The BALTIMOS (BALTEX Integrated Model System) fi eld experiments: A comprehensive atmospheric boundary layer data set for model validation over the open and ice- covered Baltic Sea

A comprehensive atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data set was collected in eight fi eld experiments (two during each season) over open water and sea ice in the Baltic Sea during 1998–2001 with the primary objective to validate the coupled atmospheric- ice-ocean-land surface model BALTIMOS (BALTEX Integrated Model System). Measurements were taken by aircraft, ships and surface stations and cover the mean and turbulent structure of the ABL including turbulent fl uxes, radiation fl uxes, and cloud conditions. Measurement examples of the spatial variability of the ABL over the ice edge zone and of the stable ABL over open water demonstrate the wide range of ABL conditions collected and the strength of the data set which can also be used to validate other regional models.

Clustering Lab value working with medical data

Data mining is a relatively new field of research that its objective is to acquire knowledge from large amounts of data. In medical and health care areas, due to regulations and due to the availability of computers, a large amount of data is becoming available [27]. On the one hand, practitioners are expected to use all this data in their work but, at the same time, such a large amount of data cannot be processed by humans in a short time to make diagnosis, prognosis and treatment schedules. A major objective of this thesis is to evaluate data mining tools in medical and health care applications to develop a tool that can help make rather accurate decisions. In this thesis, the goal is finding a pattern among patients who got pneumonia by clustering of lab data values which have been recorded every day. By this pattern we can generalize it to the patients who did not have been diagnosed by this disease whose lab values shows the same trend as pneumonia patients does. There are 10 tables which have been extracted from a big data base of a hospital in Jena for my work .In ICU (intensive care unit), COPRA system which is a patient management system has been used. All the tables and data stored in German Language database.

Extracting Causal Graphs from an Open Provenance Data Model

The open provenance architecture (OPA) approach to the challenge was distinct in several regards. In particular, it is based on an open, well-defined data model and architecture, allowing different components of the challenge workflow to independently record documentation, and for the workflow to be executed in any environment. Another noticeable feature is that we distinguish between the data recorded about what has occurred, emphprocess documentation, and the emphprovenance of a data item, which is all that caused the data item to be as it is and is obtained as the result of a query over process documentation. This distinction allows us to tailor the system to separately best address the requirements of recording and querying documentation. Other notable features include the explicit recording of causal relationships between both events and data items, an interaction-based world model, intensional definition of data items in queries rather than relying on explicit naming mechanisms, and emphstyling of documentation to support non-functional application requirements such as reducing storage costs or ensuring privacy of data. In this paper we describe how each of these features aid us in answering the challenge provenance queries.

A Common-feature approach for testing present-value restrictions with financial data

It is well known that cointegration between the level of two variables (labeled Yt and yt in this paper) is a necessary condition to assess the empirical validity of a present-value model (PV and PVM, respectively, hereafter) linking them. The work on cointegration has been so prevalent that it is often overlooked that another necessary condition for the PVM to hold is that the forecast error entailed by the model is orthogonal to the past. The basis of this result is the use of rational expectations in forecasting future values of variables in the PVM. If this condition fails, the present-value equation will not be valid, since it will contain an additional term capturing the (non-zero) conditional expected value of future error terms. Our article has a few novel contributions, but two stand out. First, in testing for PVMs, we advise to split the restrictions implied by PV relationships into orthogonality conditions (or reduced rank restrictions) before additional tests on the value of parameters. We show that PV relationships entail a weak-form common feature relationship as in Hecq, Palm, and Urbain (2006) and in Athanasopoulos, Guillén, Issler and Vahid (2011) and also a polynomial serial-correlation common feature relationship as in Cubadda and Hecq (2001), which represent restrictions on dynamic models which allow several tests for the existence of PV relationships to be used. Because these relationships occur mostly with nancial data, we propose tests based on generalized method of moment (GMM) estimates, where it is straightforward to propose robust tests in the presence of heteroskedasticity. We also propose a robust Wald test developed to investigate the presence of reduced rank models. Their performance is evaluated in a Monte-Carlo exercise. Second, in the context of asset pricing, we propose applying a permanent-transitory (PT) decomposition based on Beveridge and Nelson (1981), which focus on extracting the long-run component of asset prices, a key concept in modern nancial theory as discussed in Alvarez and Jermann (2005), Hansen and Scheinkman (2009), and Nieuwerburgh, Lustig, Verdelhan (2010). Here again we can exploit the results developed in the common cycle literature to easily extract permament and transitory components under both long and also short-run restrictions. The techniques discussed herein are applied to long span annual data on long- and short-term interest rates and on price and dividend for the U.S. economy. In both applications we do not reject the existence of a common cyclical feature vector linking these two series. Extracting the long-run component shows the usefulness of our approach and highlights the presence of asset-pricing bubbles.

The impact of negative social environmental events on the market value of supply chain partners

The present work analyzes the impact of negative social / environmental events on the market value of supply chain partners. The study offers a contextualized discussion around important concepts which are largely employed on the Operations Management and Management literature in general. Among them, the developments of the literature around supply chains, supply chain management, corporate social responsibility, sustainable development and sustainable supply chain management are particularly addressed, beyond the links they share with competitive advantage. As for the theoretical bases, the study rests on the Stakeholder Theory, on the discussion of the efficient-market hypothesis and on the discussion of the adjustment of stock prices to new information. In face of such literature review negative social / environmental events are then hypothesized as causing negative impact in the market value of supply chain partners. Through the documental analysis of publicly available information around 15 different cases (i.e. 15 events), 82 supply chain partners were identified. Event studies for seven different event windows were conducted on the variation of the stock price of each supply chain partner, valuing the market reaction to the stock price of a firm due to triggering events occurred in another. The results show that, in general, the market value of supply chain partners was not penalized in response to such announcements. In that sense, the hypothesis derived from the literature review is not confirmed. Beyond that, the study also provides a critical description of the 15 cases, identifying the companies that have originated such events and their supply chain partners involved.

Efeito imediato da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular seletiva do músculo VMO em pacientes com síndrome da dor femoropatelar

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is described as anterior or retropatellar pain knee in the absence of other pathologies and is frequently associated with dysfunction of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO). However, several studies have demonstrated the inability to selectively activate this muscle through exercise. To evaluate the effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) selective VMO in women with syndrome. We evaluated thirty-eight women: twenty in the control group (24.15 ± 2.60 years) and eighteen diagnosed with PFPS (25.56 ± 3.55 years). Both groups were evaluated before and after a protocol of electro stimulation. To measure for comparing groups before and after treatment, we assessed the extensor torque concentric and eccentric knee through an isokinetic dynamometer, the intensity (Root Mean Square - RMS) and the onset of activation (onset) of VMO compared to the vastus lateralis (VL) in two types of exercise: open and closed kinetic chain. . Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Our data showed an increase in the intensity of activation (RMS) of the VMO muscle after NMES in both study groups. During concentric contraction the RMS of the VMO before the NMES was 105.69 ± 32.26 μV and after a single intervention was 122.10 ± 39.62 μV (p = 0.048) for the control group. In the group with PPS, we found a similar behavior, with RMS of the VMO before NMES of 96.25 ± 18.83 μV and 139.80 ± 65.88 μV after the intervention (p = 0.0001). However, there was no evidence in the RMS value of VL muscle. The onset was calculated by subtracting the onset of VL by the onset of VMO. For the group with PFPS, the onset before the intervention was -0.007 ± 0.14 ms, indicating a delay of the VMO relative to VL, and after NMES was 0.074 ± 0.09 ms (p = 0.016), showing an activation previous VMO to VL. The same occurred for the control group. We also observed that NMES increased knee extensor power during the concentric contraction in both groups. Before the intervention the mean power was 28.97 ± 9.01 W for the PPS group and after NMES was 34.38 ± 7.61 W (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed an increase in electromyographic activity of the VMO and also an anticipatory effect of this muscle

Inibidor da ação do etileno na conservação pós-colheita de Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon

A durabilidade e a qualidade pós-colheita de flores de corte são atributos fundamentais na sua valoração ao longo da cadeia produtiva e na satisfação dos consumidores. Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, verificar o efeito do tiossulfato de prata, associado ou não à sacarose, na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de hastes de crisântemos (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon) . O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial testando soluções de manutenção com tiossulfato de prata (STS), sob cinco níveis (Água destilada; STS a 0,2 mM; STS a 0,2 mM + sacarose a 50 g L-1; STS a 0,4 mM; STS a 0,4 mM + sacarose a 50 g L-1); e data de amostragem, por três níveis (0; 3; 6 dias). Utilizaram-se três repetições com duas hastes florais em cada tratamento. Foram feitas avaliações físicas: coloração, massa fresca e conteúdo relativo de água (CRA); avaliações químicas: açúcares redutores e pigmentos; e avaliações qualitativas: turgescência, cor das flores, e número de botões, flores entreabertas e abertas. O tratamento com 0,2 mM de STS possibilitou melhor manutenção da massa fresca das hastes. A concentração de pigmentos e carboidratos redutores foi maior naqueles tratamentos em que a sacarose foi associada. A coloração e o conteúdo relativo de água foram favorecidos nos tratamentos STS a 0,2 e 0,4mM. A concentração de 0,2 mM de STS foi a que obteve os melhores resultados, prolongando a vida de vaso das hastes. A qualidade das hastes foi superior, tendo as melhores avaliações de conteúdo de água, cor e turgescência.

Chromophore relaxation in a side-chain methacrylate copolymer functionalized with 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]amino-2 '-chloro-4 '-nitroazobenzene

A side-chain methacrylate copolymer functionalized with the nonlinear optical chromophore 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]amino-2'-chloro-4'-nitroazobenzene, disperse red-13, was prepared and characterized. The chromophore relaxation was investigated measuring the decay of the electrooptic coefficient r(13) and the complex dielectric constant at different temperatures. Results obtained below and above T-g were analyzed using the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts(KWW) equation, through the study of the temperature dependence of the KWW parameters. Above T-g the relaxation time experimental data were fitted to the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation and its parameters determined. Chromophore relaxation leading to the decrease of electrooptic properties was found associated with a primary alpha relaxation. The obtained WLF equation parameters were introduced into the Adam-Gibbs-Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan equation, and the overall relaxation time temperature dependence was successfully obtained in terms of the fictive temperature, accounting for the sample thermal treatment and allowing optimized thermal treatment to be found. The copolymer KWW stretching parameter at the glass transition temperature lies close to the limit value for short-range interactions, i.e., 0.6, suggesting that the chromophore group is participating in primary a relaxation.

Economia dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros no estado do Amapá: sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento endógeno

O extrativismo vegetal, baseado na exploração sustentável dos produtos florestais não madeireiros é uma das alternativas mais consistentes ecologicamente, no que tange a Conservação da biodiversidade e cobertura natural da Floresta Amazônica. Mas, há problemas sistêmicos que não têm deixado este segmento desenvolver-se de forma satisfatória. O vazamento da economia regional dos produtos extrativistas da Amazônia é uma variável que contribui para o baixo nível de desenvolvimento social e econômico da região. É imperativo que sejam realizadas análises econômicas sobre as possibilidades desse novo modelo A solução provisória para esta área foi estabelecida em 1841, com a definição do espaço entre os rios Oiapoque e Araguari como “Área do Contestado”. Ficou definido então, que a gestão da referida área seria feita de forma compartilhada entre os dois Países. A questão da disputa entre Brasil e França pelas terras do Amapá, só se resolveu definitivamente com a intermediação do presidente suíço Walter Hauser, que em 1o de dezembro de 1900, através do protocolo conhecido como “Laudo Suíço”, concedeu a referida área ao Brasil. de desenvolvimento, apoiado nas bases de um capitalismo contemporâneo, que tem procurado aprimorar os mecanismos econômicos de inclusão social de variáveis ambientais como elementos endógenos do sistema produtivo na Amazônia. O Amapá é o estado brasileiro mais preservado (97% de sua cobertura florestal original) e possui 72% do território como áreas protegidas. Este trabalho pretende identificar o nível de contribuição que os produtos não-madeireiros, extraídos nas florestas por populações tradicionais têm na economia do Amapá. Como método central de análise, foi utilizado o modelo de matriz insumo-produto desenvolvido por Wassily Leontief. Este procedimento analítico tem relevante destaque como instrumento prático de análise e planejamento econômico. Além das análises de programação do crescimento econômico setorial, é adequado para estimar, mediante os efeitos multiplicadores, os impactos do crescimento econômico na produção trabalho e renda setorial de toda a economia. O objeto central do trabalho são as análises estruturais dos arranjos produtivos locais dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros do estado do Amapá, em níveis regional e local. O método desenvolvido pelo Francisco de Assis Costa (Contas Sociais Ascendentes Alfa - CS_) foi usado na construção das matrízes, tendo como base os procedimentos analíticos ascendentes de agregação progressiva dos dados locais O setor extrativista dos produtos florestais não -madeireiros do estado do Amapá, com um PIB de R$ 204 milhões no ano de 2009 tem uma participação pequena, com somente 3,07% das riquezas produzidas no estado. Todavia, quando é observado que 86,77% do valor total do PIB (6,65 bilhões de reais) é decorrente de atividades do Setor Terciário e que todo o Setor Produtivo (Primário e Secundário), tem participação de apenas 13,24%, conclui-se que o valor da produção dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros é bem significativo no estado do Amapá.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto em vacas da raça pardo-suiça utilizando amostrador de Gibbs

Registros de 2.981 lactações de vacas da raça Pardo-Suiça, distribuídas em 62 rebanhos, com parições nos anos de 1980 a 2002, foram utilizados para verificar a influência de fatores genéticos e não genéticos, sobre a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto. O modelo empregado incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho, ano e estação de parto, além dos efeitos aleatórios de animal e ambiente temporário. Para a produção de leite, além dos efeitos fixos descritos anteriormente, incluíram-se também os efeitos linear da duração da lactação e linear e quadrático da idade da vaca ao parto, como co-variáveis. Na estimação dos componentes de (co) variâncias foi utilizada a inferência Bayesiana por meio de amostrador de Gibbs, com tamanho de cadeia de 1.500.000 rounds e período de queima 500.000 rounds. A frequência de amostragem foi de 500 rounds. As médias estimadas para produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto foram iguais a 5347,47 1849,13 kg e 29,65 4,51 meses, respectivamente. Os efeitos de rebanho, ano de parto e duração da lactação, influenciaram significativamente a produção de leite (P< 0,01). A idade ao primeiro parto foi influenciada pelos efeitos de rebanho, ano de parto (P<0,01), além do efeito de estação de parto (P<0,05). As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas para a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto foram iguais a 0,23 e 0,18, respectivamente. A correlação genética entre as duas foi igual a -0,31. A tendência genética e fenotípica, em função do reprodutor, para produção de leite foi de 1,09 kg e 115,34 kg de leite, respectivamente, para cada ano de produção. Para idade ao primeiro parto, os valores genéticos dos reprodutores tornaram-se negativos a partir de 1988, com redução aproximada de 0,05 meses a cada ano e fenotipicamente verificou-se uma redução de 32 para 28 meses de idade ao primeiro. Filhas de touros com alto valor genético para produção de leite tendem a apresentar crescimento mais acelerado ou maturidade fisiológica a uma idade mais precoce, diminuindo a idade ao primeiro parto.

Diversidade de helmintos de Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau 1855 (Pisces siluriformes) da foz do Rio Guamá e Baia do Guajará, Belém, Pará

Estudos em taxonomia descritiva de helmintos de peixes na Amazônia são relevantes, visto a grande diversidade de hospedeiros conhecidos. Este estudo visou analisar o parasitismo de Ageneiosus ucayalensis identificando e descrevendo novos helmintos, e referenciar novos hospedeiros para Espécies de helmintos conhecidos, utilizando como ferramentas microscopia de luz, eletrônica de varredura e biologia molecular. A. ucayalensis, peixe Siluriformes de água doce da América do Sul é uma Espécie pouco estudada, frente à sua importância na cadeia trófica de ambientes dulcícolas e de seu valor na composição da dieta alimentar de populações ribeirinhas amazônicas. Esses hospedeiros habitam a região da foz do rio Guamá e baía do Guajará e estão parasitados por helmintos dos Filos Plathyhemintes, Acanthocephala e Nematoda os quais foram aqui descritos pela primeira vez. Neste estudo foram descritas duas novas Espécies de Nematoda, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) belenensis e Cucullanus ageneiosus; novo hospedeiro e nova localidade de ocorrência foram descrita para Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus; além de formas larvais de nematóides das Famílias Anisakidae (Anisakis sp.), Cystidicolidae (Pseudoproleptus sp.) e Cucullanidae (Cucullanus sp.) como parasitos de A. ucayalensis. Do Filo Plathyhelmintes, a Classe Cestoda está representada por metacestódeos e adultos da Família Proteocephalidae. A Classe Monogenea está representada por helmintos da Família Dactylogiridae, Sub-Família Ancyrocephalinae e o Filo Acanthocephala por exemplares da Família Neoechinorhynchidae (Gênero Neoechinorhynchus). Assim, o estudo da helmintofauna de A. ucayalensis contribui com importantes dados para a biodiversidade de parasitos da região amazônica.

Correlation Between Trochlear Groove Depth and Patellar Position During Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Subjects With Anterior Knee Pain

The purpose of this study was to correlate the trochlear shape and patellar tilt angle and lateral patellar displacement at rest and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) exercises during open (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) in subjects with and without anterior knee pain. Subjects were all women, 20 who were clinically healthy and 19 diagnosed with anterior knee pain. All subjects were evaluated and subjected to magnetic resonance exams during OKC and CKC exercise with the knee placed at 15, 30, and 45 degrees of flexion. The parameters evaluated were sulcus angle, patellar tilt angle and patellar displacement using bisect offset. Pearson's r coefficient was used, with p < .05. Our results revealed in knee pain group during CKC and OKC at 15 degrees that the increase in the sulcus angle is associated with a tilt increase and patellar lateral displacement. Comparing sulcus angle, patellar tilt angle and bisect offset values between MVIC in OKC and CKC in the knee pain group, it was observed that patellar tilt angle increased in OKC only with the knee flexed at 30 degrees. Based on our results, we conclude that reduced trochlear depth is correlated with increased lateral patellar tilt and displacement during OKC and CKC at 15 degrees of flexion in people with anterior knee pain. By contrast, 30 degrees of knee flexion in CKC is more recommended in rehabilitation protocols because the patella was more stable than in other positions.

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the helical oxalate-bridged copper(II) chain {[(CH3)(4)N](2)[Cu(C2O4)(2)] center dot H2O}(n)

The preparation, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new oxalate-containing copper(II) chain of formula {[(CH3)(4)N](2)]Cu(C2O4)(2)] center dot H2O}(n) (1) [(CH3)(4)N+ = tetramethylammonium cation] are reported. The structure of 1 consists of anionic oxalate-bridged copper(II) chains, tetramethylammoniun cations and crystallization water molecules. Each copper(II) ion in 1 is surrounded by three oxalate ligands, one being bidentate and the other two exhibiting bis-bidenate coordination modes. Although all the tris-chelated copper(H) units from a given chain exhibit the same helicity, adjacent chains have opposite helicities and then an achiral structure results. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 show the occurrence of a weak ferromagnetic interaction through the oxalate bridge [J = +1.14(1)cm(-1), the Hamiltonian being defined as H = -J Sigma nm S-i . S-j]. This value is analyzed and discussed in the light of available magnetostructural data for oxalate-bridged copper(H) complexes with the same out-of-plane exchange pathway. (C) 2012 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XXII. CoRoT-16b: a hot Jupiter with a hint of eccentricity around a faint solar-like star

Aims. We report the discovery of CoRoT-16b, a low density hot jupiter that orbits a faint G5V star (mV = 15.63) in 5.3523 +/- 0.0002 days with slight eccentricity. A fit of the data with no a priori assumptions on the orbit leads to an eccentricity of 0.33 +/- 0.1. We discuss this value and also derive the mass and radius of the planet. Methods. We analyse the photometric transit curve of CoRoT-16 given by the CoRoT satellite, and radial velocity data from the HARPS and HIRES spectrometers. A combined analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to get the system parameters. Results. CoRoT-16b is a 0.535 -0.083/+0.085 M-J, 1.17 -0.14/+0.16 R-J hot Jupiter with a density of 0.44 -0.14/+0.21 g cm(-3). Despite its short orbital distance (0.0618 +/- 0.0015 AU) and the age of the parent star (6.73 +/- 2.8 Gyr), the planet orbit exhibits significantly non-zero eccentricity. This is very uncommon for this type of objects as tidal effects tend to circularise the orbit. This value is discussed taking into account the characteristics of the star and the observation accuracy.

Determination of decimal reduction time (D value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes

Abstract Background Prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, D-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facility should be determined. Methods The D-value was determined by inoculating 100 mL of disinfecting solution with 1 mL of a bacterial suspension (104 – 105 CFU/mL for vegetative and spore forms). At regular intervals, 1 mL aliquots of this mixture were transferred to 8 mL of growth media containing a neutralizing agent, and incubated at optimal conditions for the microorganism. Results The highest D-values for various bacteria were determined for the following solutions: (i) 0.1% sodium dichloroisocyanurate (pH 7.0) – E. coli and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.9 min); (ii) sodium hypochlorite (pH 7.0) at 0.025% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 24 min), E. coli and E. cloacae (D = 7.5 min); at 0.05% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.4 min) and E. coli (D = 6.1 min) and 0.1% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 3.5 min) and B. subtilis (D = 3.2 min); (iii) 2.0% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) – B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis (D = 25 min) and E. coli (D = 7.1 min); (iv) 0.5% formaldehyde (pH 6.5) – B. subtilis (D = 11.8 min), B. stearothermophilus (D = 10.9 min) and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.2 min); (v) 2.0% chlorhexidine (pH 6.2) – B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min), and at 0.4% for E. cloacae (D = 8.3 min); (vi) 1.0% Minncare® (peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, pH 2.3) – B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min) and E. coli (D = 6.7 min). Conclusions The suspension studies were an indication of the disinfectant efficacy on a surface. The data in this study reflect the formulations used and may vary from product to product. The expected effectiveness from the studied formulations showed that the tested agents can be recommended for surface disinfection as stated in present guidelines and emphasizes the importance and need to develop routine and novel programs to evaluate product utility.