Crenças de mães e professoras sobre o desenvolvimento da criança

Estudos têm revelado uma ligação entre a maneira como os adultos pensam e as formas como eles se relacionam com as crianças. Este estudo objetivou levantar as crenças de mães e professoras sobre o desenvolvimento da criança que freqüenta o ambiente de creche e identificar se as crenças se dirigem para as características de competências ou de disfunções. Participaram deste estudo 28 adultos (16 mães e 12 professoras). Para coletar os dados utilizou-se o grupo focal e para interpretá-los a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que as participantes possuem a mesma crença (ambientalista) sobre desenvolvimento, mas têm concepções diferentes quanto à direção em que o contexto familiar e/ ou da creche influencia no desenvolvimento. A análise indica que a formação inicial e continuada das profissionais precisa contemplar aspectos específicos do desenvolvimento infantil para que crenças mais adequadas sejam construídas e compartilhadas com as famílias de crianças que frequentam ambientes coletivos.

Ensaios estereológicos e morfologia tridimensional na formação hipocampal de aves migratórias marinhas: análise quantitativa da imunomarcação seletiva de neurônios e micróglia em Calidris pusilla e Actitis macularia

É objetivo do presente trabalho implantar como modelos para estudo da formação hipocampal das aves migratórias as espécies de maçarico Calidris pusilla e Actitis macularia que abandonam as regiões geladas do Canadá, fugindo do inverno, em direção à costa da América do Sul e do Caribe onde permanecem até a primavera quando então retornam ao hemisfério norte. Mais especificamente pretende-se descrever a organização morfológica qualitativa e quantitativa da formação hipocampal, empregando citoarquitetonia com cresil violeta e imunomarcação para neurônios e células da glia, sucedidas por estimativas estereológicas do número total de células identificadas com marcadores seletivos para aquelas células, assim como comparar a morfologia tridimensional da micróglia das aves com a dos mamíferos. As coletas de campo para a caracterização da formação hipocampal do Calidris pusilla e Actitis macularia em seus aspectos morfológicos foram feitas no Brasil na Ilha Canelas (0°47'21.95"S e 46°43'7.34"W) na Costa da Região Nordeste do Pará no município de Bragança, e no Canadá, na Baia de Fundy perto de Johnson's Mills na cidade de New Brunswick (45°50'19.3" N 64°31'5.39" W). A definição dos limites da formação hipocampal foi feita empregando-se as técnicas de Nissl e de imunomarcação para NeuN. Para a definição dos objetos de interesse das estimativas estereológicas e das reconstruções tridimensionais empregou-se imunomarcação com anticorpo anti-NeuN para neurônios e anti-IBA- 1 para micróglia. As estimativas estereológicas revelaram em média número similar de neurônios nas duas espécies enquanto que no hipocampo de Actitis macularia observou-se número de micróglias 37% maior do que no de Calidris pusilla. Além disso, encontrou-se que em média o volume da formação hipocampal do Actitis macularia é 38% maior do que o encontrado em Calidris pusilla. Os estudos comparativos da morfologia microglial das duas espécies de aves com a dos mamíferos Rattus novergicus e Cebus apella revelaram diferenças morfológicas significantes que indicam que as micróglias das aves mostram em média, menor complexidade (dimensão fractal), tem diâmetros e perímetros de soma menores e possuem ramos mais finos do que aquelas do rato e do macaco.

Variabilidade espacial da emissão de CO2 e sua relação com propriedades do solo em área de cana-de-açúcar no Sudeste do Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Preparação e caracterização estrutural de aerogéis de sílica com diferentes concentrações de F127

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do comportamento de superfícies de fratura por fractais mistos em materiais de diferentes classes

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Spatial variability structure of soil CO2 emission and soil attributes in a sugarcane area

Soil CO2 emission (F-CO2) is influenced by chemical, physical and biological factors that affect the production of CO2 in the soil and its transport to the atmosphere. F-CO2 varies in time and space depending on environmental conditions, including the management of the agricultural area. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 and soil attributes in a mechanically harvested sugarcane area (green harvest) using fractal dimension (D-F) derived from isotropic variograms at different scales (fractograms). F-CO2 showed an overall average of 1.51 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) and correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with soil physical attributes, such as soil bulk density, air-filled pore space, macroporosity and microporosity. Topologically significant DF values were obtained from the characterization of F-CO2 at medium and large scales (above 20 m), with values of 2.92 and 2.90, respectively. The variations in D-F with scales indicate that the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 was similar to that observed for soil temperature and total pore volume and was the inverse of that observed for other soil attributes, such as soil moisture, soil bulk density, microporosity, air-filled pore space, silt and clay content, pH, available phosphorus and the sum of bases. Thus, the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 presented a significant relationship with the spatial variability structure for most soil attributes, indicating the possibility of using fractograms as a tool to better describe the spatial dependence of variables along the scale. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure of Hydrophobic Ambient-Pressure-Dried Aerogels Prepared by Sonohydrolysis of Tetraethoxysilane with Additions of N,N-Dimethylformamide

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing in Patients With COPD: Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pursed-lip breathing (PLB) on cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while at rest. Methods: Thirty-two individuals were allocated to one of two groups: COPD (n = 17; 67.29 +/- 6.87 years of age) and control (n = 15; 63.2 +/- 7.96 years of age). The groups were submitted to a two-stage experimental protocol. The first stage consisted of the characterization of the sample and spirometry. The second stage comprised the analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation through the recording of R-R intervals. This analysis was performed using both nonlinear and linear heart rate variability (HRV). In the statistical analysis, the level of significance was set to 5% (p = 0.05). Results: PLB promoted significant increases in the SD1, SD2, RMSSD and LF (ms(2)) indices as well as an increase in alpha(1) and a reduction in alpha(2) in the COPD group. A greater dispersion of points on the Poincare plots was also observed. The magnitude of the changes produced by PLB differed between groups. Conclusion: PLB led to a loss of fractal correlation properties of heart rate in the direction of linearity in patients with COPD as well as an increase in vagal activity and impact on the spectral analysis. The difference in the magnitude of the changes produced by PLB between groups may be related to the presence of the disease and alterations in the respiration rate.

Vocal complaint in physical education teachers and its association with the cardiovascular system

Background: We examined the vocal complaints and evaluated the correlation between the vocal handicap index (VHI) and heart rate variability (HRV) in physical education teachers. We evaluated 46 teachers. Method: The subjects were investigated regarding voice complaint and the VHI was applied. HRV was recorded at seated rest for ten minutes and it was analyzed in the time, frequency domains, geometric indices and fractal exponents. The three domains of the VHI were correlated with the indices of HRV. Results: The physical education teachers presented a VHI score much below the standard of the physiological normality. There was correlation of the organic domain of the VHI with the NN50 and pNN50 and correlation of the functional domain and organic domain of the VHI with the HF index of HRV. Conclusion: The physical education teachers evaluated reported vocal complaints that affected their function and it is suggested to be related with the cardiac autonomic regulation.

Contribuição à caracterização nanoestrutural por saxs de sonogéis de sílica obtidos por processo sol-gel

As características estruturais de sonogéis obtidos a partir da hidrólise ácida do TEOS estimulada por ultrasom foram estudadas por espalhamento de raios-x a baixo ângulo (SAXS). O estudo inclui: i) o processo de agregação em diferentes temperaturas; ii) o envelhecimento dos géis úmidos na fase líquida de preparação e depois da troca da fase líquida por álcool e acetona; iii) a secagem dos géis; iv) a estrutural evolução de xerogéis e aerogéis com o tratamento térmico até 1100 oC; e v) um estudo comparativo usando SAXS e adsorção de nitrogênio na caracterização de aerogéis e xerogéis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

On the contact stiffness and nonlinear vibration of an elastic body with a rough surface in contact with a rigid flat surface

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The effects of habitat complexity and hydraulic conditions on the establishment of benthic stream macroalgae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicações clássicas da técnica de espalhamento de raios-x a baixo ângulo em materiais nanoestruturados

The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique has been used with very much versatility and success in the structural characterization of nanostructured materials. The present work deals with a study of the principles of the SAXS technique and of some classical models employed in the structural characterization of nanostructured materials. Particularly, the study of the models and of the associated methodologies is applied to a set of samples of silica gels, of varied typical structures, prepared in the Laboratório de Novos Materiais of the Departamento de Física of the IGCE. The work discusses in an introductory chapter the principles of the SAXS technique and the foundation of classical models often used in the structural characterization of materials. The classical models and the associated methodologies were applied to a variety of silica gel structures. The studies include: i) the scattering from a system of particles - Guinier's law; ii) the asymptotic scattering from a two-phase system - Porod's law; iii) systematic deviation from Porod's law - Surface Fractal; iv) heterogeneities in solids with random size distribution - DAB Model; and v) the scattering from mass fractal structures. The analyses were carried out from experimental SAXS data obtained in several opportunities at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS)

Propriedades estruturais de géis de sílica preparados com adições de dodecil sulfato de sódio

This work aims to study the structural characteristics of silica gels obtained from the acid hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in water solutions with different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The structural characteristics were studied in stages ranging from the wet gel to the dry stages of the gels (aerogels and xerogels). Aerogels were obtained by ambient pressure drying (APD) after silylation process using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as silylating agent. Xerogels were obtained by conventional evaporating the liquid phase from non silylated gels. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The structure of the wet gels and of the aerogels prepared with the surfactant exhibited characteristics of mass-fractal structures with fractal dimension D in the range 2.1-2.2 for the wet gels and 2.3-2.4 for the aerogels. The characteristic size  of the fractal domain reduces while the size a0 of the primary silica particle composing the fractal structure increases with the drying of the gels, in a process in which share of the porosity is eliminated. Aerogels exhibited typical values for the specific surface of 900 m2g-1 and of 3.5 cm3.g-1 for the total pore volume. These values are correspondingly comparable to those of the aerogels prepared by supercritical drying, since the silylation process replaces hydrophilic –OH groups by hydrophobic –Si-R3 ones, inhibiting the porosity elimination on drying. The silica particle size also increases lightly with the silylation because the attachment of the –Si-R3 groups on the silica surface. The pore size distribution curves of the aerogels are similar for all samples exhibiting a maximum in around 40 nm, independent the concentration of surfactant. This suggests that the characteristic size of 40 nm is due to the association of surfactant micelles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Fractografia quantitativa e o conceito de tenacidade à fratura para a análise do efeitodo choque térmicos em TiO2

The present study evaluated the use of semicircular bending test (SCB) as an alternative to conventional bending test to examine the effect of thermal shock. Still, studies the behavior of fracture surfaces generated by monofractal behavior analysis, which allows us to evaluate the contributions of the microstructure and the mechanical context in forming reliefs during the crack propagation. The fractal analysis is made from elevation maps obtained by reconstruction method by extension of the focus stacks of digital images acquired in microscope. The specimens used were samples semicircular pressed TiO2 (rutile) with and without heat shock, prepared for testing mode I loading. Were also produced, specimens in the form of bars for Weibull statistical analysis. From the three-point bending test, we found the variation of fracture toughness between the samples after the heat shock and natural condition. The SCB test was feasible for the analysis of thermal shock resistance. The results showed that the value of the fracture toughness decreases as the heat shock treatment