(A) BODIPY as a versatile fluorophore (B) Synthesis of PNAs via Staudinger reaction

(A) In recent years, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) fluorophores have attracted considerable interest due to their unique photochemical properties. However detailed studies on the stability of BODIPY and analogues under acidic and basic conditions have been lacking. Thus the stability of a series of BODIPY analogues in acidic (di- and trichloroacetic acid) and basic (aqueous ammonium hydroxide) conditions was investigated using 11B NMR spectroscopy. Among the analogues tested, 4,4-diphenyl BODIPY was the most stable under the conditions used in the experiments. It was found that reaction of 4,4-dimethoxy BODIPY with dichloroacetic acid gave mixed anhydride 4,4-bis(dichloroacetoxy) BODIPY in good yields. Treatment of the latter mixed anhydride with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol in the presence of a base afforded corresponding borate esters, whereas treatment with 1,2-diols such as ethylene glycol and catechol in the presence of a base gave corresponding cyclic borate esters. Furthermore treatment of 4,4-difluoro-8-methyl-BODIPY with secondary amines in dihalomethane resulted in carbon–carbon bond formation at the meso-methyl position of BODIPY via Mannich-type reactions. The resulting modified BODIPY fluorophores possess high fluorescent quantum yields. Five BODIPY analogues bearing potential ion-binding moieties were synthesized via this Mannich-type reaction. Among these, the BODIPY bearing an aza-18-crown-5 tether was found to be selective towards copper (II) ion, resulting in a large blue shift in absorption and sharp fluorescent quenching, whereas aza-15-crown-4 analogue was selected towards fluoride ion, leading to effective florescent quenching and blue shift. (B) Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), as mimics of natural nucleic acids, have been widely applied in molecular biology and biotechnology. Currently, the preparation of PNA oligomers is commonly achieved by a coupling reaction between carboxyl and amino groups in the presence of an activator. In this thesis attempts were made towards the synthesis of PNA through the Staudinger ligation reactions between C-terminal diphenylphosphinomethanethiol thioesters and N-terminal α-azido PNA building blocks.

Clendenan-Thompson family fonds

Daniel Clendenan (1793-1866) was the son of Abraham Clendenan, a private in Butler’s Rangers. He was married to Susan[na] [Albrecht ] Albright, daughter of Amos Albright. Daniel and Susan[na] had twelve children and belonged to the Disciple Church. In 1826 Daniel Clendenan purchased Part lot 14, Concession 6, Louth Township from Robert Roberts Loring. On this property he built a home and conducted the business of blacksmithing and along with William Jones operated a lumber mill. Volume 1 and the first part of Volume 2 are Daniel Clendenan’s account books. Daniel and his wife Susan are buried in the Vineland Mennonite cemetery. Daniel and Susan[na]’s youngest daughter, Sarah, married widower Andrew Thompson (1825-1901), son of Charles and grandson of Solomon. Andrew Thompson had settled in the Wainfleet area in 1854 and had owned a mill in Wellandport. Daniel Clendenan, in ill health, passed ownership of Lot 14, Concession 6, Louth Township to his son-in-law Andrew Thompson. Robert Roberts Loring, the original owner of lot 14, concession 6 in Louth was born in September of 1789 in England. He joined the 49th Regiment of Foot as an ensign in December of 1804 and arrived in Quebec the following July. He served with Isaac Brock and Roger Sheaffe. In 1806 he was promoted to lieutenant. Loring was hired by Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond and accompanied him to Ireland in 1811, but the outbreak of war in the States in 1812 drew Loring back to Canada. On June 26, 1812 Loring became a captain in the 104th Regiment of Foot. On October 29 of the same year, he was appointed aide-de-camp to Sheaffe who was the administrator of Upper Canada. During the American attack on York in April 1813, Loring suffered an injury to his right arm from which he never recovered. In December of 1813, Drummond assumed command of the forces in Upper Canada and he appointed Loring as his aide-de-camp, later civil secretary and eventually his personal secretary. Loring was with Drummond in 1813 at the capture of Fort Niagara (near Youngstown), N.Y. He was also with Drummond in the attacks on Fort Niagara, settlements along the American side of the Niagara River, and then York and Kingston. In July of 1814 he was promoted to brevet major, however he was captured at the Battle of Lundy’s Lane and he spent the remainder of the conflict in Cheshire, Massachusetts. One of his fellow captives was William Hamilton Merritt. Loring remained in the army and had numerous military posts in Canada and England. He retired in 1839 and lived the last of his years in Toronto. He died on April 1, 1848. Sources: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/loring_robert_roberts_7E.html and “Loring, Robert Roberts” by Robert Malcomson in The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812 edited by Spencer Tucker, James R. Arnold, Roberta Wiener, Paul G. Pierpaoli, John C. Fredriksen

Canadian National (CN) records, 1974-1989.

Canadian National Railway Company (CN) was incorporated in 1919 as a Crown Corporation. The company was formed during the period after World War I and integrated two of the country’s largest railroads, Canadian Northern and Grand Trunk. CN is the largest rail network in Canada and the only transcontinental network in North America. As the use of railways declined, CN diversified its activities during the 1970s, becoming involved in telecommunications , hotels and oil exploration. The next decade saw a period of financial stability, however, the 1990s were a period of decreased profitability. As part of a restructuring to alleviate the company’s financial difficulties , it was privatized in 1995.

Plan of part of the lands of the Six Nations Indians, January 26, 1833

A plan of part of the lands of the Six Nations Indians, dated January 26, 1833. A note on the plan reads “Part of the lands of the Six Nations Indians as surveyed by order of their Superintendent, John Brant, Esq. Dated at the Mohawk Village, the 29th day of April, 1831. Part of which was returned to the office of the Honourable, the Commissior of Crown Lands, on the 31st Oct. 1831, and now rendered more complete by a continuation of the survey under the same order in 1832, and by information obtained from private practice not connected with my official instructions all of which is most respectfully submitted to the inspection and for the information of His Majesty’s Government by Lewis Burwell, Surveyor”. The map shows the early loyalist land holdings in the Brantford area.

Metal Stamp - Lion

Round stamp 2 cm in diameter. This has the image of a lion within a crown holding a flower. The inscription underneath is "sans changer" which means constant or without change. The stamp is 1 cm thick and it has a 1 cm stem protruding from it.

Niagara United Empire Loyalists Ribbon

Niagara U.E. [United Empire] Loyalists ribbon marked 1784-1884. The ribbon has pictures of a crown and a beaver on it. The ribbon is slightly faded.

Novel Magnetic Materials Based on Macrocyclic Ligands: Towards High Relaxivity Contrast Agents and Mononuclear Single-Molecule Magnets

The preparation and characterization of coordination complexes of Schiff-base and crown ether macrocycles is presented, for application as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, Project 1; and single-molecule magnets (SMMs), Projects 2 and 3. In Project 1, a family of eight Mn(II) and Gd(III) complexes of N3X2 (X = NH, O) and N3O3 Schiff-base macrocycles were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential contrast agents for MRI. In vitro and in vivo (rodent) studies indicate that the studied complexes display efficient contrast behaviour, negligible toxicity, and rapid excretion. In Project 2, DyIII complexes of Schiff-base macrocycles were prepared with a view to developing a new family of mononuclear Ln-SMMs with pseudo-D5h geometries. Each complex displayed slow relaxation of magnetization, with magnetically-derived energy barriers in the range Ueff = 4 – 24 K. In Project 3, coordination complexes of selected later lanthanides with various crown ether ligands were synthesized. Two families of complexes were structurally and magnetically analyzed: ‘axial’ or sandwich-type complexes based on 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5; and ‘equatorial’ complexes based on 18-crown-6. Magnetic data are supported by ab initio calculations and luminescence measurements. Significantly, the first mononuclear Ln-SMM prepared from a crown ether ligand is described.

Letter to Mr. Lee who was clerk of the Heir Devisee Committee in Toronto from Samuel D. Woodruff

Letter to Mr. Lee who was clerk of the Heir Devisee Committee in Toronto from Samuel D. Woodruff. [The Heir and Devisee Committee was formed to clarify the titles to land of heirs of people who had been assigned Crown lands before 1795. Many of the original grantees had not taken out patents to confirm their legal right to the land.] This letter confirms that steps have been taken to issue the patent, July 19, 1847.

Letter - Thomas H. Johnson to Samuel D. Woodruff

Letter from Thomas H. Johnson, Assistant Commissioner of the Department of Crown Lands to Samuel D. Woodruff acknowledging receipt of payment for lumber lands no. 192 and 198, Oct. 16, 1872.

Summons to Legislative Council of Upper Canada bestowed on William Dickson by George the Third, signed by the Attorney General

Summons to Legislative Council of Upper Canada bestowed on William Dickson by George the Third, signed by the Attorney General. The Crown Seal is faded, but intact, Nov. 16, 1815.

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Joseph Mills of the township of Grimsby

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Joseph Mills of the township of Grimsby, son of United Empire Loyalist John Mills, United Empire Loyalist. He was granted 200 acres in the 5th Concession in Windham in the County of Norfolk. This was registered in in Liber L, folio 387 on Feb. 14, 1803. The crown land seal is attached, but broken into small pieces, Nov. 25, 1802.

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Christian Myers of the Township of Cornwall

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Christian Myers of the Township of Cornwall, son of Michael Myers, United Empire Loyalist. He is granted 200 acres on Lot no. 18 in the 9th Concession in the Township of Mountain in the County of Dundas. This document is faded and part of the paper are missing or stained. Some of the text is affected. A small piece is missing from the crown land seal which is also faded. This was registered in Feb. 1803, Dec. 1, 1802

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Peter McCollum of the Township of Grimsby

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Peter McCollum of the Township of Grimsby, son of James McCollum, United Empire Loyalist. He was granted 200 acres in Lot no.12 in the 5th Concession in the Township of Scott in the County of Yorke. This was entered with the auditor on Nov. 17, 1809. There is a partial crown land seal attached to this document but it is broken, Nov. 16, 1809.

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Thomas Fraser of the Township of Edwardsburgh granted 1 acre in Lot no.9 in the County of Stormont

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Thomas Fraser of the Township of Edwardsburgh granted 1 acre in Lot no.9 in the County of Stormont. Signed by William Jarvis, Sir Isaac Brock, Prideaux Selby and John Macdonell. There are some holes in the document and there are small pieces missing on the right hand side. William Jarvis was the Provincial Secretary of the Lt. Governor of Upper Canada; Sir Isaac Brock. Jarvis was an officer in the Queen’s Rangers. He also served as Provincial Secretary of Upper Canada. A partial crown seal is attached, Mar. 26, 1812.

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Abraham Huff of the District of Niagara

Province of Upper Canada Grant (vellum) to Abraham Huff of the District of Niagara. He was granted 200 acres in Lot 26, Concession 2 west of the communication from Chatham to Lake Erie. The crown land seal is completely intact, but faded and stained. This was entered with the auditor on Mar. 25, 1818, Mar. 16, 1818.