 70% of parasitological cure.

Contribuição para o estudo das parasitoses em Portugal: Helmintas intestinais em crianças escolares do concelho de Palmela

Nos últimos anos, os trabalhos desenvolvidos na área da epidemiologia parasitária em Portugal são escassos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das helmintoses intestinais presentes em crianças escolares, em Portugal e relacionar a situação parasitária de cada indivíduo com os resultados dos inquéritos sobre comportamentos e condições de vida. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico em duas escolas do Concelho de Palmela, abrangendo um universo de 223 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 12 anos, das quais 121 pertenciam ao sexo feminino e 102 ao sexo masculino. As escolas em estudo estão localizadas numa zona urbana (Escola de Palmela) com um total de 130 alunos e numa zona peri-urbana (Escola do Bairro Alentejano) com um total de 132. Para a pesquisa de ovos de parasitas intestinais nas amostras de fezes foram utilizados dois métodos: a técnica de Willis e o kit comercial - Easy-Copros, concentrador para parasitas intestinais. Todas as amostras do presente estudo foram negativas. A comparação dos resultados por nós obtidos com os relatados em publicações anteriores leva-nos a concluir que nos últimos anos tem ocorrido uma diminuição dos helmintas intestinais. Este facto, de acordo com os nossos dados, estará relacionado com uma melhoria das condições socioeconómicas das populações, uma rede de infra-estruturas de saneamento básico abrangente em parceria com os projectos desenvolvidos pelos Centros de Saúde, no âmbito da Saúde Escolar.

Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a comparison between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and risk factors for rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide hepatotoxicity were evaluated in HIV-infected subjects and controls. METHODS: Patients with tuberculosis (30 HIV positive and 132 HIV negative), aged between 18 and 80 years-old, admitted to hospital in Brazil, from 2005 to 2007, were selected for this investigation. Three definitions of hepatotoxicity were used: I) a 3-fold increase in the lower limit of normal for alanine-aminotransferase (ALT); II) a 3-fold increase in the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ALT, and III) a 3-fold increase in the ULN for ALT plus a 2-fold increase in the ULN of total bilirubin. RESULTS: In groups with and without HIV infection the frequency of hepatotoxicity I was 77% and 46%, respectively (p < 0.01). Using hepatotoxicity II and III definitions no difference was observed in the occurrence of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Of the 17 patients with hepatotoxicity by definition III, 3 presented no side effects and treatment was well tolerated. In 8 (36.4%) out of 22, symptoms emerged and treatment was suspended. Alcohol abuse was related to hepatotoxicity only for definition I. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the definition of drug-induced hepatitis, HIV infection may or may not be associated with hepatotoxicity. The impact that minor alterations in the definition had on the results was impressive. No death was related to drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The emergence of new symptoms after initiating antituberculosis therapy could not be attributed to hepatotoxicity in over one third of the cases.

O regime profissional do pessoal paramédico constante do Decreto-Lei nº 320/99 e a Constituição Portuguesa

In, O Direito, ano 132º, Lisboa, (Julho-Dezembro)de 2000, III-IV

Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis cases in the rural areas of Pernambuco, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections and schistosomiasis remain high in the rural areas of Zona da Mata, Pernambuco (ZMP), Brazil, where these parasites still represent a significant public health problem. The present study aimed to spatially assess the occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP. METHODS: The ZMP has a population of 1,132,544 inhabitants, formed by 43 municipalities. An ecological study was conducted, using secondary data relating to positive human cases and parasite loads of schistosomiasis and positive human cases of geohelminthiasis that were worked up in Excel 2007. We used the coordinates of the municipal headquarters to represent the cities which served as the unit of analysis of this study. The Kernel estimator was used to spatially analyze the data and identify distribution patterns and case densities, with analysis done in ArcGIS software. RESULTS: Spatial analysis from the Kernel intensity estimator made it possible to construct density maps showing that the northern ZMP was the region with the greatest number of children infected with parasites and the populations most intensely infected by Schistosoma mansoni. In relation to geohelminths, there was higher spatial distribution of cases of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in the southern ZMP, and greater occurrence of hookworms in the northern/central ZMP. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several surveys and studies showing occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP, no preventive measures that are known to have been effective in decreasing these health hazards have yet been implemented in the endemic area.

Sperm tail flexibility test: a simple test for selecting viable spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection from semen samples without motile spermatozoa

PURPOSE: The objective was to describe the results of the injection of immotile spermatozoa with flexible tails when only immotile spermatozoa are present in the semen sample. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the procedure results for 10 couples who participated in our intracytoplasmic sperm injection program. The sperm tail was considered flexible when it moved up and down independently of the head movement, and it was considered inflexible when the movement occurred together (tail plus head). The fertilization and pregnancy rate were analyzed. RESULTS: The normal fertilization rate (presence of 2 pronuclei) was 30.3% (40/132), and the abnormal fertilization rate (presence of less than or more than 2 pronuclei) was 6.81% (9/132). A total of 52 embryos were obtained with 9 transfer procedures performed (pregnancy rate: 11.12%). CONCLUSIONS: The sperm tail flexibility test (STFT) is an easy and cost-effective way for selecting viable immotile spermatozoa and can be used as an alternative method for determining the viability of spermatozoa. This test seems to be a simple and risk-free method when compared to the swelling test.

Políticas, eventos e turismo de experiência

Partindo do princí­pio de que no turismo, tal como em outras actividades económicas, a economia de serviços virão a ser substituída pela economia da experiência, os eventos vão assumir, cada vez mais, um papel preponderante. Este capítulo propõe uma visão inovadora  sobre a atividade turística no destino de Gramado (Brasil), especialmente no que se relaciona a principal atraso, o Natal Luz. Para tanto, detalha-se as fases de desenvolvimento turí­stico deste destino com base na aplicação do Modelo de Entrelaçamento. Trata-se de um modelo conceitual que possibilita analisar a influência dos eventos e da aplicação do conceito de turismo de experiência na construção das polí­ticas públicas dos destinos turísticos, através da análise dos ciclos de desenvolvimento dos eventos no destino. Com a aplicação a Gramado, confirmou-se que o modelo de Entrelaçamento Á uma ferramenta estratégica de análise do percurso de desenvolvimento da actividade turí­stica de um destino que tenha como vocação principal a promoção de eventos e espectáculos. Como resultado da pesquisa, observa-se a importância assumida pelo turismo, em especial do atrativo Natal, para o desenvolvimento do destino pesquisado, traduzida nas polí­ticas públicas instituí­das no destino e na inter-relação estabelecida entre os diferentes atores para a consolidação da marca à Natal.

O impacto dos blogs de moda no relacionamento com marcas de consumo simbólico

Dissertação de mestrado em Marketing e Estratégia

Os grupos populares nas cidades medievais portuguesas: problematização e inserção no espaço urbano

O objetivo deste estudo visa caracterizar as diferentes categorias sociais que compõem os grupos populares nas cidades medievais portuguesas dos séculos XIV e XV, bem como proceder a uma análise reflexiva acerca do papel destes grupos no desenvolvimento e caracterização do espaço urbano.

Modification of microfiltration membranes by hydrogel impregnation for pDNA purification

The huge efforts for the achievement of highly purified biomolecules are growing every day. A great number of efficient techniques, such as chromatography, are already available in laboratory for separation processes. However, membrane-based technologies are the best match to assure simplicity, efficiency and easy scale-up procedures. Herein we report the modification of a commercial microfiltration membrane for plasmid DNA purification by agarose gel impregnation. The membrane was characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, EDS, contact angle, and porosity measurements. Additionally, the membrane pore radius was estimated from observed rejections of different proteins and with that information the rejection of a 6050 bp plasmid DNA (pDNA) molecule was estimated for different values of flux using a theoretical model of large flexible molecules in membranes with parallel cylindrical pores, which is applicable to pDNA ultrafiltration in conventional membranes, as recently shown in the literature. The experimental results show that the modified membrane has higher pDNA rejections than the predicted by the model, suggesting that the different type of porous structure that a hydrogel has, may have a positive effect on pDNA rejections as compared to other biomolecules with more rigid structures, making this type of modified membranes potential better candidates to be used for the selective recovery of pDNA in this type of bioprocesses.

Outcrossing rate of Couratari multiflora (J.Smith) Eyma (Lecythidaceae), a low-density tropical tree species from a central Amazonian rainforest

A multilocus mixed-mating model was used to evaluate the mating system of a population of Couratari multiflora, an emergent tree species found in low densities (1 individual/10 ha) in lowland forests of central Amazonia. We surveyed and observed phenologically 41 trees in an area of 400 ha. From these, only four mother trees were analyzed here because few of them set fruits, which also suffered high predation. No difference was observed between the population multilocus outcrossing rate (t mp = 0.953 ± 0.040) and the average single locus rate (t sp = 0.968 ± 0.132). The four mother trees were highly outcrossed (t m ~ 1). Two out of five loci showed departures from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) expectations, and the same results occurred with the mixed-mating model. Besides the low number of trees analyzed, the proportion of loci in HWE suggests random mating in the population. However, the pollen pool was heterogeneous among families, probably due to both the small sample number and the flowering of trees at different times of the flowering season. Reproductive phenology of the population and the results presented here suggest, at least for part of the population, a long-distance pollen movement, around 1,000 m.

Competição assimétrica e o incremento diamétrico de árvores individuais de Cedrela odorata L. na Amazônia ocidental

Um modelo de crescimento dependente e independente da distância foi ajustado para avaliar como variáveis de competição explicam a variação do crescimento periódico em diâmetro de 132 árvores de cedro (Cedrela odorata). Utilizando a abordagem de crescimento potencial relativo (PRI), estimou-se o incremento relativo em diâmetro (IRd) a partir do produto do crescimento máximo em diâmetro (incremento potencial) e da função modificada (porção do crescimento reduzido). A significância do modelo do crescimento reduzido ajustado demonstrou influência da competição assimétrica sobre o crescimento em diâmetro, explicando 71% do total da variação e também revelou que a resposta à competição não foi constante, mas variou entre as diferentes classes de tamanho dos indivíduos arbóreos.

PEGylated ofloxacin nanoparticles render strong antibacterial activity against many clinically important human pathogens.

The rise of bacterial resistance against important drugs threatens their clinical utility. Fluoroquinones, one of the most important classes of contemporary antibiotics has also reported to suffer bacterial resistance. Since the general mechanism of bacterial resistance against fluoroquinone antibiotics (e.g. ofloxacin) consists of target mutations resulting in reduced membrane permeability and increased efflux by the bacteria, strategies that could increase bacterial uptake and reduce efflux of the drug would provide effective treatment. In the present study, we have compared the efficiencies of ofloxacin delivered in the form of free drug (OFX) and as nanoparticles on bacterial uptake and antibacterial activity. Although both poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (OFX-PLGA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (OFX-mPEG-PLGA) nanoformulations presented improved bacterial uptake and antibacterial activity against all the tested human bacterial pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, OFX-mPEG-PLGA showed significantly higher bacterial uptake and antibacterial activity compared to OFX-PLGA. We have also found that mPEG-PLGA nanoencapsulation could significantly inhibit Bacillus subtilis resistance development against OFX.

Supercritical fluid and pharmaceutical applications. Part I: Process classification

The supercritical fluid technology has been target of many pharmaceuticals investigations in particles production for almost 35 years. This is due to the great advantages it offers over others technologies currently used for the same purpose. A brief history is presented, as well the classification of supercritical technology based on the role that the supercritical fluid (carbon dioxide) performs in the process.