Synthesising co-management for Lake Victoria: discussions on models relating to concepts of sustainability and participative management

This book section aims to synthesise the results of the surveys related to the LVFRP by developing different strategies to implement a sustainable and participative co-management model.

Co-managerial potentials for Tanzania's Lake Victoria fisheries perspectives from two landing sites

Two landing sites were chosen in Tanzania for the 4-beaches survey. The former, Ihale, is a large one with an avarage of 120 boats and direct connections to the fish processing factories. The latter, Mwasonge, is one of the smallest landing sites in the Mwanza region with totally different characteristics. This book section aims to analyse the results from these two sites in the context of the co-management potentialities in Tanzania and more generally on the Lake Victoria region.

Co-incineração de pneus com resíduos sólidos urbanos

O aumento da população, o crescimento das grandes cidades, da industrialização e do consumo, tem trazido preocupação com relação a sustentabilidade quanto à disponibilidade energética e quanto à destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos gerados. Dessa forma, é fundamental realizarem-se os estudos visando novas formas de reutilização dos resíduos gerados pelas atividades industriais. Os resíduos sólidos urbanos e os pneus inservíveis gerados trazem conseqüências ao meio ambiente e às populações quando destinados inadequadamente. A destinação final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é complexa, sendo sempre um grande desafio para as administrações públicas. Com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (instituída pela Lei n 12.305/2010), tem-se um marco da preservação ambiental, coma a gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, com a ordem de prioridade: não geração, redução, reutilização, reciclagem, tratamento dos resíduos sólidos e disposição final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos e prevê, de forma inteligente, a atribuição aos fabricantes de responsabilidade pelo retorno de produtos descartados pelos consumidores. Uma alternativa para minimizar estes aspectos e impactos ambientais é o tratamento térmico com aproveitamento energético. Este processo contribui para mais uma solução de destinação dos resíduos, proporcionado uma redução das áreas a serem utilizadas nos aterros sanitários e contribuindo como uma fonte de geração de energia elétrica

Strong visible up-conversion emission in Tb3+, Tm3+ and Tb3+-Tm3+ co-doped tellurite glasses sensitized by Yb3+

Up-conversion luminescence characteristics under 975 nm excitation have been investigated with Tb3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ triply doped tellurite glasses. Here, green (547 nm: D-5(4) --> F-7(4)) and red (660 nm: D-5(4) --> F-7(2)) up-conversion (UC) luminescence originating from Tb3+ is observed strongly, because of the quadratic dependences of emission intensities on the excitation power. Especially, the UC luminescence was intensified violently with the energy transfer from the Tm3+ ions involves in the Tb3+ excitation. To the Tb3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ triply doped glass system, a novel up-conversion mechanism is proposed as follows: the energy of (3)G(4) level (Tm3+) was transferred to D-5(4) (Tb3+) and the 477-nm UC luminescence of Tm3+ was nearly quenched. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elkarrizketa: Kike Infame (Infame & Co)

Kike Infameri (Infame & Co) Euskal irudigileen elkarteari buruzko lekarrizketa

Spectroscopic and thermal properties of short wavelength metal (II) complexes containing alpha-isoxazolylazo-beta-diketones as co-ligands

Two new azo dyes of alpha-isoxazolylazo-beta-dilcetones and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with blue-violet light wavelength were synthesized using a coupling component, different diazo components and metal (II) ions (Ni2+ and Cu2+). Based on the elemental analysis, MS spectra and FT-IR spectral analyses, azo dyes were unequivocally shown to exist as hydrazoketo and azoenol forms which were respectively obtained from the solution forms and from the solid forms. The action of sodium methoxide (NaOMe) on azo dyes in solutions converts hydrazoketo form into azoenol form, so azo dyes are coordinated with metal (II) ions as co-ligands in the azoenol forms. The solubility of all the compounds in common organic solvents such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) or chloroform (CHCl3) and absorption properties of spin-coating thin films were measured. The difference of absorption maxima from the complexes to their ligands was discussed. In addition, the TG analysis of the complexes was also determined, and their thermal stability was evaluated. It is found that these new metal (II) complexes had potential application for high-density digital versatile disc-recordable (HD-DVD-R) system due to their good solubility in organic solvents, reasonable and controllable absorption spectra in blue-violet light region and high thermal stability. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fibroblastos gengivais humanos em co-cultura com Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lisogênico induzem a liberação de fago

A relação entre bacteriófagos e virulência bacteriana é um modelo muito intrigante e pouco estudado na patogênese periodontal, uma vez que um patógeno periodontal pode ser lisogênico. O objetivo do nosso estudo é determinar a capacidade de fibroblastos gengivais humanos de induzir as cepas lisogênicas de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Dois experimentos foram realizados seguidos da titulação de fago. Os experimentos consistiram da co-cultura com fibroblastos gengivais humanos e três cepas de Aa [Aa29524, Aa2112, Aa29524(Ø2112)], não lisogênica, lisogênica e lisogênica induzida em laboratório, respectivamente. Em três momentos distintos (no experimento 1: 0, 2 e 4 horas; e no experimento 2: 2, 4 e 6 horas), o sobrenadante da co-cultura foi filtrado e cultivado overnight com a bactéria indicadora (Aa29524) e analisado para a capacidade de lisar a célula indicadora. Em ambos os experimentos, o sobrenadante da co-cultura de fibroblastos gengivais humanos com Aa lisogênico e Aa lisogênico induzido em laboratório, ao ser cultivado com a bactéria indicadora, promoveu lise da mesma, resultando no aumento da produção de fago. Pode-se concluir que, nesse estudo os fibroblastos gengivais humanos foram capazes de induzir cepas lisogênicas de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Effects of melting temperature on the broadband infrared luminescence of bi-doped and Bi/Dy co-doped chalcohalide glasses

Bismuth (Bi)-doped and Bi/Dy co-doped chalcohalide glasses are investigated as promising materials for amplifiers in optical communication. The samples synthesized at lower melting temperatures (MTs) are characterized by more intensified infrared emissions. With respect to the redox process of a liquid mixture at different MTs, we attribute an emission at 1230 nm to low-valent Bi ions. The lower MT favors the formation of LVB ions, i.e. Bi+ or Bi2+, while the higher MT promotes the production of higher-valent Bi ions Bi3+. An enhanced broadband infrared luminescence with the full-width at half-maximum over 200 nm is achieved from the present Bi/Dy co-doped chalcohalide glasses.

Ridge optical waveguide in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass produced by He+ ion implantation combined with Ar+ ion beam etching

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a ridge optical waveguide in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass. The He+ ion implantation (at energy of 2.8 MeV) is first applied onto the sample to produce a planar waveguide substrate, and then Ar+ ion beam etching (at energy of 500 eV) is carried out to construct rib stripes on the sample surface that has been deposited by a specially designed photoresist mask. According to a reconstructed refractive index profile of the waveguide cross section, the modal distribution of the waveguide is simulated by applying a computer code based on the beam propagation method, which shows reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed waveguide mode by using the end-face coupling method. Simulation of the incident He ions at 2.8 MeV penetrating into the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass substrate is also performed to provide helpful information on waveguide formation.

Effect of bismuth oxide on the thermal stability and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Er 3(+)/Yb3(+) co-doped aluminophosphate glasses

The Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped glasses with compositions of xBi(2)O(3)-(65-x)P2O5-4Yb(2)O(3)-11Al(2)O(3)-5BaO-15Na(2)O (where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mol%) were prepared using the normal melt quench technique. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses were recorded in the wavelength range 300-1700 nm. The effect of Bi2O3 content on the thermal stability and absorption spectra of glasses was investigated. In addition, the Judd-Ofelt parameters and oscillator strengths were calculated by employing Judd-Ofelt theory. It was observed that the positions of the fundamental absorption edge and cut-off wavelength shifted towards red as the content of Bi2O3 increased. However, there were no red shifts found both in the peak wavelength and in the center of mass wavelength of all absorption bands with Bi2O3 content increasing. The results of Judd-Ofelt theory analysis showed that Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega(t), (t = 2, 4, 6) changed sharply when Bi2O3 concentration exceeded 5 mol%. The variation trends of experimental oscillator strength were similar with those of Judd-Ofelt parameters as function of Bi2O3 concentrations. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that the increases of Bi2O3 content weakened the network structure and then lowered the thermal stability of the glasses. The spontaneous emission probability A(rad), branching ratio beta and the radiative lifetime tau(rad) were also calculated and analyzed. The stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was calculated according to the McCumber theory. It was found that the stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was monotonically increases with Bi2O3 content increasing. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.