Transfusões sanguíneas em cães e gatos: indicações e reações transfusionais

O presente relatório teve como base o estágio curricular no Hospital Veterinário Central, sob a orientação da Professora Cristina Queiroga, e coorientação do Dr. Nuno Paixão. Na primeira parte deste documento são relatadas as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio curricular, abrangendo várias áreas de especialidade clínica, em medicina de animais de companhia. A segunda parte do documento consiste numa revisão bibliográfica sobre transfusões sanguíneas, onde são abordados vários pontos, seguida da apresentação e discussão de um estudo sobre as transfusões sanguíneas realizadas no Hospital Veterinário Central, no período de 1 de janeiro de 2012 a 28 de fevereiro de 2013. O estudo tem como objetivos a avaliação da variação do hematócrito, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, coloração das mucosas, temperatura retal, pressões sanguíneas e atitude, em intervalos de tempo estipulados. Outro objetivo do presente estudo, é determinar a prevalência de reações transfusionais adversas e a taxa de sobrevivência dos animais submetidos a transfusão, e avaliar, através de testes estatísticos, se existe associação entre as várias variáveis em estudo; ### ABSTRACT: Blood transfusions in dogs and cats: indications and transfusion reactions This report is based on the internship accomplished in Hospital Veterinário Central, under the orientation of Dr. Cristina Queiroga and co-orientation of Dr. Nuno Paixão. The first part of this report describes the activities undertaken during a traineeship in several areas of clinical specialty, in small animal medicine. The second part of this document consists of a literature review on blood transfusions, which addresses several points, followed by a presentation and discussion of a study of blood transfusions performed at Hospital Veterinário Central, during the period of 1 January 2012 and 28 February 2013. The study aims at assessing the changes in hematocrit, heart and respiratory rate, mucous membrane coloration, retal temperature, blood pressures and attitude, at prescribed time intervals. Another objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of adverse transfusion reactions and the survival rate of animals subjected to transfusion, and evaluate, through statistical tests, whether an association exists between the different variables under study.

Os impactos pessoais , sociais e profissionais do processo de reconhecimento validação e certificação de competências, no percurso de vida dos indivíduos, do Concelho de Santiago do Cacém (Periodo de 2000-2005)

A presente dissertação insere-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação, na especialização de Gestão e Administração Educacional, tendo como base a concretização do projecto de investigação denominado “As Novas Núpcias da Qualificação no Alentejo”, promovido pelo Centro de Investigação em Educação e Psicologia da Universidade de Évora. O objecto da investigação centra-se na análise dos impactos sociais e profissionais do processo de RVCC (Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências) nos indivíduos certificados, no período de 2000-2005, no Concelho de Santiago do Cacém. A investigação, de natureza descritiva, assume uma base metodológica quantitativa e recorreu à aplicação de um questionário a toda a população em estudo. O resultado obtido permite-nos concluir que o PRVCC produz efeitos positivos no percurso de vida dos indivíduos, tendo mais impacto em termos pessoais do que sociais e profissionais; ABSTRACT: The current essay falls under the scope of the Education Sciences Master, Educational Administration and Management specialty, and is based on the completion of the investigation project called “The New Nuptials of Qualification in Alentejo”, promoted by the Education and Psychology Investigation Center of the University of Évora. The aim of the investigation is focused on the analysis of the impact, of the effects at social and professional level of the RVCC process (Recognition, Validation and Certification of Competencies) of the certified individuals, between 2000-2005, in the County of Santiago do Cacém. This investigation is of descriptive nature and assumes a quantitative methodological approach, which resorted to the administration of a questionnaire to the entire study population. The results obtained allow to conclude that the RVCC process has positive effects on the individuals’ life path, with more impact at personal level than social or professional.

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Management on the Quality of Seedless Crimson Table Grapes

The market for table grapes is moving into mass production of specialty seed-less grapes in covered areas, aiming at obtaining premium prices with early or late production of high quality products. Production of quality seedless grapes is not straightforward since it is requires the correct combination of various independent characteristics, such as color, sugars, size and quantity at the right moment for successful harvesting and marketing. The present study was carried out at the two largest Portuguese producers located in Alentejo, and has the objective of studying the effect of irrigation management strategies and two different soils on the various relevant parameters for successful production and marketing. The management strategies were the application of ten day stress at the end of the cycle, in order to promote early maturing of the grapes. Three different timings of the stress were applied. Soil moisture, sap flow, bark thickness, as well as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were measured regularly during the production season. The results indicate that the roots explore a rather large soil volume and the plants can successfully withstand reasonable periods of drought without significant changes to the plant physiology. Additionally late rains can mask the effect of any farmer applied drought and invalidate any farmer induced stress to the plants. Water-logged soils tend to cause early onset of maturity, but cause the ripening stage to extend over a longer period of time, and thus, in effect result in a delay in the harvest date. Topography also has some effect on the ripening, since hot air tends to accumulate under the plastic at the higher areas of the field. This work is funded by PRODER, 4.1, within the scope of project MORECRIMSON

Hope Wounds: sistema de apoio à prática clínica na Diabetes Mellitus

Recentemente assiste-se a um crescimento da utilização das tecnologias de informação em diversas áreas, em particular dos dispositivos móveis. Na área da saúde é possível encontrar soluções inovadoras para apoio ao diagnóstico e tratamento de patologias que afectam milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo, como é o caso do risco de amputação em pacientes diabéticos. Aproveitando a existência de um ambiente de interligação telemática entre instituições de saúde Região do Baixo Vouga, o presente trabalho visa implementar o sistema HOPE Wounds na rotina diária de trabalho de profissionais de saúde, em especial médicos e enfermeiros, na prática da prestação de cuidados a pacientes diabéticos, com complicações de pé diabético. A interacção do dispositivo móvel e o ambiente web faz com que este sistema possibilite aceder e gravar diversa informação clínica, como por exemplo o registo fotográfico de feridas em escala temporal. O sistema HOPE Wounds integrado na Rede Telemática da Saúde permite ainda estabelecer a ponte entre profissionais do Centro de Saúde, da Consulta de Especialidade e do Internamento Hospitalar. A receptividade dos profissionais de saúde deixa antever a possibilidade de extensão a outras áreas médicas.

Soil erosion mitigation following forest wildfires

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of four post-fire emergency techniques for reducing overland flow and soil erosion on the central-Portugal typical forest. The selection and development of these techniques was based on the review of the scientific background, but specially after checking throughout field rainfall simulation experiments which factors were the key for runoff and soil erosion on the specific case of high repellent soils. The forest residue mulch, a new treatment never tested before, was highly effective in reducing runoff and soil erosion in recently burnt eucalypt forest. The logging slash mulch had no obvious effect, but it was attributed to the small amounts of runoff and sediments that the untreated plots produced due to the extensive needle cast following a low severity fire. The hydromulch, a mixture of water, organic fibres, seeds, nutrients and a surfactant used in cutted slopes rehabilitation was also highly successful and was specially indicated for especially sensible areas. The utilization of polyacrylamides, a chemical agent with good performance in agricultural erosion, was not successful in post-fire runoff and soil erosion control, once that did not alter the most important key factor for soil erosion: the ground cover. The development of a new fibre optic turbidity sensor was a successful development on the soil erosion determination methodology, and its patent is being processed in the mean time.

Técnicas de monitorização em redes ópticas de próxima geração

In this work several techniques to monitor the performance of optical networks were developed. These techniques are dedicated either to the measurement of the data signal parameters (optical signal to noise ratio and dispersion) or to the detection of physical failures on the network infrastructure. The optical signal to noise ratio of the transmitted signal was successfully monitored using methods based on the presence of Bragg gratings imprinted on high birefringent fibres that allowed the distinction of the signal from the noise due to its polarization properties. The monitoring of the signal group-velocity dispersion was also possible. In this case, a method based on the analysis of the electric spectrum of the signal was applied. It was experimentally demonstrated that this technique is applicable on both amplitude and phase modulated signals. It was also developed a technique to monitor the physical infrastructure of an optical access network. Once again, the application of Bragg gratings (this time imprinted on standard single mode fibres) was the basis of the developed method.

Laser assisted directional solidification of zirconia-based eutectics

Directionally solidified zirconia-based eutectic (DSE) fibres were obtained using the laser floating zone (LFZ) method. Two systems were investigated: zirconia-barium zirconate and zirconia-mullite. The purpose was to take advantage of zirconia properties, particularly as an ionic conductor and a mechanical rein-forcement phase. The influence of processing conditions in the structural and microstructural characteristics and their consequences on the electrical and mechanical behaviour were the focus of this thesis. The novel zirconia-barium zirconate eutectic materials were developed in order to combine oxygen ionic conduction through zirconia with protonic conduction from barium zirconate, promoting mixed ionic conduction behaviour. The mi-crostructure of the fibres comprises two alternated regions: bands having coarser zirconia-rich microstructure; and inter-band regions changing from a homogeneous coupled eutectic, at the lowest pulling rate, to columnar colony microstructure, for the faster grown fibres. The bands inter-distance increases with the growth rate and, at 300 mm/h, zirconia dendrites develop enclosed in a fine-interpenetrated network of 50 vol.% ZrO2-50 vol.% BaZrO3. Both phases display contiguity without interphase boundaries, according to impedance spec-troscopy data. Yttria-rich compositions were considered in order to promote the yttrium incorporation in both phases, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and corroborated by the elemental chemical analysis in energy dispersive spectros-copy. This is a mandatory condition to attain simultaneous contribution to the mixed ionic conduction. Such results are supported by impedance spectrosco-py measurements, which clearly disclose an increase of total ionic conduction for lower temperatures in wet/reduction atmospheres (activation energies of 35 kJ/mol in N2+H2 and 48 kJ/mol in air, in the range of 320-500 ºC) compared to the dry/oxidizing conditions (attaining values close to 90 kJ/mol, above 500 ºC). At high temperatures, the proton incorporation into the barium zirconate is un-favourable, so oxygen ion conduction through zirconia prevails, in dry and oxi-dizing environments, reaching a maximum of 1.3x10-2 S/cm in dry air, at ~1000 ºC. The ionic conduction of zirconia was alternatively combined with another high temperature oxygen ion conductor, as mullite, in order to obtain a broad elec-trolytic domain. The growth rate has a huge influence in the amount of phases and microstructure of the directionally solidified zirconia-mullite fibres. Their microstructure changes from planar coupled eutectic to dendritic eutectic mor-phology, when the growth rate rises from 1 to 500 mm/h, along with an incre-ment of tetragonal zirconia content. Furthermore, high growth rates lead to the development of Al-Si-Y glassy phase, and thus less mullite amount, which is found to considerably reduce the total ionic conduction of as-grown fibres. The reduction of the glassy phase content after annealing (10h; 1400 ºC) promotes an increase of the total ionic conduction (≥0.01 S/cm at 1370 °C), raising the mullite and tetragonal zirconia contents and leading to microstructural differ-ences, namely the distribution and size of the zirconia constituent. This has important consequences in conductivity by improving the percolation pathways. A notable increase in hardness is observed from 11.3 GPa for the 10 mm/h pulled fibre to 21.2 GPa for the fibre grown at 500 mm/h. The ultra-fine eutectic morphology of the 500 mm/h fibres results in a maximum value of 534 MPa for room temperature bending strength, which decreases to about one-fourth of this value at high temperature testing (1400 ºC) due to the soft nature of the glassy-matrix.

Nanocomposites as probes for biodetection by SERS

The present work aimed to explore the potential of new nanocomposites based on carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles for the detection of biomolecules through surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In a first step, polyvinyl alcohol composites were prepared incorporating silver nanoparticles by two different reduction procedures. At first without introduction of carbon nanostructures. These composites showed good results for the SERS identification of nucleic acids. Next, the synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide was studied to be used in the preparation of silver and gold nanocomposites. The reduction of this nanomaterial with different chemical agents was explored, since its reduction degree may be a determinant factor for the application envisaged (biomolecules interaction). The preparation of the nanocomposites with silver and gold was performed with different reducing agents. The SERS activity of these new nanocomposites was then explored in the presence of different analytes, varying the experimental conditions for Raman spectra acquisition. It was interesting to verify that the silver containing nanocomposites presented the particularity to intensify the graphene D and G bands. It is also important to highlight that a new eco-friendly reducing agent was tested for the synthesis of the graphene oxide composites, an Eucalyptus Globulus extract. Other variable introduced was the preparation of gold nanostars synthesized with hydroxylamine in the presence of graphene oxide, which allowed the preparation of a new nanocomposite with SERS potential. Fibrous membranes were also prepared by electrospinning with the aim to prepare SERS supports with adequate topography and porosity for the formation of nanoparticles agglomerates for the creation of the so-called hot-spots and also to allow the penetration of the analyte molecules. The polymers polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile were selected for electrospinning. Using this technique, electrospun mantles with silver and gold nanoparticles and nanocomposites were prepared. Several variables were studied, such as the introduction of the nano-fillers during the electrospinning process, later deposition of the nano-fillers on the simple electrospun polymeric fibres and surface functionalization of the simple polymeric membranes to link the nano-fillers. At last, the potentialities of using carbon nanotubes forests, produced by chemical vapor deposition and coated with gold film by sputtering, as new SERS substrates were explored. It was found that the SERS detection of DNA bases and ADN itself is possible using these substrates.

Utilisation of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the confinement of concrete

This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out on concrete cylinders confined with fibre reinforced polymers (FRP), subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. Carbon fibres (CFRP) were used as confining material for the concrete specimens. The failure mode, reinforcement ratio based on jacket thickness and type of loading are examined. The study shows that external confinement of concrete can enhance its strength and ductility as well as result in large energy absorption capacity. This has important safety implications, especially in regions with seismic activity.

Externally confined concrete columns using FRP tubes

This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out on concrete filled fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) tubes, subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. Two types of FRP materials were used: glass fibres and carbon fibres. Different failure modes and the effect of concrete fill, type of confinement materials, reinforcement ratio based on tube thickness and type of loading are examined. The study shows that external confinement of concrete by means of modern materials, such fibre reinforced polymers, can enhance its strength and ductility as well as result in large energy absorption capacity. This has important safety implications, especially in regions with seismic activity. A model that predicts the behaviour of confined concrete which takes into account the stiffness and effectiveness of different confinement materials is briefly introduced.

Shear behaviour of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete simply supported beams

The structural behaviour of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete beams was studied using non-linear finite-element analysis and existing experimental data. The work aim was to examine the potential of using steel fibres to reduce the amount of conventional transverse steel reinforcement without compromising ductility and strength requirements set out in design codes. To achieve this, the spacing between shear links was increased while steel fibres were added as a substitute. Parametric studies were subsequently carried out and comparisons were also made with BS EN 1992-1-1 predictions. It was concluded that the addition of steel fibres enhanced the load-carrying capacity and also altered the failure mode from a brittle shear mode to a flexural ductile one. The provision of fibres also improved ductility. However, interestingly it was found that adding excessive amounts of fibres led to a less-ductile response. Overall, the study confirmed the potential for fibres to compensate for a reduction in conventional shear reinforcement.

Piñatex, the design development of a new sustainable material

This is a research project by practice, which firstly develops a new material invention derived from natural fibres extracted from waste pineapple leaves; secondly it articulates the contemporary designer’s role in facilitating sustainable solutions through: Insights from my own material invention, PiñatexTM, which integrates the materiality of design with the immateriality of concepts and values Developing a visual model of mapping I began with these questions: ‘What are the challenges in seeking to make a new and sustainable material from the waste products of pineapple agriculture in the Philippines?’ and ‘How can a design practice link elements of materiality (artifacts) with immaterial elements (value systems) in order to improve sustainable social and economic development?’ Significant influences have been the work of Papanek1 (2003), Hawken2 (1999) and Abouleish3 (2008) and in particular the ethical business model initiated by McDonough and Braungart in Cradle to Cradle®4 (2002). My own research project is inspired by the Cradle to Cradle® model. It proposes the development of a new material, PiñatexTM which is derived from natural fibres extracted from waste pineapple leaves and could be used in a wide variety of products that are currently fabricated in leather or petroleum-based materials. The methods have comprised: Contextual reviews; case studies (SEKEM, Cradle to Cradle® and Gawad Kalinga); practical experiments in the field of natural fibres, chemistry, product development, manufacturing and prototyping, leading to an invention and a theoretical model of mapping. In addition, collaboration has taken place across scientific, technological, social, ecological, academic and business fields. The outcome is a new material based on the synchronicity between the pineapple fibres, polymers, resins and coatings specially formulated. The invention of the new material that I developed as a central part of this research by practice has a patent in the national phase (PCT/GB 2011/000802) and is in the first stages of manufacturing, commercial testing and further design input (Summer 2014). The contribution to knowledge is firstly the material, PiñatexTM, which exhibits certain key qualities, namely environmentally non-toxic, biodegradable, income-generating potential and marketability. This is alongside its intrinsic qualities as a textile product: aesthetic potential, durability and stability, which will make it suitable for the accessories, interiors and furnishing markets. The theoretical mapping system Upstream and Downstream forms a secondary contribution.

Improved extraction of arabinoxylans from rye bran and production of health beneficial oligosaccharides

Dissertação de mest., Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Prédiction de la digestibilité des acides aminés des ingrédients utilisés en alimentation porcine : approche par méta-analyse

En alimentation animale, l’utilisation adéquate des aliments nécessite une connaissance précise des valeurs nutritionnelles de leurs composantes, dont celle en acides aminés. Cependant, ces valeurs nutritionnelles dépendent de la teneur en acides aminés essentiels (AAE) totaux et de la digestibilité iléale standardisée (DIS) de ces AAE. Cette dernière varie en fonction de plusieurs facteurs, dont l’origine botanique des graines, les conditions de culture des récoltes, le stockage des aliments, les traitements physico-chimiques appliqués aux grains, les facteurs antinutritionnels (FANs) et les techniques expérimentales utilisées pour le dosage et l’estimation de la digestibilité des AAE. Une approche par méta-analyse a permis d’établir des modèles de prédiction de la valeur nutritionnelle en AAE des ingrédients à partir de leur composition chimique en considérant la protéine brute (PB), les AAE totaux, la teneur en fibre (Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) et Fibre Brute (FB)) et les FANs comme les inhibiteurs de la trypsine. En se référant à l’analyse graphique et statistique, les données ont été réparties en 4 groupes : 1) les tourteaux (tourteau de soja, colza/canola et coton); 2) les légumineuses (féveroles, lupins, pois et soja); 3) les céréales (blé, orge, avoine, sorgho et maïs); 4) les drêches de distilleries (blé et maïs). Ainsi, un modèle général ajusté en fonction du type d’ingrédients a été généré et les facteurs de variation de la digestibilité en AAE ont été identifiés. Pour les tourteaux, la DIS des AAE est réduite par un accroissement de la teneur en NDF, tandis que la DIS des AAE de la féverole, pois et lupin est principalement influencée par la teneur en PB et en FANs. Concernant les graines de soja la DIS des AAE est réduite par une hausse de la teneur en fibre (FB et ADF). Enfin pour les céréales et les sous- produit de céréales telles que les drêches, la PB et les fibres (ADF ou NDF) étaient les meilleurs nutriments pour prédire la DIS des AAE. Ces résultats démontrent que la DIS des AAE peut être prédite avec précision à partir de la composition chimique pour la plupart des ingrédients.

Pee Dee food & farm guide

This is an annual guide to local food producers, farmers markets and local food businesses in the Pee Dee Region.