SIGREDES. Cadastro das redes de saneamento e abastecimento dos aglomerados urbanos da CIMAC.

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica.

Ampliação e Reconstrução de um Edifício Unifamiliar

Pretende-se com este trabalho apresentar os Projectos de estruturas, de Comportamento Térmico e de Abastecimento de Água e Drenagem de Águas Pluviais e Residuais de uma habitação unifamiliar. Trata-se de um edifício situado no concelho de Ponte Lima que será reconstruído e ampliado de forma a se constituir uma habitação de tipologia T3. Uma vez que a realidade da actividade do projecto de estruturas actual é baseada na aplicação de ferramentas de processo automático de dados, foi naturalmente utilizado um programa de cálculo na modelação do edifício. No entanto, foram igualmente aplicados métodos tradicionais, nomeadamente na fase de pré-dimensionamento, na validação do modelo e no dimensionamento do edifício existente. O Estudo do Comportamento Térmico teve como objectivo primordial optar por soluções construtivas que permitissem, aos ocupantes da habitação, um conforto térmico com o mínimo esforço energético possível. Desta forma, analisaram-se as plantas de arquitectura, definiram-se os elementos da envolvente e os equipamentos necessários, e procedeu-a à avaliação térmica segundo o disposto na Legislação Nacional Para culminar o trabalho, desenvolveu-se o Projecto de Abastecimento de Água e Drenagem de Águas Pluviais e Residuais, dispondo os elementos e acessórios das redes segundo as regras de implantação e dimensionamento previstas na regulamentação em vigor.

Factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in the city of Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

Estudo sobre Perdas de Água

O presente relatório resulta de um estudo realizado na empresa Águas do Douro e Paiva, S.A. (AdDP), atual Águas do Norte, S.A., sob a forma de estágio curricular, com a duração de seis meses e que teve como tema as perdas de água na rede da empresa. Inicialmente é feito um enquadramento ao tema onde se aborda o setor das águas em Portugal, a importância do mesmo na sociedade Portuguesa e as suas principais características. É apresentada também uma introdução à empresa onde foi realizado o estágio e, posteriormente, são apresentados fundamentos teóricos relativos às perdas de água onde se incluem as diversas fases de abordagem ao problema, métodos de medição dos caudais e técnicas de localização de fugas. De modo a comparar resultados já obtidos pela empresa, foi feito um levantamento de dados anuais e mensais para o cálculo do balanço hídrico e indicadores de desempenho para toda a rede da empresa. A informação obtida foi traduzida sob a forma de gráficos e os resultados foram comparados com os resultados da empresa e com os valores recomendados pela Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Águas e Resíduos (ERSAR). Tendo em conta a problemática em estudo, foi desenvolvida uma folha de cálculo de auxílio à gestão que permite obter valores para as perdas de água diárias para os subsistemas de Lever e do Vale do Sousa e onde a informação é apresentada sob a forma de gráficos. Os vários passos necessários ao desenvolvimento da folha de cálculo são descritos no presente relatório e é explicado o funcionamento e distribuição dos diversos componentes da rede.

Environmental sanitation conditions and health impact: a case-control study

This epidemiological investigation examines the impact of several environmental sanitation conditions and hygiene practices on diarrhea occurrence among children under five years of age living in an urban area. The case-control design was employed; 997 cases and 999 controls were included in the investigation. Cases were defined as children with diarrhea and controls were randomly selected among children under five years of age. After logistic regression adjustment, the following variables were found to be significantly associated with diarrhea: washing and purifying fruit and vegetables; presence of wastewater in the street; refuse storage, collection and disposal; domestic water reservoir conditions; feces disposal from swaddles; presence of vectors in the house and flooding in the lot. The estimates of the relative risks reached values up to 2.87. The present study revealed the feasibility of developing and implementing an adequate model to establish intervention priorities in the field of environmental sanitation.

Human pseudomyiasis caused by Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Goiás

The objective of the present work was to register the first proven cases of human pseudomyiasis due to Eristalis tenax in Goiás State, Brazil, underscoring their clinical manifestations and direct relationship with hygiene. The taxonomic identification of the instars was done according to the descriptions and keys presented by James (1947), Hartley (1961) and Guimarães & Papavero (1999). Two cases were observed. In both cases there was no evidence of apparent mental disturbance. The clinical picture of these cases was self limited. The water supply, sewer system, socioeconomic level and habits of the suspect species of the flies are criteria that should be investigated.

Evaluation of drought tolerance in several genotypes of spelt (Triticum aestivum Var. Spelta)

Domestication of plants and plant breeding have dramatically eroded the allelic variations of crop species which led to an increasing susceptibility of crop plants to environmental stresses, diseases and pests. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants so the selection of tolerant genotypes becomes increasingly important with respect to the predicted effects of global warming. In this study, several genotypes of Spelt (Triticum aestivum var. spelta) were tested under low water supply in soil with the aim of to find Spelt genotypes more resistant than wheat to these conditions, and select them so that in future may be used to improve wheat crops. Morphological analyses were performed and mineral and enzymatic analyses and also dry matter production were calculated. Our results suggests that the genotypes Sp53, Sp96, Sp912, Sp757 and Sp804 are a potential ones to use in breeding programs to improve wheat production. Under drought, these genotypes had growth efficiency of 38%, 45%, 64%, 37%, and 31% respectively and also showed higher biomass than modern wheat and were also mineralogical richer. The genotypes Sp96 and Sp912 showed highest activity of all antioxidants enzymes tested. This work proves that Spelt is a good wheat to continue to study in order to improve wheat crops in dry areas and consequently increase the quality of life and health of the populations living in those areas.

Spatial distribution of trachoma cases in the City of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil, detected in 2006: defining key areas for improvement of health resources

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to analyze the spatial behavior of the occurrence of trachoma cases detected in the City of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006 in order to use the information collected to set priority areas for optimization of health resources.Methodsthe trachoma cases identified in 2006 were georeferenced. The data evaluated were: schools where the trachoma cases studied, data from the 2000 Census, census tract, type of housing, water supply conditions, distribution of income and levels of education of household heads. In the Google Earth® software and TerraView® were made descriptive spatial analysis and estimates of the Kernel. Each area was studied by interpolation of the density surfaces exposing events to facilitate to recognize the clusters.ResultsOf the 66 cases detected, only one (1.5%) was not a resident of the city's outskirts. A positive association was detected of trachoma cases and the percentage of heads of household with income below three minimum wages and schooling under eight years of education.ConclusionsThe recognition of the spatial distribution of trachoma cases coincided with the areas of greatest social inequality in Bauru City. The micro-areas identified are those that should be prioritized in the rationalization of health resources. There is the possibility of using the trachoma cases detected as an indicator of performance of micro priority health programs.

Basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and degree of risk for the presence and maintenance of malaria in a low-transmission area in the Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:This study aimed to evaluate basic sanitation and socioeconomic indicators, reported cases of malaria, and risk of contracting malaria in the Ananindeua municipality, State of Pará.METHODS:Data on basic sanitation and socioeconomic dimensions were taken from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)] 2010 census. Epidemiological malaria information was taken from the Epidemiological Malaria Surveillance Information System [ Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Malária (SIVEP/Malaria)], between 2003 and 2013 of the Ministry of Health and from the SIVEP/Malaria forms of the municipality's Endemic Diseases Unit for 2,013 cases.RESULTS:Our data do not confirm the correlation among indicators of basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and water supply with malaria cases. Of the 1,557 cases evaluated, most were caused by Plasmodium vivax , with rare cases of Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infections. There were 756 notifications in 2003. The number of reported cases was sharply reduced between 2006 and 2012, but a 142-case outbreak occurred in 2013. Ananindeua municipality's Annual Parasite Index indicated low risk in 2003 and no risk in other years, and the 2,013 cases were predominantly male individuals aged ≥40 years.CONCLUSIONS:Our data confirm the non-endemicity of malaria in the Ananindeua municipality, as the Annual Parasite Indices described for the years 2004-2013 classify it as a risk-free area. However, the 2013 outbreak indicates the need to strengthen prevention, surveillance, and control activities to reduce the risk of new outbreaks and consequent economic and social impacts on the population.

O contrato de prestação de serviços de fornecimento de água

The theme of thid thesis is the water supply services contract. The texto starts with an analysis of the service, aimed at clarifying what is the system organization and the principles applicable to this essential public service. Then the water supply services contract is analyzed according to the law on essential public services. Subsequently, connections are established with other applicable laws and the differing doctrinal and jurisprudential perspectives are presented. The thesis ends with an outlook on the dispute resolution mechanisms at the users’ disposal.

As conversas informais na reconstituição

The theme of thid thesis is the water supply services contract. The texto starts with an analysis of the service, aimed at clarifying what is the system organization and the principles applicable to this essential public service. Then the water supply services contract is analyzed according to the law on essential public services. Subsequently, connections are established with other applicable laws and the differing doctrinal and jurisprudential perspectives are presented. The thesis ends with an outlook on the dispute resolution mechanisms at the users’ disposal.

Teores de flúor em águas da cidade de Manaus

The fluorine content of 10 major sources of water supply from the city of Manaus was determined. The method used in this investigation consisted of the Willard-Winter technique, with modification. The values obtained were very low, showing that the water of the city of Manaus does not offer adequate protection against dental caries..

Indicadores de "Hidricidade" como ferramenta de avaliação da eficiência urbana

One of the biggest challenges for urban space planners is to conciliate the indispensable demands of life with the forms of occupation of the territory. Among these demands is water. Population growth and urban sprawl are challenging water availability. Thus, it is important to evaluate development trends to predict future scenarios, enabling guide preventive actions and decision making. It is essential to have a practical and direct tool that allows us to transmit the necessary information. The objective of this study is to present a method for evaluating the urban efficiency in the process of city expansion and the availability of water supply. To do so, the indicators will be defined, called indicators of "hidricidade". As a result, it is expected to be obtained a direct and practical tool, that is going to allow to transmit the necessary information to the harmonic urban process planning, applicable to medium size Brazilian cities, allowing decision making as a guarantee of water supply and urban sprawl.

O preço da água nos municípios portugueses: quais as razões para as suas disparidades?

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Monetária, Bancária e Financeira

Desenvolvimento de um Módulo Habitacional “embrionário” “Plug-in” de habitação unifamiliar

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura