Preparation and characterization of a novel macrocyclic ligand—dinitro-tetraazacyclotetradeca-tetraene—and application as a highly selective extractant for copper(II)

A novel tetraaza macrocyclic Schiff base ligand, 6,13-dinitro-5,7,12,14-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,5,7,-12-tetraene, was prepared and its copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes were characterized. This ligand was found to be an excellent extractant for copper(II).

Calibration of a solid-state copper ion-selective electrode in cupric ion buffers containing chloride

It is shown that near-Nernstian calibration slopes can be obtained with a Cu1.8Se electrode in a range of cupric ion buffers in spite of a high chloride content. Best results are obtained with the ligands ethylenediamine, glycine and histidine. The onset of cupric ion toxicity towards marine organisms falls within the pCu calibration range obtained with glycine, and the Cu1.8Se electrode could, therefore, be useful for monitoring cupric ion activity in bioassays in sea-water media.

N2O fluxes from the native and grazed semi-arid steppes and their driving factors in Inner Mongolia, China

This paper presents results of 2 years (from January 2005 to December 2006) of measurement of N2O fluxes from the native and grazed Leymus chinensis (LC) steppes in Inner Mongolia, China using the static opaque chamber method. The measurement was at a frequency of twice per month in the growing season and once per month in the non-growing season. In addition, the possible effect of water-heat factors on N2O fluxes was statistically analyzed. The results indicated that there were distinct seasonal patterns in N2O fluxes with large fluxes in spring, summer, and autumn but negative fluxes in winter. The annual net emission of N2O ranging from 0.24 to 0.30 kg N2O-N ha(-1) and from 0.06 to 0.26 kg N2O-N ha(-1) from the native and grazed LC steppe, respectively. Grazing activities suppressed N2O production. In the growing season, soil moisture was the primary driving factor of N2O fluxes. The high seasonal variation of N2O fluxes was regulated by the distribution of effective rainfall, rather than precipitation intensity. Air temperature or soil temperature at 0, 5, and 10 cm depth was the most restricting factor of N2O fluxes in the non-growing season.

An Efficient Ullmann-Type C-O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)-Bipyridyl Complex

An efficient O-arylation of phenols and aliphatic alcohols with aryl halides was developed that uses an air-stable copper(I) complex as the catalyst. This arylation reaction can be performed in good yield in the absence of Cs2CO3. A variety of functional groups are compatible with these reaction conditions with low catalyst loading levels.

Influence of gate dielectrics on charge transport in copper phthalocyanine thin-film transistors

Copper phthalocyanine organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated with top-gate geometry and the effects of different gate dielectrics on the transport proper-ties in OTFTs were studied. The mobility was found to be gate voltage dependent and the results showed that besides the charge density in the accumulation layer, the energetic disorder induced by gate dielectrics played an important role in determining the field-effect mobility in OTFTs.

Fabrication of an integrated pixel with an organic light-emitting diode driven by copper phthalocyanine organic thin film transistors

An organic integrated pixel with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) driven by organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is fabricated by a greatly simplified processing. The OTFTs are based on copper phthalocyanine as the active medium and fabricated on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass with top-gate structure, thus an organic integrated pixel is easily made by integrating OLED with OTFT. The OTFTs show field-effect mobility of 0.4 cm(2) /Vs and on/off ratio of 10(3) order. The OLED is driven well and emits the brightness as large as 2100cd/m(2) at a current density of 14.6 mu A/cm(2) at -19.7 V gate voltage. This simple device structure is promising in the future large-area flexible OLED displays.

A copper/p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene/phenanthroline supramolecular compound with 1D [Cu-2-calixarene](n) coordination chains

A supramolecular complex [Cu(phen)(2)H2O]{[Cu(phen)(H2O)](2)[C6AS]}center dot 2.5H(2)O (phen = 1,10'-phenanthroline and C6AS = p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene) has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition, and characterized by IR spectroscopy, TG analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the structure, unprecedented 1D ({[Cu(phen)(H2O)](2)[C(6)AS]}(2-))(n) coordination chains (exactly being belts) are stacked into some 2D layers by the pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking interactions, which are further interconnected into a 3D extended structure by hydrogen bonding.

Weak Epitaxy Growth of Copper Hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) on p-Sexiphenyl Monolayer Film

Weak epitaxy growth (WEG) behavior and mechanism of copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) on p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) monolayer film were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), selected area electron diffraction (SEAD), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). High-quality F16CuPc films with high order, large size, and molecular-level smoothness were obtained successfully by WEG method. It was identified that there exists incommensurate epitaxial relation between highly oriented F16CuPc and p-6P films. The geometrical channels of p-6P monolayer surface induce the nucleation and growth of F16CuPc molecules.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Aryl Bromides To Form Intermolecular and Intramolecular Carbon-Oxygen Bonds

A highly efficient Cu-catalyzed C-O bond-forming reaction of alcohol and aryl bromides has been developed. This transformation was realized through the use of copper(I) iodide as a catalyst, 8-hydroxyquinoline as a ligand, and K3PO4 as a base. A variety of functionalized substrates were found to react under these reaction conditions to provide products in good to excellent yields.

Localization of Na+-K+ ATPases in Quasi-Native Cell Membranes

Na+-K+ ATPases have been observed and located by in situ AFM and single molecule recognition technique, topography and recognition imaging (TREC) that is a unique technique to specifically identify single protein in complex during AFM imaging. Na+-K+ ATPases were well distributed in the inner leaflet of cell membranes with about 10% aggregations in total recognized proteins. The height of Na+-K+ ATPases measured by AFM is in the range of 12-14 nm, which is very consistent with the cryoelectron microscopy result. The unbinding force between Na+-K+ ATPases in the membrane and anti-ATPases on the AFM tip is about 80 pN with the apparent loading rate at 40 nN/s.

Selective oxidation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of copper pyrophosphate

Liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane was carried out under mild reaction condition over copper pyrophosphate catalyst in CH3CN using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant at the temperature between 25 and 80 degrees C. The copper pyrophosphate catalyst was characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR and water contact angle measurement. It was found that appropriate surface hydrophobicity is the key factor for the excellent performance of the catalyst. In addition, a significant improvement for the cyclohexane conversion in the presence of organic acid was observed.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New 3D Copper B-Paradodecatungstate Compound: [Na-2(H2O)(8)][Na-8(H2O)(20)][Cu(en)(2)][W12O42] center dot 3H(2)O

A new polyoxotungstate complex [Na-2(H2O)(8)][Na-8(H2O)(20)][Cu(en)(2)][W12O42] center dot 3 H2O (1) (en = ethylenediamine) has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and TG analysis, together with a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. In compound 1, the Cu(en)(2)(2+) complex cation links the [W12O42](12-) anions to form a I D chain, and the ID chains are further interconnected with Na-8(H2O)(20)(8+) and Na-2(H2O)(8)(2+) cations to construct a new 3D framework.

Self-Assembly from Two-Dimensional Layered Networks to Tetranuclear Structures: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Four Copper-Thiacalix[4]arene Compounds

Two new copper-thiacalix[4]arene compounds, [Cu-2(1)-Cl-2(H(4)TC4A)](CH3OH) (1) and [Cu(I)2Cl(2)(H(4)PTC4A)](CH3OH)(CHCl3)(0.5) (2) (where H(4)TC4A = p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene and H(4)PTC4A = p-phenylthiacalix[4]arene), were synthesized by the solvothermal method in the mixed CH3OH/CHCl3 (1: 1) solvent and reassembled in air at room temperature to two other structures, [(Cu4Cl3)-Cl-II(HCO2)(TC4A)(CH3-OH)(2)(H2O)](CHCl3)(CH3OH)(2.7) (3) and [(Cu4Cl4)-Cl-II(PTC4A)(CH3OH)(4)] (4), respectively. All these four compounds were characterized by TG analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 feature two-dimensional layered networks, while compounds 3 and 4 are assembled by some tetranuclear units.

Constructing mixed-metal coordination polymers from copper(II)-pyridinedicarboxylate metalloligands

In the mixed-metal complex catena-poly[bis[diaquasilver(I)] [bis[aquacopper(II)]-mu(3)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato-2': 1: 1'kappa N-5,O-2: O-5: O-5, O-5'-mu-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato-2: 1 kappa(4) N, O-2: O-5, O-5'-disilver(I)-mu(3)-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato-1: 1': 2 '' kappa(5) O-5, O-5': O-5: N, O-2-mu pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato-1': 20 ''kappa(4) O-5, O-5': N, O-2] hexahydrate], {[Ag(H2O)(2)][AgCu(C7H3NO4)(2)(H2O)] center dot 3H(2)O}(n), a square-pyramidal Cu-II center is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from two pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate (2,5-pydc) ligands and a water molecule, forming a [Cu(2,5-pydc)(2)-( H2O)](2-) metalloligand. One Ag I center is coordinated by five O atoms from three 2,5-pydc ligands and, as a result, the [Cu(2,5-pydc)(2)(H2O)](2-) metalloligands act as linkers in a unique mu(3)-mode connecting Ag-I centers into a one-dimensional anionic double chain along the [101] direction.