Geografia da vida camponesa: espaços de vida, espaços de produção no assentamento Nova Conquista-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bem-estar no trabalho : os aspectos do suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança

Bem-estar no trabalho, percepção de suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança são temas que vêm despertando atenção crescente nos últimos tempos, de diversos pesquisadores no campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto da percepção do suporte do supervisor e dos estilos de liderança no bem-estar no trabalho. O construto bem-estar no trabalho no presente estudo foi representado por duas dimensões: satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. A amostra foi composta por 200 trabalhadores que atuavam em empresas privadas e públicas, situadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo 110 mulheres e 90 homens, distribuídos entre solteiros e casados. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário composto por quatro escalas que mediram as variáveis: percepção de suporte do supervisor, estilos de lideranças, satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se um programa estatístico. Foram calculadas estatísticas descritivas das variáveis do estudo (médias, desvios-padrão e correlações bivariadas) e modelos de regressão multivariada para se investigar os impactos causados por percepção do suporte do supervisor e por estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho, representado por vínculos com o trabalho (satisfação no trabalho) e com a organização (comprometimento organizacional afetivo). Os resultados deste estudo, revelaram maiores impactos do suporte do supervisor do que de estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho. Ao final, algumas considerações e recomendações serão feitas destacando-se a importância do bem-estar no trabalho sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores e das organizações.

Bem-estar no trabalho : os aspectos do suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança

Bem-estar no trabalho, percepção de suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança são temas que vêm despertando atenção crescente nos últimos tempos, de diversos pesquisadores no campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto da percepção do suporte do supervisor e dos estilos de liderança no bem-estar no trabalho. O construto bem-estar no trabalho no presente estudo foi representado por duas dimensões: satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. A amostra foi composta por 200 trabalhadores que atuavam em empresas privadas e públicas, situadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo 110 mulheres e 90 homens, distribuídos entre solteiros e casados. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário composto por quatro escalas que mediram as variáveis: percepção de suporte do supervisor, estilos de lideranças, satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se um programa estatístico. Foram calculadas estatísticas descritivas das variáveis do estudo (médias, desvios-padrão e correlações bivariadas) e modelos de regressão multivariada para se investigar os impactos causados por percepção do suporte do supervisor e por estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho, representado por vínculos com o trabalho (satisfação no trabalho) e com a organização (comprometimento organizacional afetivo). Os resultados deste estudo, revelaram maiores impactos do suporte do supervisor do que de estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho. Ao final, algumas considerações e recomendações serão feitas destacando-se a importância do bem-estar no trabalho sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores e das organizações.

A INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPATIBILIDADE PESSOA-TRABALHO SOBRE O ENGAJAMENTO NO TRABALHO SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO 2015

O engajamento no trabalho é um dos objetivos dos gestores de pessoas. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar se a compatibilidade da pessoa com o ambiente de trabalho tem relação com o seu engajamento. Há três fatores na compatibilidade com o ambiente de trabalho (person-environment fit): person-job fit, que aborda a compatibilidade entre as habilidades da pessoa e o trabalho que ela realiza; person-organization fit, que está relacionado com os valores da pessoa frente os valores organizacionais; e needs-supply, que aborda a percepção do indivíduo quanto a ter suas necessidades atendidas pelo seu trabalho e pela organização em que trabalha. Construtos do comportamento organizacional, tais como satisfação no trabalho, comprometimento organizacional e intenções de rotatividade são comumente utilizados como variáveis sucessoras nos estudos de compatibilidade (fit), porém não foram encontrados estudos da relação entre a compatibilidade com o ambiente de trabalho (person-environment fit) e o engajamento no trabalho. Esta pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa baseou-se no instrumento Perceptions Fit, proposto por Cable e DeRue, em 2002; e no instrumento UWES Ultrech Work Engagement Scale, de Schaufelli e colaboradores, de 2006. Participaram da pesquisa 114 respondentes com no mínimo seis meses na atividade atual e pelo menos há cinco anos no mercado de trabalho. As análises por Modelagem de Equações Estruturais pelo método PLS (Partial Least Squares) comprovaram a hipótese de que quanto maior a compatibilidade entre a pessoa e seu trabalho, maior é seu engajamento. Além da hipótese central do trabalho de que a compatibilidade pessoa-trabalho influencia o engajamento no trabalho, a influência das dimensões de fit sobre o engajamento foi testada e os resultados mostraram que a dimensão necessidades atendidas (needs-supply) é a que mais influência tem sobre o engajamento. Este estudo inicia a discussão sobre a relação entre a compatibilidade da pessoa com o ambiente de trabalho e o seu engajamento, sugerindo reaplicação do método em públicos diferenciados, a fim de que os resultados possam ser utilizados para uma melhor eficácia da gestão de pessoas.

Bem-estar no trabalho : os aspectos do suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança

Bem-estar no trabalho, percepção de suporte do supervisor e estilos de liderança são temas que vêm despertando atenção crescente nos últimos tempos, de diversos pesquisadores no campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto da percepção do suporte do supervisor e dos estilos de liderança no bem-estar no trabalho. O construto bem-estar no trabalho no presente estudo foi representado por duas dimensões: satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. A amostra foi composta por 200 trabalhadores que atuavam em empresas privadas e públicas, situadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo 110 mulheres e 90 homens, distribuídos entre solteiros e casados. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário composto por quatro escalas que mediram as variáveis: percepção de suporte do supervisor, estilos de lideranças, satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se um programa estatístico. Foram calculadas estatísticas descritivas das variáveis do estudo (médias, desvios-padrão e correlações bivariadas) e modelos de regressão multivariada para se investigar os impactos causados por percepção do suporte do supervisor e por estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho, representado por vínculos com o trabalho (satisfação no trabalho) e com a organização (comprometimento organizacional afetivo). Os resultados deste estudo, revelaram maiores impactos do suporte do supervisor do que de estilos de liderança sobre bem-estar no trabalho. Ao final, algumas considerações e recomendações serão feitas destacando-se a importância do bem-estar no trabalho sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores e das organizações.

BEM ESTAR NO TRABALHO E OTIMISMO EM ESTUDANTES TRABALHADORES

O estudo teve como objetivo geral submeter ao teste empírico as relações entre bem estar no trabalho e otimismo em estudantes trabalhadores. No estudo foi utilizada uma amostra escolhida por conveniência, sendo composta por 125 estudantes trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 1, com 60 estudantes de uma universidade da cidade de São Bernardo do Campo; e, o grupo 2, com 65 jovens adolescentes de uma organização não governamental da cidade de São Paulo. O instrumento de coleta foi um questionário de auto-aplicação composto por itens versando sobre as variáveis da pesquisa e questões sobre dados pessoais e profissionais dos participantes do estudo. As análises estatísticas foram descritivas e multivariadas. Os resultados descritivos das três dimensões de BET indicam a maior presença de sentimentos de satisfação com chefias e colegas em ambos os grupos; menores níveis de satisfação de ambos os grupos ocorreram com os fatores salário e promoção; fracos vínculos afetivos do grupo 1 com o trabalho e com a organização; fraco envolvimento com o trabalho do grupo 2. Os dois grupos apresentaram níveis elevados de otimismo, o que significa afirmar que ambos tinham uma percepção de futuro promissor. Foi confirmada empiricamente a hipótese de que BET pudesse ter alguma associação com otimismo, através da presença de correlação entre otimismo e satisfação com colegas, bem como, com envolvimento com o trabalho para o grupo 1. Para o grupo 2, otimismo correlacionou-se com satisfação com tarefas e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. O presente estudo visou a contribuir para a compreensão de bem estar no trabalho e otimismo e suas relações no contexto profissional de estudantes trabalhadores para desta forma prover melhor fundamentação conceitual acerca do tema para estudiosos, bem como sugerir ações e práticas de gestão de pessoas que intensifiquem o bem estar e a promoção de saúde das pessoas quando inseridos no contexto organizacional de trabalho.

Theoretical Approximations Between Brazilian and Spanish Authors' Production in the Field of Knowledge Organization in the Production of Journals on Information Science in Brazil

This work identifies and analyzes literature about knowledge organization (KO), expressed in scientific journals communication of information science (IS). It performs an exploratory study on the Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periodicos em Ciência da Informacio (BRAPCI, Reference Database of Journal Articles on Information Science) between the years 2000 and 2010. The descriptors relating to "knowledge organization" are used in order to recover and analyze the corresponding articles and to identify descriptors and concepts which integrate the semantic universe related to KO. Through the analysis of content, based on metrical studies, this article gathers and interprets data relating to documents and authors. Through this, it demonstrates the development of this field and its research fronts according to the observed characteristics, as well as noting the transformation indicative in the production of knowledge. The work describes the influences of the Spanish researchers on Brazilian literature in the fields of knowledge and information organization. As a result, it presents the most cited and productive authors, the theoretical currents which support them, and the most significant relationships of the Spanish-Brazilian authors network. Based on the constant key-words analysis in the cited articles, the co-existence of the French conception current and the incipient Spanish influence in Brazil is observed. Through this, it contributes to the comprehension of the thematic range relating to KO, stimulating both criticism and self-criticism, debate and knowledge creation, based on studies that have been developed and institutionalized in academic contexts in Spain and Brazil.

Relationship of health workers with their organization and work: a cross-cultural study

ABSTRACT We analyzed the differences, by Student’s t-test and ANOVA, between nurses and physicians from Portugal, Poland, Spain, and United Kingdom regarding their relationship with their work and organization. In total, 1,401 professionals answered the HSA-QHPR questionnaire. There are different levels of connection between physicians and nurses. The United Kingdom has the lowest levels of connection with the work while Portugal has the highest levels of relationship with the organization. The results provide guidelines for the development of policies and differential strategies aimed at improving the quality of healthcare service.

Social Organization on the Web: How Sex workers Rights Organizations Engage in Activism and Advocacy Work Online

The purpose of this study was to examine how sex workers rights organizations use their websites as a site of activist and advocacy work and ask (i) how do various organizations conceptualize sex work on their websites, and to what extent do they incorporate an intersectional feminist perspective? (ii) what communication strategies are used by the four organizations to target audiences in the viewing public? (iii) what audiences do the four websites target? (iv) how do the four organizations discuss successes and challenges on their websites? (v) in what ways do sex worker right organizations use websites to further their goals? The websites of Maggie’s, POWER, and Stella attempt to embrace an intersectional feminist perspective of sex work, while PACE does not. The four organizations strategically use their websites to target audiences with diverse needs, specifically through advocacy efforts in educating the general public about the legitimacy of sexual labour. Additionally, to increase the use of the websites by sex workers, using social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter augment the untapped potential for creating action, mobilization, interaction, and dialogue on the websites.

The Ergonomic Analysis and Back Injuries in Flexible Production System

Back injuries identification and diagnoses in the transition of the Taylor model to the flexiblemodel of production organization, demands a parallel intervention of prevention actors at work. This study uses simultaneously three intervention models (structured action analysis, muscle skeletal symptoms questionnaires and muscle skeletal assessment) for work activities in a packaging plant. In this study seventy and two (72) operative workers participated (28 workers with muscle skeletal evaluation). In an intervention period of 10 months, the physical, cognitive, organizational components and productive process dynamics were evaluated from the muscle skeletal demands issues. The differences established between objective exposure at risk, back injury risk perception, appreciation and a vertebral spine evaluation, in prior and post intervention, determines the structure for a muscle skeletal risk management system. This study explains that back injury symptoms can be more efficiently reduced among operative workers combining measures registered and the adjustment between dynamics, the changes at work and efficient gestures development. Relevance: the results of this study can be used to pre ent back injuries in workers of flexible production processes.

Tax performance and reform in the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

Includes bibliography

In vitro evaluation, in vivo quantification, and microbial diversity studies of nutritional strategies for reducing enteric methane production

The main objective of the present work was to study nutritive strategies for lessening the CH4 formation associated to ruminant tropical diets. In vitro gas production technique was used for evaluating the effect of tannin-rich plants, essential oils, and biodiesel co-products on CH4 formation in three individual studies and a small chamber system to measure CH4 released by sheep for in vivo studies was developed. Microbial rumen population diversity from in vitro assays was studied using qPCR. In vitro studies with tanniniferous plants, herbal plant essential oils derived from thyme, fennel, ginger, black seed, and Eucalyptus oil (EuO) added to the basal diet and cakes of oleaginous plants (cotton, palm, castor plant, turnip, and lupine), which were included in the basal diet to replace soybean meal, presented significant differences regarding fermentation gas production and CH4 formation. In vivo assays were performed according to the results of the in vitro assays. , when supplemented to a basal diet (Tifton-85 hay sp, corn grain, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, and mineral mixture) fed to adult Santa Ines sheep reduced enteric CH4 emission but the supplementation of the basal diet with EuO did not affect ( > 0.05) methane released. Regarding the microbial studies of rumen population diversity using qPCR with DNA samples collected from the in vitro trials, the results showed shifts in microbial communities of the tannin-rich plants in relation to control plant. This research demonstrated that tannin-rich , essential oil from eucalyptus, and biodiesel co-products either in vitro or in vivo assays showed potential to mitigate CH4 emission in ruminants. The microbial community study suggested that the reduction in CH4 production may be attributed to a decrease in fermentable substrate rather than to a direct effect on methanogenesis.

Introduction : the role of quality, production and technological innovation in improving competitive performance

Quality, production and technological innovation management rank among the most important matters of concern to modern manufacturing organisations. They can provide companies with the decisive means of gaining a competitive advantage, especially within industries where there is an increasing similarity in product design and manufacturing processes. The papers in this special issue of International Journal of Technology Management have all been selected as examples of how aspects of quality, production and technological innovation can help to improve competitive performance. Most are based on presentations made at the UK Operations Management Association's Sixth International Conference held at Aston University at which the theme was 'Getting Ahead Through Technology and People'. At the conference itself over 80 papers were presented by authors from 15 countries around the world. Among the many topics addressed within the conference theme, technological innovation, quality and production management emerged as attracting the greatest concern and interest of delegates, particularly those from industry. For any new initiative to be implemented successfully, it should be led from the top of the organization. Achieving the desired level of commitment from top management can, however, be a difficulty. In the first paper of this issue, Mackness investigates this question by explaining how systems thinking can help. In the systems approach, properties such as 'emergence', 'hierarchy', 'commnication' and 'control' are used to assist top managers in preparing for change. Mackness's paper is then complemented by Iijima and Hasegawa's contribution in which they investigate the development of Quality Information Management (QIM) in Japan. They present the idea of a Design Review and demonstrate how it can be used to trace and reduce quality-related losses. The next paper on the subject of quality is by Whittle and colleagues. It relates to total quality and the process of culture change within organisations. Using the findings of investigations carried out in a number of case study companies, they describe four generic models which have been identified as characterising methods of implementing total quality within existing organisation cultures. Boaden and Dale's paper also relates to the management of quality, but looks specifically at the construction industry where it has been found there is still some confusion over the role of Quality Assurance (QA) and Total Quality Management (TQM). They describe the results of a questionnaire survey of forty companies in the industry and compare them to similar work carried out in other industries. Szakonyi's contribution then completes this group of papers which all relate specifically to the question of quality. His concern is with the two ways in which R&D or engineering managers can work on improving quality. The first is by improving it in the laboratory, while the second is by working with other functions to improve quality in the company. The next group of papers in this issue all address aspects of production management. Umeda's paper proposes a new manufacturing-oriented simulation package for production management which provides important information for both design and operation of manufacturing systems. A simulation for production strategy in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) environment is also discussed. This paper is then followed by a contribution by Tanaka and colleagues in which they consider loading schedules for manufacturing orders in a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) environment. They compare mathematical programming with a knowledge-based approach, and comment on their relative effectiveness for different practical situations. Engstrom and Medbo's paper then looks at a particular aspect of production system design, namely the question of devising group working arrangements for assembly with new product structures. Using the case of a Swedish vehicle assembly plant where long cycle assembly work has been adopted, they advocate the use of a generally applicable product structure which can be adapted to suit individual local conditions. In the last paper of this particular group, Tay considers how automation has affected the production efficiency in Singapore. Using data from ten major industries he identifies several factors which are positively correlated with efficiency, with capital intensity being of greatest interest to policy makers. The two following papers examine the case of electronic data interchange (EDI) as a means of improving the efficiency and quality of trading relationships. Banerjee and Banerjee consider a particular approach to material provisioning for production systems using orderless inventory replenishment. Using the example of a single supplier and multiple buyers they develop an analytical model which is applicable for the exchange of information between trading partners using EDI. They conclude that EDI-based inventory control can be attractive from economic as well as other standpoints and that the approach is consistent with and can be instrumental in moving towards just-in-time (JIT) inventory management. Slacker's complementary viewpoint on EDI is from the perspective of the quality relation-ship between the customer and supplier. Based on the experience of Lucas, a supplier within the automotive industry, he concludes that both banks and trading companies must take responsibility for the development of payment mechanisms which satisfy the requirements of quality trading. The three final papers of this issue relate to technological innovation and are all country based. Berman and Khalil report on a survey of US technological effectiveness in the global economy. The importance of education is supported in their conclusions, although it remains unclear to what extent the US government can play a wider role in promoting technological innovation and new industries. The role of technology in national development is taken up by Martinsons and Valdemars who examine the case of the former Soviet Union. The failure to successfully infuse technology into Soviet enterprises is seen as a factor in that country's demise, and it is anticipated that the newly liberalised economies will be able to encourage greater technological creativity. This point is then taken up in Perminov's concluding paper which looks in detail at Russia. Here a similar analysis is made of the concluding paper which looks in detail at Russia. Here a similar analysis is made of the Soviet Union's technological decline, but a development strategy is also presented within the context of the change from a centralised to a free market economy. The papers included in this special issue of the International Journal of Technology Management each represent a unique and particular contribution to their own specific area of concern. Together, however, they also argue or demonstrate the general improvements in competitive performance that can be achieved through the application of modern principles and practice to the management of quality, production and technological innovation.

Perspectives on gender, migration and transnational work: joint work of social reproduction and care in Southern Europe

This paper presents the "state of the art" and some of the main issues discussed in relation to the topic of transnational migration and reproductive work in southern Europe. We start doing a genealogy of the complex theoretical development leading to the consolidation of the research program, linking consideration of gender with transnational migration and transformation of work and ways of survival, thus making the production aspects as reproductive, in a context of globalization. The analysis of the process of multiscale reconfiguration of social reproduction and care, with particular attention to its present global dimension is presented, pointing to the turning point of this line of research that would have taken place with the beginning of this century, with the rise notions such as "global care chains" (Hochschild, 2001), or "care drain" (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2013). Also, the role of this new agency, now composed in many cases women who migrate to other countries or continents, precisely to address these reproductive activities, is recognized. Finally, reference is made to some of the new conceptual and theoretical developments in this area.

Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems and LATINFOODS Regional Technical Compilation Committee: Food composition activities (2006-2009)

The Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems (BRASILFOODS) has been keeping the Brazilian Food Composition Database-USP (TBCA-USP) (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela) since 1998. Besides the constant compilation, analysis and update work in the database, the network tries to innovate through the introduction of food information that may contribute to decrease the risk for non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as the profile of carbohydrates and flavonoids in foods. In 2008, data on carbohydrates, individually analyzed, of 112 foods, and 41 data related to the glycemic response produced by foods widely consumed in the country were included in the TBCA-USP. Data (773) about the different flavonoid subclasses of 197 Brazilian foods were compiled and the quality of each data was evaluated according to the USDAs data quality evaluation system. In 2007, BRASILFOODS/USP and INFOODS/FAO organized the 7th International Food Data Conference ""Food Composition and Biodiversity"". This conference was a unique opportunity for interaction between renowned researchers and participants from several countries and it allowed the discussion of aspects that may improve the food composition area. During the period, the LATINFOODS Regional Technical Compilation Committee and BRASILFOODS disseminated to Latin America the Form and Manual for Data Compilation, version 2009, ministered a Food Composition Data Compilation course and developed many activities related to data production and compilation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.