Construyendo nuevas miradas pedagógicas en pos de la accesibilidad académica en la universidad

Durante el primer cuatrimestre del año 2012 la asignatura Patrimonio Natural Regional de la carrera Tecnicatura de Empresas de Servicios Turísticos — Facultad de Turismo — Universidad Nacional del Comahue; contó con la presencia de un estudiante en situación de discapacidad (motora). A partir de la iniciativa de los docentes de la asignatura, se solicita apoyo institucional y se toma contacto con la Comisión Universitaria sobre Accesibilidad al Medio Físico y Social, para consensuar estrategias a implementar en la evaluación parcial del alumno en situación de discapacidad en relación al resto del curso. Este trabajo tiene por objetivos: reflexionar acerca de la evaluación parcial con estudiantes en situación de discapacidad y proponer cambios en la evaluación parcial de la asignatura Patrimonio Natural Regional en relación a estudiantes en situación de discapacidad motora. La metodología usada por el equipo de cátedra fue de un estudio de diseño para las asignaturas del área de concurso Recursos Naturales, contextualizado para el estudiante en situación de discapacidad con el asesoramiento de la comisión sobre accesibilidad y también de la comunicación con el alumno. Algunas conclusiones a las que se arribó tienen relación con los ejes 1. Necesidad de evaluaciones con nuevas estrategias pedagógicas contextuales particulares; 2.Necesidad de un acompañamiento institucional ante la presencia de estudiantes en situación de discapacidad en las aulas.

La estimulación multisensorial en la atención odontológica de bebés y niños con discapacidad

El objetivo es mostrar las ventajas de trabajar en forma interdisciplinaria haciendo intervención odontológica temprana en bebés discapacitados, utilizando una sala Multisensorial. El alto índice de enfermedades bucodentales que se observa en la población infantil con discapacidad obliga a intervenir en forma preventiva, en edades cada vez más tempranas. Considerando lo intrusivo e invasivo del tratamiento odontológico y lo complejo que es establecer un vínculo con el paciente discapacitado, es que se buscan formas alternativas de lograr crear el vínculo odontólogo-paciente. Los aromas, sonidos, colores, tacto son puertas que todos tenemos abiertas y por las que recibimos lo que sabemos del mundo. La sala multisensorial permite que quienes tienen cerradas esas puertas, encuentren un resquicio por el que les entre una fracción del mundo y eso hace que se encuentren a ellos mismos con su cuerpo y con su terapeuta. Allí es donde interviene el odontólogo que se dedica a la atención de per- sonas especiales, aquél que le muestra al niño discapacitado el mundo de la odontología, que no va a ser la convencional, sino adaptada para ese niño y su discapacidad.

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Construcción y funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada : La correspondencia de Juan Manuel de Rosas con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense (1829-1852)

En este artículo, nos proponemos analizar la construcción y el funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada, la de Juan Manuel de Rosas, durante el período de su primer (1829-1832) y segundo gobierno (1835-1852), a través de la correspondencia que mantuvo con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense a través de sus edecanes. Esto nos pone, fundamentalmente, en contacto con el tema de la comunicación, la circulación de la información y la construcción de un espacio de relación política.

Construcción y funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada : La correspondencia de Juan Manuel de Rosas con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense (1829-1852)

En este artículo, nos proponemos analizar la construcción y el funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada, la de Juan Manuel de Rosas, durante el período de su primer (1829-1832) y segundo gobierno (1835-1852), a través de la correspondencia que mantuvo con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense a través de sus edecanes. Esto nos pone, fundamentalmente, en contacto con el tema de la comunicación, la circulación de la información y la construcción de un espacio de relación política.

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Construcción y funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada : La correspondencia de Juan Manuel de Rosas con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense (1829-1852)

En este artículo, nos proponemos analizar la construcción y el funcionamiento de una red de poder ego-centrada, la de Juan Manuel de Rosas, durante el período de su primer (1829-1832) y segundo gobierno (1835-1852), a través de la correspondencia que mantuvo con los jueces de paz de la campaña bonaerense a través de sus edecanes. Esto nos pone, fundamentalmente, en contacto con el tema de la comunicación, la circulación de la información y la construcción de un espacio de relación política.

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Politics of the 1945 Constitution:Democratization and Its Impact on Political Institutions in Indonesia

Introduction : Before 1998, no one could think about the amendment of the 1945 Constitution. The 1945 Constitution was a product of nationalist who had hard fought for independence from the Dutch colonization. This historical background made it the symbol of independence of the Indonesian nation. Thus, it has been considered as forbidden to touch contents of the 1945 Constitution whereas political leaders have legitimized their authoritarian rulership by utilizing a symbolic character of the Constitution. With the largest political turmoil since its independence, that is, a breakdown of authoritarian regime and democratic transformation in 1998-1999, however, a myth of the "sacred and inviolable" constitution has disappeared. A new theme has then aroused: how can the 1945 Constitution be adapted for a new democratic regime in Indonesia? 　　　The Indonesian modern state has applied the 1945 Constitution as the basic law since its independence in 1945, except for around 10 years in the 1950s. In the period of independence struggle, contrary to the constitutional provision that a kind of presidential system is employed, a cabinet responsible for the Central National Committee was installed. Politics under this institution was in practice a parliamentary system of government. After the Dutch transferred sovereignty to Indonesia in 1949, West European constitutionalism and party politics under a parliamentary system was fully adopted with the introduction of two new constitutions: the 1949 Constitution of Federal Republic of Indonesia and the 1950 Provisional Constitution of Republic of Indonesia. Since a return from the 1950 Constitution to the 1945 Constitution was decided with the Presidential Decree in 1959, the 1945 Constitution had supported two authoritarian regimes of Soekarno's "Guided Democracy" and Soeharto's "New Order" as a legal base. When the 32-year Soeharto's government fell down and democratization started in 1998, the 1945 Constitution was not replaced with a new one, as seen in many other democratizing countries, but successively reformed to adapt itself to a new democratic regime. In the result of four constitutional amendments in 1999-2002, political institutions in Indonesia are experiencing a transformation from an authoritative structure, in which the executive branch monopolized power along with incompetent legislative and judicial branches, to a modern democratic structure, in which the legislative branch can maintain predominance over the executive. However, as observed that President Abdurrahman Wahid, the first president ever elected democratically in Indonesian history, was impeached after one and a half years in office, democratic politics under a new political institution has never been stable. 　　　Under the 1945 Constitution, how did authoritarian regimes maintain stability? Why can a democratic regime not achieve its stability? What did the two constitutional amendments in the process of democratization change? In the first place, how did the political institutions stipulated by the 1945 Constitution come out? Through answering the above questions, this chapter intends to survey the historical continuity and change of political institutions in Indonesia along with the 1945 Constitutions and to analyze impact of regime transformation on political institutions. First, we examine political institutions stipulated by the original 1945 Constitution as well as historical and philosophical origins of the constitution. Second, we search constitutional foundations in the 1945 Constitution that made it possible for Soekarno and Soeharto to establish and maintain authoritarian regimes. Third, we examine contents of constitutional amendments in the process of democratization since 1998. Fourth, we analyze new political dynamics caused by constitutional changes, looking at the impeachment process of President Abdurrahman Wahid. Finally, we consider tasks faced by Indonesia that seeks to establish a stable democracy.

Chapter 2 On the usage of the measurements of geographical concentration and specialization with areal data

Measures have been developed to understand tendencies in the distribution of economic activity. The merits of these measures are in the convenience of data collection and processing. In this interim report, investigating the property of such measures to determine the geographical spread of economic activities, we summarize the merits and limitations of measures, and make clear that we must apply caution in their usage. As a first trial to access areal data, this project focus on administrative areas, not on point data and input-output data. Firm level data is not within the scope of this article. The rest of this article is organized as follows. In Section 2, we touch on the the limitations and problems associated with the measures and areal data. Specific measures are introduced in Section 3, and applied in Section 4. The conclusion summarizes the findings and discusses future work.

Un tutorial sobre blogs. El abecé del universo blog

Esta exposición pretende ser una introducción al estudio de un amplio, complejo y dinámico conjunto de nociones, técnicas y prácticas sociales, que gira en torno a la blogosfera, “un vigoroso subespacio de comunicación en Internet”, tal como lo denomina Sáez Vacas en esta misma revista. El objetivo no es tanto ser exhaustivo en el tratamiento, como dar a conocer al lector los distintos conceptos y fenómenos involucrados en la génesis de este peculiar universo, cuyo origen podemos situar en un metafórico Blog Bang. Hablaremos de los blogs (weblogs o bitácoras), su origen, caracterización, clasificación y cuantificación, de la tecnología que los rodea y de conceptos relacionados, tales como los wikis, el socialware, la blogocultura y la web semántica. This essay is designed as an introduction to the study of a broad, complex and dynamic set of notions, techniques and social practices revolving around the blogosphere –“an intense communication subspace on the Internet”, as defined by Saéz Vacas in this magazine. The aim of this article is not to exhaustively cover the topic, but rather, to introduce the reader to the different concepts and phenomena involved in the genesis of this peculiar universe, whose origin lies in the metaphoric Blog Bang. We will touch on blogs (weblogs and bitcores), their origin, nature, classification and quantification, the technology that surrounds them, and other related concepts like wikis, socialware, blogculture and web semantics.

Enhancing Interaction With Smart Objects Throught Mobile Devices

Interaction with smart objects can be accomplished with different technologies, such as tangible interfaces or touch computing, among others. Some of them require the object to be especially designed to be 'smart', and some other are limited in the variety and complexity of the possible actions. This paper describes a user-smart object interaction model and prototype based on the well known event-condition-action (ECA) reasoning, which can work, to a degree, independently of the intelligence embedded into the smart object. It has been designed for mobile devices to act as mediators between users and smart objects and provides an intuitive means for personalization of object's behavior. When the user is close to an object, this one publishes its 'event & action' capabilities to the user's device. The user may accept the object's module offering, which will enable him to configure and control that object, but also its actions with respect to other elements of the environment or the virtual world. The modular ECA interaction model facilitates the integration of different types of objects in a smart space, giving the user full control of their capabilities and facilitating creative mash-uping to build customized functionalities that combine physical and virtual actions

Learning curves of basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills in SINERGIA VR simulator

Purpose: Surgical simulators are currently essential within any laparoscopic training program because they provide a low-stakes, reproducible and reliable environment to acquire basic skills. The purpose of this study is to determine the training learning curve based on different metrics corresponding to five tasks included in SINERGIA laparoscopic virtual reality simulator. Methods: Thirty medical students without surgical experience participated in the study. Five tasks of SINERGIA were included: Coordination, Navigation, Navigation and touch, Accurate grasping and Coordinated pulling. Each participant was trained in SINERGIA. This training consisted of eight sessions (R1–R8) of the five mentioned tasks and was carried out in two consecutive days with four sessions per day. A statistical analysis was made, and the results of R1, R4 and R8 were pair-wise compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance is considered at P value <0.005. Results: In total, 84.38% of the metrics provided by SINERGIA and included in this study show significant differences when comparing R1 and R8. Metrics are mostly improved in the first session of training (75.00% when R1 and R4 are compared vs. 37.50% when R4 and R8 are compared). In tasks Coordination and Navigation and touch, all metrics are improved. On the other hand, Navigation just improves 60% of the analyzed metrics. Most learning curves show an improvement with better results in the fulfillment of the different tasks. Conclusions: Learning curves of metrics that assess the basic psychomotor laparoscopic skills acquired in SINERGIA virtual reality simulator show a faster learning rate during the first part of the training. Nevertheless, eight repetitions of the tasks are not enough to acquire all psychomotor skills that can be trained in SINERGIA. Therefore, and based on these results together with previous works, SINERGIA could be used as training tool with a properly designed training program.

An attitude-based reasoning strategy to enhance interaction with augmented objects

This paper describes a mobile-based system to interact with objects in smart spaces, where the offer of resources may be extensive. The underlying idea is to use the augmentation capabilities of the mobile device to enable it as user-object mediator. In particular, the paper details how to build an attitude-based reasoning strategy that facilitates user-object interaction and resource filtering. The strategy prioritizes the available resources depending on the spatial history of the user, his real-time location and orientation and, finally, his active touch and focus interactions with the virtual overlay. The proposed reasoning method has been partially validated through a prototype that handles 2D and 3D visualization interfaces. This framework makes possible to develop in practice the IoT paradigm, augmenting the objects without physically modifying them.

Ensayos de laboratorio para la medida de la tasa de absorción específica (SAR) en dispositivos móviles

El proyecto trata del estudio de la tasa de absorción específica (SAR). En él se estudia la SAR que desprenden distintos dispositivos de comunicaciones inalámbricos. Se ha llevado a cabo en las instalaciones de la SETSI, en el laboratorio de radiofrecuencia situado en El Casar, Guadalajara, que pertenece al Ministerio de Industria Comercio y Turismo. La SAR es una relación entre la energía electromagnética acumulada en una masa de un material o tejido concreto. Por tanto, lo primero es definir la SAR, en la que se exponen sus parámetros. Además, se recogen los límites de exposición fijados por las normas internacionales IEC 62209-1 e IEC 62209-2 en relación a SAR. Posteriormente, acorde con las normas, se realiza una definición detallada de un banco de medidas de SAR, en donde se explica cada uno de los componentes del banco de manera detallada así como los sistemas que intervienen previamente a la realización de la medida, tipos de los sistemas para realizar las verificaciones pertinentes, y también las incertidumbres de ciertos parámetros. También se realiza un proceso completo de medida de SAR en el laboratorio de la SETSI, donde se realizan las comprobaciones necesarias para la realización de una serie de medidas sobre dispositivos de comunicaciones móviles. Éstas medidas se realizan primero sobre un teléfono móvil en las frecuencias de GSM, UMTS y WIFI, en las configuraciones estipuladas por la norma; “tocando” e “inclinada 15°” comparando los valores obtenidos con los límites marcados por las normas internacionales. Por último, en este apartado se realizan ciertas medidas con otras configuraciones que no están recogidas en la norma para intentar obtener los máximos valores de SAR posibles. Después se realiza una comparación entre dos dispositivos tipo “tablet”, para ello se realizan medidas en la banda de WIFI y se comentan los resultados obtenidos, relacionado con el diseño de cada uno de ellos. Posteriormente se realiza un presupuesto de un banco de SAR, donde se detallan todos los componentes que intervienen en la realización de las medidas de SAR, pero no se incluyen en él, los costes de mantenimiento o los costes relacionados con su uso. Por último se explican las conclusiones finales desprendidas de la realización de este proyecto de fin de carrera así como la bibliografía utilizada. ABTRACT This project consists on the study of the specific absorption rate (SAR).It studies the different SAR of several wireless communications devices. It has been held in SETSI’S facilities, in its radio frecuency laboratory located in El Casar, Guadalajara, which belongs to the Ministy of Industry, Trade and Tourism. The SAR is a ratio between the electromagnetic energy accumulated in a mass of concrete material or tissue. Therefore, the SAR is defined first, which sets its parameters. Also lists the exposure limits set by international standards IEC 62209-1 and IEC 62209-2 regarding SAR. Subsequently, according to the guidelines, performing a detailed definition of a SAR measures bench, which explains each of the components in detail of the bench and involved systems prior to the realization of the extent and types of systems to perform the necessary checks, and certain parameters uncertainties. Also performed a complete process for SAR in the SETSI laboratory, located in El Casar, Guadalajara, where the necessary checks are made to carry out a serie of measures on mobile communications devices. These will be carried out first on a mobile phone at frequencies of GSM, UMTS and WiFi, in the configurations set by the standard, "touch" and "tilt 15 °" comparing the values obtained with the limits set by international standards. Finally, this section will perform certain actions with other configurations that are not included in the standard to try to get the maximum possible SAR values. Then a comparison is made between two devices, such as "tablet", this will make measurements in the band WIFI and discussed the results, related to the design of each. Subsequently, a budget of a SAR bench, detailing all components involved in SAR measures, but not included in it, maintenance costs or the costs associated with its use. Finally conclusions are explained detached from the realization of this project as well as the bibliography used on it.