899 resultados para mother to child transmission
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Modelos teóricos inspirados na teoria da história de vida têm avaliado padrões de reprodução humanos em países desenvolvidos, com resultados ainda não conclusivos. Em vista das condições de vida na população brasileira, foram investigadas relações entre marcos da carreira reprodutiva feminina, condições ambientais e variáveis psicossociais relacionadas às condições de criação. Foram entrevistadas 606 mulheres em seis estados. Os resultados apóiam a teoria da história de vida, mostrando associações entre condições de vida na infância e início da vida sexual e da reprodução, mas não com a idade da menarca. Sugerimos que diferentes marcadores da vida reprodutiva podem estar sob controle de diferentes fenômenos e que a diversidade de condições da população brasileira oferece contextos alternativos para testar hipóteses.
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Esta tese refere-se ao uso de modelos de attachment de lideres (Leader Progression Model – LPM) para estimativa da distancia de salto, que, junto com dados de densidade de raios como coletado pelo sistema de detecção de raios do SIPAM, são usados para estimar a taxa de flashover em linhas de transmissão de eletricidade na Amazônia. O modelo de progressão de líder desenvolvido nesta tese é denominado ModSalto, que, para estimar a distancia de salto: 1- integra a densidade linear de cargas elétricas devida ao líder, proporcional a prospectiva corrente de primeira descarga (1º stroke) Ip, para determinar o campo elétrico produzido pelo líder descendente na estrutura sob estudo (para-raios, arestas, condutores, etc.); 2 – integra a distribuição imagem do líder descendente, fazendo uso da característica de poder das pontas como fator de estimulo e intensificação do campo elétrico devido a streamers nas partes aguçadas das estruturas sob estudo, para temporizar o momento do processo de attachment. O gatilho para o líder descendente, por hipótese, se deve a ejeção aleatória de pacotes de cargas elétricas em domínios turbulentos no interior das nuvens que recebem energia por processos de cascata da turbulência geral, e o comportamento do líder descendente, deve obedecer à equação da força de Lorentz, no espaço de campos cruzados elétrico devido às nuvens a cima e o campo magnético da Terra, que obriga as cargas do líder a desenvolverem movimentos cicloidais que podem explicar a natureza tortuosa do trajeto do líder descendente. Com o objetivo de formalizar dados consistentes de densidade de raios é feita uma reanalise do conjunto de dados coletado pelo LLS SIPAM de outubro de 2006 a julho de 2008 na região amazônica, com cerca de 3 milhões de eventos, comparando-os com dados de torres instrumentadas para evidenciar-se sua qualidade e usabilidade. Dados de elevação de terreno do SRTM da NASA são usados para gerar formula do raio de atração (Ra) das estruturas passiveis de serem atingidas por raios e para gerar formulas de área de atração, usadas para quantificar o numero de raios que provavelmente atingirão determinada estrutura, baseado no valor de densidade de raios (raios/km2/ano) na área em estudo.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os conhecimentos e práticas relacionados à vigilância do desenvolvimento da criança de 160 profissionais que atuam na atenção primária à saúde, no Município de Belém, Pará. Foram selecionados 40 médicos e 40 enfermeiros de Unidades Municipais de Saúde (UMS), e 40 médicos e 40 enfermeiros do Programa da Família Saudável (PFS). Na avaliação dos conhecimentos por meio da aplicação de teste objetivo, o percentual de acerto foi de 63,7% para médicos das UMSs, 57,3% para médicos do PFS, 62,1% para os enfermeiros do PFS e 54,3% para enfermeiros das UMSs. Na avaliação das práticas, apenas 21,8% das mães informaram que foram indagadas sobre o desenvolvimento dos seus filhos, 27,6% que o profissional perguntou ou observou o desenvolvimento da sua criança e 14,4% que receberam orientação sobre como estimulá-las. Concluímos que médicos e enfermeiros da atenção primária no Município de Belém apresentam deficiências nos conhecimentos sobre desenvolvimento infantil e que a vigilância do desenvolvimento não é realizada de forma satisfatória, sendo necessárias sensibilização e capacitação dos profissionais para esta prática.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Production processes for preparing pharmaceutical compositions containing new molecules capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, thus being useful in the treatment of pathologies associated to cholinergic transmission, such as memory related disorders, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Miastenia Gravis or in the treatment of intoxications induced by chemical agents of central action.
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This study, of theoretical nature, aims to analyse some propositions of Historic and Cultural psychology about human psyche, especially regarding the constitution of affective processes in relation to child development. Therefore, brings together some principles of Spinozist philosophy that underlie the Vigotskian thought about affections and postulates that, for this school of psychology, on the basis of human development are the social experience and subject-object relation, constitutive of cognitive and affective processes. The analyses developed over the text indicate that social mediators - signs and instruments - subsidize the formation of activity and consciousness in a process that legitimizes the historic and social origin of affective functions. The paper aims to highlight the role of education as a privileged place of access to knowledge capable of transforming ways of thinking, feeling and acting of children through the processes of teaching and learning.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This paper seeks to relate issues to the formation of the reader and school routines that directly interfere in the way responsible for the mediation work there included the act of reading, and also reflect on the pedagogical implications arising therefrom. The resumption of data generated in research developed in the years 2007 to 2010 shows that both the classroom as the school library has been constituted as ambiance suitable for training the child reader. Theoretical and methodological concepts related to child development in the act of reading is presented by discussing access to books and children’s literature led to the formation of the child reader, linking them to the old and new reading technologies.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Seeking new ways to be used in the process of teaching and learning, he turned a look at alternative lines of research, going to value the arts in education, and inside, there has been a major focus of the relationship to both the theater and education. Currently, the theater has been the subject of research in education and has been also widely used as an educational resource, and its adoption by professionals is based on studies showing the contributions of the theater to child development. The theater, while playing, artistic expression and involves imagination, creation and sociability.This paper presents child development in all its phases, the importance of games, especially the symbolic games, during this process, through the perspective of Jean Piaget, a brief history of the theater within the education and the contributions actuallyits use as methodology of teaching and learning brings to children's development of the early years of elementary school, bringing the discussion as teachers' perception about the real possibility of its use in schools as a way of teaching and learning. This research aimed to understand the dialogic relationship between theater and basic education, emphasizing its most striking features, emphasize its presence in the teaching and learning in basic education, focusing on the early years of primary education; see how the skills developed with drama can help develop cognitive, psychological, social and moral development of children, performing an initial survey on the possibilities of using the theater within the lesson plans for teachers in the first grade of elementary school and learn the opinions of professional education on theresearch subject, being held with four teachers who teach in the first years of elementary education at a public school in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, ...(Complete abstract click electronic address below)
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The goal of this study was to apprehend conceptualizations and professional experiences concerning child maltreatment as reported by physicians and nurses working for the Family Health Strategy implemented in a medium-sized city in São Paulo state. It is a descriptive qualitative study in which 20 professionals were included and semi-structured taped interviews were used. The data obtained were analyzed according to the Collective Subject Discourse and systematized into five themes: Conceptualizations of child maltreatment; Professional training to work in this field; Professional experiences related to such aggravations; Difficult and easy aspects faced during care provision to child maltreatment in the Family Health Strategy; Proposals to promote child safety. It was concluded that care provision to such aggravation types by family health units is configured as an important strategy to promote child safety and support families in relation to this issue. However, it was observed that, in order to qualify professionals for such care provision, it is necessary to invest in continuing education for the multiprofessional team. Also, municipal policies concerning care provision to child abuse, particularly in the organization of integrated work of the health care, education, social welfare and justice sectors must be urgently established by actively including the general society in such process
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This research is the result of a senior research project and longed to verify if the ways of child‘s participation in orality in classroom and the literacy events related to reading would make possible to child construct a discursive relation with the writing. Besides it investigated the conception of 20 teachers from second year from primary school about orality and literacy and also identifies which theory purposes could be discerned in one of these teachers exercise. The methodology used was the qualitative approach, with exploratory- descriptive character, and based in system of references methodological of bibliographic research and collecting of facts research. The corpus of this research constituted in deflagrate element that stimulated the search for methodology answers which could clear the possible essence of set of problems evidenced. The results indicated that the ignorance of some basic conceptions that imbricate in teaching Portuguese language, principally in orality development, reading of writing by some individuals was alarming component parts, since many of them mediate the teachinglearning process of numberless individuals. Considering that orality and literacy play fundamental function in social interactions, this research has the intention to contribute for teacher‘s continuous formation, just as help them in development of students‘ linguistic competences, and elucidate them about the importance of literacy, besides to make public the more recently theoretical subsidies about this subject
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS