Comparando a saúde no Brasil com os países da OCDE: explorando dados de saúde pública

A atenção à saúde da população no Brasil gera um grande volume de dados sobre os serviços de saúde prestados. O tratamento adequado destes dados com técnicas de acesso à grande massa de dados pode permitir a extração de informações importantes para um melhor conhecimento do setor saúde. Avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de saúde através da utilização da massa de dados produzida tem sido uma tendência mundial, uma vez que vários países já mantêm programas de avaliação baseados em dados e indicadores. Neste contexto, A OCDE – Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, que é uma organização internacional que avalia as políticas econômicas de seus 34 países membros, possui uma publicação bienal, chamada Health at a Glance, que tem por objetivo fazer a comparação dos sistemas de saúde dos países membros da OCDE. Embora o Brasil não seja um membro, a OCDE procura incluí-lo no cálculo de alguns indicadores, quando os dados estão disponíveis, pois considera o Brasil como uma das maiores economias que não é um país membro. O presente estudo tem por objetivo propor e implementar, com base na metodologia da publicação Health at a Glance de 2015, o cálculo para o Brasil de 22 indicadores em saúde que compõem o domínio “utilização de serviços em saúde” da publicação da OCDE. Para isto foi feito um levantamento das principais bases de dados nacionais em saúde disponíveis que posteriormente foram capturadas, conforme necessidade, através de técnicas para acessar e tratar o grande volume de dados em saúde no Brasil. As bases de dados utilizadas são provenientes de três principais fontes remuneração: SUS, planos privados de saúde e outras fontes de remuneração como, por exemplo, planos públicos de saúde, DPVAT e particular. A realização deste trabalho permitiu verificar que os dados em saúde disponíveis publicamente no Brasil podem ser usados na avaliação do desempenho do sistema de saúde, e além de incluir o Brasil no benchmark internacional dos países da OCDE nestes 22 indicadores, promoveu a comparação destes indicadores entre o setor público de saúde do Brasil, o SUS, e o setor de planos privados de saúde, a chamada saúde suplementar. Além disso, também foi possível comparar os indicadores calculados para o SUS para cada UF, demonstrando assim as diferenças na prestação de serviços de saúde nos estados do Brasil para o setor público. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que, em geral, o Brasil comparado com os países da OCDE apresenta um desempenho abaixo da média dos demais países, o que indica necessidade de esforços para atingir um nível mais alto na prestação de serviços em saúde que estão no âmbito de avaliação dos indicadores calculados. Quando segmentado entre SUS e saúde suplementar, a análise dos resultados dos indicadores do Brasil aponta para uma aproximação do desempenho do setor de saúde suplementar em relação à média dos demais países da OCDE, e por outro lado um distanciamento do SUS em relação a esta média. Isto evidencia a diferença no nível de prestação de serviços dentro do Brasil entre o SUS e a saúde suplementar. Por fim, como proposta de melhoria na qualidade dos resultados obtidos neste estudo sugere-se o uso da base de dados do TISS/ANS para as informações provenientes do setor de saúde suplementar, uma vez que o TISS reflete toda a troca de informações entre os prestadores de serviços de saúde e as operadoras de planos privados de saúde para fins de pagamento dos serviços prestados.

A responsabilidade dos arquivos nas tomadas de decisões

PAZ,Joseane Maria da; FREITAS NETA, A.; BORBA, Maria do Socorro de Azevedo; CARVALHO, Renata Passos Filgueira de. A responsabilidade dos arquivos nas tomadas de decisões. Lima: Biblios - Revista de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información, v. 5, p. 84-95, 2004

A previdência rural universalista e a sua relevância na economia dos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte

This study deals with the rural social security Universalist established by the Constitution of 1988 and its importance in the economy of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. In this context, the study seeks to satisfy two important criteria that guide the selection of objects of social science research: a consideration of issues that have relevance to the real world and the intention to make the contribution to the scholarly literature on theoretical and empirical aspects. The research seeks to reveal what is the economic importance of the subsystem of social security for rural municipalities in RN. The hypothesis is that the transfer of income received by beneficiaries from the rural social security tax exceeds the explicit mechanisms for most municipalities in RN, in many cases significantly, proving the importance of this policy as a mechanism for combating poverty and reducing social inequality, especially before the fragility of the federal system on the national political entity hall. The study presents theoretical cores - chapters 1-3 - and empirical - Chapter 4. The first core is about the evolution of social protection as a state policy, addressing the influential theories and typologies of the State of Social Welfare and the characteristics of the Brazilian social security model, but mainly, its rural social security subsystem, its history until universalistic model inaugurated by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The second begins with an overview of studies that have emphasized the impact of Social Security on the local economy of small municipalities, then passing data and statistics in order to gauge the socioeconomic importance of pension income in the rural municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, the final chapter provides a comparison of the monetary value transferred by the payment of social security benefits - rural and urban - to each of the 167 municipalities in RN with the equally important sources of income in the budget of municipal entities. Apart from their own tax revenues, are objects of comparison with the value of pension benefits awarded in RN, transfer quota state relating to the municipality on the federal ICMS and the transfer on the FPM

Os filhos evangélicos do novo caldeirão do diabo: a conversão religiosa na penitenciária de alcaçuz

The theme of the research is inserted at a field of intersection between the Sociology of Religion and Sociology of Violence, having as the general objective study the sociological meaning of the conversion of prisoners that lives at the biggest prison (Prison of Alcaçuz) of Rio Grande do Norte to the evangelical churches. The research is justified, because Brazil shelter the fourth greater arrested population arrested of the world, with projections indicating that it can turn the greatest in 2034. Besides, this study about religious conversion of prisoners to the Social Sciences is too important, because is a theme little developed in Brazil and deserves attention, one time that as the arrested people as the evangelicals are in expansion in our country. Starting from the precedent observations, we guide ourselves by the following problematic of research: the religious practice in Alcaçuz presents a mere instrumental perspective, where the actions of prisoners converted was on purpose oriented to conquest material or symbolic privileges; or purely religious, where seek a moral renovation? To develop the work, the scientific methodology adopted was exploratory and explanatory, using the Goffman´s theory about total institutions and presentation of self, and Blumer´s doctrine relating to Symbolic Interacionism and the Story life method, besides considerations about evangelical religion. Having this theoretical basis, was accomplished the Field research, when were made interviews and applied questionnaires to 11 Jailer Agents, 31 prisoners, Director and Vice-Dictor (in November, 2011), the coordinator of social projects of the prison and the coordinator of evangelization at the prisons in Rio Grande do Norte. As results, it was seeing in Alcaçuz that the prisoners can be separated in two groups: the one of Pavilions and other one of the Medical Section. The Pavilions are branded for managerial and structural problems, where are found idle prisoners in collective cells and with a historical of escaping attempts, mutinies and murders. The Medical Section has some individual cells or destined for two people, besides few collective also, and the prisoners work and have a more disciplined behavior, there isn t escapes or rebellions and that, for these reasons end for have more confidence from the Administration. About the presence of evangelical prisoners, most are at Medical Section, where exist a specific place to the cults (what doesn t at Pavilions). At the end, the conclusion is that the prisoner that says himself evangelical in Alcaçuz, although can be seeing with distrust about your real conversion, he gets win a trust vote and until the opposite being demonstrated in other words, that he is not hiding himself behind the bible to divert the vigilance of Direction and practice disciplinary faults without make any suspicions, is treated with more respect and has more opportunities live at Medical Section; have work, that most of times is paid and guarantee the homologation of your payment of penalty with work, besides other benefits, diminishing his time in jail

O impacto do pagamento da participação sobre a produção de petróleo e gás natural sobre a renda familiar e a propriedade no Município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado no período de 1998 a 2004

This scientific study deals about the oil and natural gas production participation payment impact in the county of Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1998 to 2004, applied to family income and property. To do so, this analysis focus on the ricardian´s theory exposition which merges from the concept of the mineral income, in concern to the legal establishment of royalties. This paper also shows the world evolution oil exploration, inserting Brazil in this scene as a oil and natural gas producter. It identifies the productive site of oil and natural gas in Rio Grande do Norte as the Potiguar Oil Area, characterizing its components in the demographic, physical and social aspects, to reflect in the focus point of observation which is the Governador Dix-sept Rosado county. The participation payment on oil and natural gas is demonstrated in a qualitative analysis both in Brazil as in Rio Grande do Norte. The payments given to the land owners in this federative unity are shown in the period of analysis of this essay. The study tells, based in a field research, the benefaction impact of the payment to the land owners over the income and property. The family income were highly impacted, causing economic social classes change to some land owners. The property had less or none impact. It was found negative externalities as the income utilization to other county uses, not causing a multiplier effect in the studied county. The fact of the not utilization of the properties on productive investments in order to supply the finite characteristic of oil and this source of royalties, contradicts one of the reasons of its establishment which is the payment for its productive exhaustion of a land resource

Responses to selection for milk traits in dairy buffaloes

The aim of the present study was to estimate the index and individual responses to selection for milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) yields for different breeding goals for two commercial buffalo milk production systems in São Paulo State characterized by: 1) all milk produced is sold to the industry (MILK) and 2) all milk produced is used in the mozzarella cheese-making process at the farm (MOZZARELLA). The current payment policy is based exclusively on milk volume. The mozzarella price refers to the wholesale selling price. Index responses to selection (IR) were calculated for three different breeding goals (BG): 1) MY exclusively (BG(1)); 2) FY + PY (BG(2)) and 3) MY + FY + PY (BG(3)). IR for the MILK system were US$ 41.79 (BG(1)), US$ 5.91 (BG(2)) and US$ 38.22 (BG(3)). For the MOZZARELLA system, IR were US$ 179.50 (BG(1)), US$ 262.85 (BG(2)) and US$ 402.41 (BG(3)). The results suggest that for the present circumstances, selection for milk components is not advantageous when milk is produced for sale to the industry. However, when mozzarella making is added to the system, the selection for components and milk volume is the most economically beneficial.

Valores econômicos para as características de produção de leite de búfalas no Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da incorporação de resíduo industrial polimérico ao CAP

This work presents the incorporation of an industrial polymeric waste into a petroleum asphalt cement with penetration grade 50-60 (CAP 50-60). The main goal of this research is the development of a polymer-modified asphalt, with improvements in its physical properties, in order to obtain a more resistant material to the traffic loads. Furthermore, the use of this polymeric waste will result in economic and environmental benefits. The CAP 50-60 used in this research was kindly supplied by LUBNOR Lubrificantes e Derivados de Petróleo do Nordeste (produced in Fazenda Belém Aracati - Ceará) and the industrial polymeric waste was provided by a button manufacturer industry, located in Rio Grande do Norte state. This polymeric waste represents an environmental problem due to its difficulty in recycling and disposal, being necessary the payment by the industry to a landfill. The difficulty in its reuse is for being this material a termofixed polymer, as a result, the button chips resulting from the molding process cannot be employed for the same purpose. The first step in this research was the characterization of the polymeric waste, using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the results, the material was classified as unsaturated polyester. After, laboratory experiments were accomplished seeking to incorporate the polymeric waste into the asphalt binder according to a 23 experimental factorial design, using as main factors: the polymer content (2%, 7% and 14%), the temperature of the mixture (140 and 180 oC) and the reaction time (20 and 60 minutes). The characterization of the polymer-modified asphalt was accomplished by traditional tests, such as: penetration, ring and ball softening point, viscosity, ductility and flash point temperature. The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of the polymeric waste into the asphalt binder modified some of its physical properties. However, this addition can be considered as a feasible alternative for the use of the polymeric waste, which is a serious environmental and technological problem.

Efeitos do glyphosate e sulfometuron-methyl no crescimento e na qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar

Os herbicidas, mesmo quando usados em doses reduzidas ou utilizados como maturadores, podem alterar a morfofisiologia da planta, o que pode levar a modificações qualitativas e quantitativas na produção. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência agronômica e os efeitos, durante o crescimento da cana-soca, da aplicação de glyphosate e sulfometuron-methyl em baixas doses. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos herbicidas sulfometuron-methyl e glyphosate em diferentes doses e misturas e por uma testemunha (sem aplicação dos produtos). Uma linha de plantas de cana-de-açúcar foi destinada à aferição da qualidade tecnológica, sendo estabelecido 1 m aleatório a cada época de amostragem. Os colmos coletados foram submetidos ao desponte na altura da gema apical e à desfolha; em seguida, foram encaminhados para processamento segundo a metodologia do Sistema de Pagamento de Cana pelo Teor de Sacarose (SPCTS), sendo considerados os parâmetros tecnológicos: pol cana (PCC), pureza do caldo (PUI), açúcar total recuperável (ATR) e Brix. Nas soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar, realizaram-se análises de crescimento (altura e perfilhos). As avaliações foram realizadas na pré-colheita (30 dias após aplicação dos maturadores) e 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a colheita. Os herbicidas glyphosate e sulfometuron-methyl propiciaram melhoria da qualidade tecnológica da matéria-prima,com incrementos significativos na pureza do caldo e no Brix. A aplicação dos produtos não interferiu na produtividade e no teor de açúcar. Houve efeito estimulante no perfilhamento quando se usou glyphosate na dose de 400 mL ha-1 e redução em crescimento (altura) no início do desenvolvimento da cana, porém, com o tempo, o efeito não se manteve.

Silenciosas e silenciadas: descortinando as violências contra a mulher no cotidiano da prostituição em Natal-RN

The prostitution is known as the world's oldest "profession", according to some historians, "the contemporary civilization itself." However, to refer it that way, we can systematically emptying it of expressions of violence that permeate. Furthermore, this statement tries to legitimize prostitution as a practical historically related to the natural condition of women. The main objective of the research is to examine how the activity prostitucional potentiates in different forms of violence in everyday development of prostitution in the city of Natal. Accordingly, the spot of the categories of gender relations and patriarchal violence against women, refute the thesis advocated by much of feminist studies on of prostitution as an expression of autonomy of women and overcoming the patriarchal order of gender. Procedures as set methodological quali-quantitative approach, guided by the method historicalmaterialist dialectic that allows us to apprehend the object of study beyond their immediate, unmasking its contradictions. We conducted nine interviews with prostitutes belonging to the classes of People who develop the activities in the streets and prostitutes Natals` cabarets. We hand with the systematic observation activities promoted by the Association of Prostitutes in Rio Grande do Norte ASPRORN, as the visits to cabarets, as well as participation in seminars held by this entity, at which establish contacts with informants-c which have facilitated access to interviewed. We note that the economic dimension is the factor determinant for their inclusion in prostitution, all to recognize as who found an alternative for survival, since most do not has no professional training and education. Another issue important to be emphasized concerns the areas where unhealthy develop programs which by itself is characterized as a denial of rights, expressed in the socioeconomic inequality that are subject. As the expressions of violence in their daily lives, the main forms identified were the physical and social, however, there is a trend in naturalizes them, the secondary-over other issues identified as most pressing, such as not service payment by the customers. The determinants of violence identified by respondents were assigned to the woman, or is its boldness. We also, the omission of the State in the issue of prostitution, mainly embodied in absence of public policies directed to sexual rights and reproductive and generation of employment and income. Regarding the regulation of prostitution, the majority of the interviewees is contrary, arguing that exacerbate the stigma in this practice