Estudo de caso: formulação de custo de um produto de usinagem em uma pequena empresa

Many variables are indirectly involved in the transformation of raw material into a metallurgical industry, such as machine hours, hours of hand labor directly and / or indirect, setup time, etc. This research focuses on the complexity of formulating the cost of metallurgical products, based on a case study, in which one has incurred a large loss on the sale of a product called Punch. The main objective of this work is to define the variables of the cost of members and other metallurgical products, so simplified general, checking what were the failures costing the case studied, in order to help others. The method of formulating cost was determined as recommended by SEBRAE guidance for small businesses. The results showed a loss R$ 13.201,00 in the batch of 15 units of punch. Possible improvements have been identified for reducing the production cost

Desenvolvimento de um sistema para caracterização de dispositivos eletroluminescentes

The materials designed to be used in electroluminescent (EL) devices construction are studied and improved since 1936. Great interests in the development of this kind of devices are mainly due to its low power consumption, flexibility, low cost and easy processing. One class of ELs devices with these characteristics are produced by employing a organic-polymeric/inorganic composite from a conductive polymer blend and an inorganic electroluminescent material (Zn2SiO4:Mn) dispersed in the polymeric matrix. This kind of device operates in d.c. or a.c. potentials, with EL of hundreds candela in the green region of the visible spectrum. However, few studies on the light emission were performed for these devices. In order to characterize devices made from composites, in this work is proposed a method of characterizing the electroluminescence associated with the impedance spectroscopy technique. To implement the technique of impedance spectroscopy was employ an experimental setup consisting of a source of a.c. voltage, an oscilloscope, and a reference resistor. Associated with this system, was use a photo diode and an analog electrometer to characterize the emitted light signal from the sample. The system was implemented allows characterization by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.2 Hz up to 2 MHz and voltage amplitudes of 5 mV up to 20 kV. This system permits, at the same time, measurement of the RMS value of the luminance for devices in frequency range from 20 Hz up to 2 MHz. To test the system efficiency, an EL device was characterized showing analogous results to those reported in literature. By doing this, was demonstrated the efficiency of the system for electroluminescence characterization associated with the electrical characterization by impedance spectroscopy, for devices

Identificação de boas práticas e dificuldades do SMED aplicado em uma indústria do ramo de cosméticos

The cosmetic industry has presenting growth in Brazil and one way to support this demand is improving production and reducing waste. Wastes can be related to setup time, which is spent to support demand of product´s mix and volume. One of the methodologies used to reduce setup time is SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die). This paper aims to describe and analyze the setup process in a production line in a cosmetic industrial branch, before and after the application of SMED methodology, highlighting good practices and difficulties in order to help other companies develop fast setup. The research method used was the case study. From the analysis of the implementation of the methodology on the company which is object from the case study was possible to summarize good practices, such as: the use of pillar E&T to store information about the training on the SMED methodology; creation of a multifunctional teamwork and involving different areas; creation of a “From-To” matrix. Difficulties were identified, such as: high and constant turnover of people who work on the shop floor; lack of discipline in filling the forms and by doing the setup activities that were standardized; lack of financial resources; lack of people´s availability in orer to conduct necessary meetings and trainings. Recommendations for other companies have also been proposed, such as: training of the team involved, before starting the project and a refresher training; standardization of training, forms and documentation of all steps of the project; create a multifunctional team; training after an employee, who is responsible for the setup, leaves the company

Caracterização in vitro de técnica biomagnética empregando magnetômetros 3D para avaliar tempo de trânsito esofagiano

The biomagnetic techniques use different magnetic field detectors to measure parameters of the human physiology. Those techniques present the advantage of being noninvasive and radiation free. Among them we can show up the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), the Current Alternate Biosusceptometry (ACB) and, more recently, the employment of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors. Those magnetic sensors have a low cost and good sensitivity to measure different physiological parameters using magnetic markers. The biomagnetic techniques have being used successfully through study on the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research, the magnetoresistors were used to evaluate the transit time and localization of magnetic sources in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this work is the characterization, with in vitro tests, of a biomagnetic instrumentation using two 3-axis magnetoresistors arranged in a gradiometric coplanar setup to evaluate esophageal transit time, analyze and compare the results of experimental signals and the magnetic theory, as well as evaluate the instrumentation gain with use of tri-axial sensor front to the mono-axial sensor. The instrumentation is composed by two three-axis sensing magnetometers, precision power supply and amplifier electronic circuits. The sensors fixed in a coplanar setup were separate by distance of 18 cm. The sensitivity tests had been carried through using a cylindrical magnet (ø = 4 mm and h = 4 mm) of neodymium-iron-boron (grid 35). The tests were done moving the permanent magnet on the sensors parallel axis, simulating the food transit in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A obtenção de ganhos produtivos e diminuição dos desperdícios com a implementação de manufatura enxuta em uma indústria metalúrgica

This work was developed with the aim of explaining the real benefits of using the concept of Lean Manufacturing in a Metallurgical Industry. Through this will highlight the strategies and real gains from the use of this methodology and therefore, the tools of Production Engineering that were used in the implementation of Lean Manufacturing, in order to improve processes in various aspects such as reduced handling, standardization of production, reduced time used in machine setup. Practical methods applied for the purpose of reducing waste become apparent. Also highlighted will be the real difficulties encountered in the implementation of Lean Manufacturing

Um problema de corte de estoque multiobjetivo

In this paper we deal with the one-dimensional integer cutting stock problem, which consists of cutting a set of available objects in stock in order to produce ordered smaller items in such a way as to optimize a given objective function, which in this paper is composed of three different objectives: minimization of the number of objects to be cut (raw material), minimization of the number of different cutting patterns (setup time), minimization of the number of saw cycles (optimization of the saw productivity). For solving this complex problem we adopt a multiobjective approach in which we adapt, for the problem studied, a symbiotic genetic algorithm proposed in the literature. Some theoretical and computational results are presented.

Relaxação Lagrangiana Aplicada ao Problema de Dimensionamento de Lotes em Máquinas Paralelas: Limitantes Inferiores

This paper addresses the single stage lot-sizing problem in parallel machines. Each item can be produced on any machine, and incurs a setup time before to start the production. The objective of this paper is to obtain lower bounds of good quality for this problem. A solution method is developed based on a reformulation of the problem and the Lagrangian relaxation of a set of constraints. Some computational results are presented comparing the proposed method with a method from the literature and with a computational package.

Aplicação de melhorias na organização e nos processos de usinagem pesada

Currently productivity is a concern in large firms and in heavy machining industries could not be otherwise . The issue of time in the process becomes a relevant and worthy of analysis point , especially that the setup time becomes a critical issue to be addressed . Due to the size of the equipment studied ( heavy machining ) and especially with regard to the characteristics of the machine tool and the parts to be machined , generally robust and large parts , the preparation of such parts shall be made accurately to the machining has a good result as planned . With the setup acting as a limiter of productivity growth in this sector , actions constantly in search of reducing downtimes and optimization are taken . This study aimed to conduct a study that confirms increased productivity by reducing the machining time , especially setup time and also with the implementation of organizational tools. Actions taken in heavy machining industry Arm L- 580 Liebherr company in Brazil specifically in CNC Boring PAMA Speedram 3000 were analyzed . Through a qualitative study using the method of case study , it was examined before and after the sector and reducing setup times . Evidencing the shares through figures and collection times . The end result of this analysis was to verify that through simple actions productivity and organization in the area were directly affected in a positive way , and supporting organizational change throughout training were taught to be incorporated into the company culture

Viabilidade do Código MCNPX para o Estudo da Técnica de Fluorescência de Raios-X por Reflexão Total

The X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is an important technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical components in a sample. It is based on measurement of the intensity of the emitted characteristic radiation by the elements of the sample, after being properly excited. One of the modalities of this technique is the total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF). In TXRF, the angle of refraction of the incident beam tends to zero and the refracted beam is tangent to the sample-support interface. Thus, there is a minimum angle of incidence that there is no refracted beam and all the incident radiation undergoes total reflection. As it is implemented in very small samples, in a film format, self-absorption effects should not very relevant. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using code MCNPX (Monte Carlo N - Particle eXtended), to simulate a measure implemented by the TXRF technique. In this way, it was verified the quality of response of a system by TXRF spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation as excitation beam for a simple setup, by retrieving the characteristic energies and the concentrations of the elements in the sample. The steps of data processing, after obtaining the excitation spectra, were the same as in a real experiment and included the obtaining of the sensitivity curve for the simulated system. The agreement between the theoretical and simulated values of Ka characteristic energies for different elements was lower than 1 % .The obtained concentration of the elements of the sample had high relatively errors ( between 6 and 60 % ) due mainly to lack of knowing about some realistic physical parameters of the sample , such as density . In this way, this result does not preclude the use of MCNPX code for this type of application

Modelos Matemáticos e Métodos de Solução para Problemas de Dimensionamento de Lotes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Direct determination of chromium in empty medicine capsules by tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bell inequalities for K-0(K)over-bar(0) pairs from Phi-resonance decays

We analyze the premises of recent propositions to test local realism via the Bell inequalities using neutral kaons from φ resonance decays as entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs. We pay special attention to the derivation of the Bell inequalities, or related expressions, for unstable and oscillating kaon quasispin states and to the possibility of the actual identification of these states through their associated decay modes. We discuss an indirect method to extract probabilities to find these states by combining experimental information with theoretical input. However, we still find inconsistencies in previous derivations of the Bell inequalities. We show that the identification of the quasispin states via their associated decay mode does not allow the free choice to perform different tests on them, a property which is crucial to establish the validity of any Bell inequality in the context of local realism. In view of this we propose a different kind of Bell inequality in which the free choice or adjustability of the experimental setup is guaranteed. We also show that the proposed inequalities are violated by quantum mechanics. ©1999 The American Physical Society.

A TV no ecossistema dos onívoros digitais

A quick setup of the digital environment that occurs in these first decades of the twentyfirst century has involved the use of electronic devices for consume content both at home, at work and on the go (ComScore, 2011). The emergence of this vast multiplatform digital landscape impels to know of individual and complementary use of these devices with ubiquitous nature or not. The widespread adoption of smartphones, tablets and other connected devices via internet makes users / consumers of these devices to feed a diet based on a constant flow of digital content across different platforms. The objective of this paper is to describe the role of television in the context of the Media Ecology which is established by the "digital omnivores" a new group of consumers whose name, according Canavilhas (2013, p.03), "is related with the platforms that consumers use to access the Internet, but also to the type of individual and multiplatform consumption they do.”

Hybrid methods for lot sizing on parallel machines

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interferência Fano antissimétrica assistida por um férmion de Majorana

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)