Middle and Late Jurassic carbon stable-isotope stratigraphy and radiolarite sedimentation of the Umbria-Marche basin (Central Italy)

A continuous carbon isotope curve from Middle-Upper Jurassic pelagic carbonate rocks was acquired from two sections in the southern part of the Umbria-Marche Apennines in central Italy. At the Colle Bertone section (Terni) and the Terminilletto section (Rieti), the Upper Toarcian to Bajocian Calcari e Marne a Posidonia Formation and the Aalenian to Kimmeridgian Calcari e Marne a Posidonia and Calcari Diasprigni formations were sampled, respectively. Biostratigraphy in both sections is based on rich assemblages of calcareous nannofossils and radiolarians, as well as some ammonites found in the upper Toarcian-Bajocian interval. Both sections revealed a relative minimum of delta(13)C(PDB) close to + 2 parts per thousand in the Aalenian and a maximum around 3.5 parts per thousand in early Bajocian, associated with an increase in visible chert. In basinal sections in Umbria-Marche, this interval includes the very cherry base of the Calcari Diasprigni Formation (e.g. at Valdorbia) or the chert-rich uppermost portion of the Calcari a Posidonia (e.g at Bosso). In the Terminilletto section, the Bajocian-early Barthonian interval shows a gradual decrease in delta(13)C(PDB) values and a low around 2.3 parts per thousand. This part of the section is characterised by more than 40 m of almost chart-free limestones and correlates with a recurrence of limestone-rich facies in basinal sections at Valdorbia. A double peak with values of delta(13)C(PDB) around + 3 parts per thousand was observed in the Callovian and Oxfordian, constrained by well preserved radiolarian faunas. The maxima lie in the Callovian and the middle Oxfordian, and the minimum between the two peaks should be near the Callovian/Oxfordian boundary. In the Terminilletto section, visible chert increases together with delta(13)C(PDB) values from the middle Bathonian and reaches peak values in the Callovian-Oxfordian. In basinal sections in Umbria-Marche, a sharp increase in visible chert is observed at this level within the Calcari Diasprigni. A drop of delta(13)C values towards + 2 parts per thousand occurs in the Kimmeridgian and coincides with a decrease of visible chert in outcrop. The observed delta(13)C positive anomalies during the early Bajocian and the Callovian-Oxfordian may record changes in global climate towards warmer, more humid periods characterised by increased nutrient mobilisation and increased carbon burial. High biosiliceous (radiolarians, siliceous sponges) productivity and preservation appear to coincide with the delta(13)C positive anomalies, when the production of platform carbonates was subdued and ceased in many areas, with a drastic reduction of periplatform ooze input in many Tethyan basins. The carbon and silica cycles appear to be linked through global warming and increased continental weathering. Hydrothermal events related to extensive rifting and/or accelerated oceanic spreading may be the endogenic driving force that created a perturbation of the exogenic system (excess CO2 into the atmosphere and greenhouse conditions) reflected by the positive delta(13)C shifts and biosiliceous episodes.

Finca-Museo agroindustrial San Julián : proyecto para la difusión y la conservación del patrimonio industrial de Guatemala

Disseny d'un espai multidisciplinar que permeti l'interpretació del Patrimoni Industrial i Cultural de la Finca agroindustrial de San Julián (Guatemala), amb l'objectiu de fomentar la difusió i la conservació del Patrimonio Industrial del país

Prescripción enfermera en el entorno de las urgencias y emergencias. Marco conceptual vs entorno legislado en España

The prescription, widely discussed and defined conceptually in recent years in an environment of widening the spectrum of responsibilities nurse, has capacity for integration and definition in the area of accident and emergency care and carried out over the patient urgently, about emergencies and life-long commitment. Be necessary to frame throughout the legal framework, following the amendment of the Twelfth Additional Provision of Law 29/2006 of guarantees and rational use of drugs and medical devices, can be waived and implementation required, provided under model and through the nursing process and method and as an exponent and endorsementn of science and advanced clinical practice, to join the idea of interdisciplinary professional consensus that the law posed by the preparation and implementation of standardized protocols, algorithms and / or clinical practice guidelines in the context of what has come to be called "collaborative standard prescription": Prescription to the nurse in certain clinical situations in terms of a performance protocol, agreed with multidisciplinary team care health of the population (Group Protocols), which can be considered an intermediate step in the evolution towards independent nurse prescribing, providing nurses experience of a prescription under these protocols and demonstrating their capabilities.

Diseño e implementación de un marco de trabajo (framework) de presentación para aplicaciones JEE

Aquest treball de fi de carrera ha tingut com a objectius l'estudi dels diferents elements que existeixen a l'hora de construir la part visual d'aplicacions Web desenvolupades sobre la plataforma de construcció de J2EE, els patrons de Disseny de la capa de presentació i allò que es denominen Frameworks de presentació. I d'altra banda a partir de l'esmentat estudi es a realitzat la creació d'un Framework propi que permeti la creació d'interfícies per a pàgines Web creades per a la gestió de maneig d'aplicacions empresarials d'una forma òptima, estàndard i simplificada.

Presidents and parties in regional politics: Italy and Spain compared

This article examines the relationship between political parties and regional presidents in Italy and Spain, adopting a comparative case study approach based on extensive archival analysis and in-depth interviews with regional politicians. The findings confirm a strong pattern of growing presidentialism at regional level, regardless of whether there are formal mechanisms for direct election, and regardless of the partisan composition of regional government. Regional presidents tend to exert their growing power through a personalised control of regional party organisations, rather than governing past parties in a direct appeal to the electorate. Nevertheless, parties can still present a significant constraint on regional presidents, so successful regional presidents tend to maintain a mediating form of leadership and fully exploit the opportunities for party patronage to build up their support and smooth governing tensions. An autonomist drive helps presidents hold together disparate coalitions or loose parties at regional level, but their lack of internal coherence presents major problems when it comes to political succession.

[Phot. de la baie de Gravosa (Adriatique) en oct. 1880, lors de l'affaire de Dulcigno (aujourd'hui Ulcinj, Montenegro), avec 9 navires de l'escadre internationale: le Marco Antonio Colonna (Italie), le Zrini (Autriche), le Suffren (France), le Laudon (Autriche), le Palestro (Italie), I'Alexandra (Grande-Bretagne), le Friedland (France), le Svetlana (Russie), le Djeguita (Russie). Phot. par Silvino Masacarich, phot. à Raguse] / [don Edgar Humann]

Donateur : Humann, Edgar (1838-1914)

HLA and non-HLA genes in Behçet's disease: a multicentric study in the Spanish population.

INTRODUCTION According to genome wide association (GWA) studies as well as candidate gene approaches, Behçet's disease (BD) is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and HLA-B gene regions. The HLA-B51 has been consistently associated with the disease, but the role of other HLA class I molecules remains controversial. Recently, variants in non-HLA genes have also been associated with BD. The aims of this study were to further investigate the influence of the HLA region in BD and to explore the relationship with non-HLA genes recently described to be associated in other populations. METHODS This study included 304 BD patients and 313 ethnically matched controls. HLA-A and HLA-B low resolution typing was carried out by PCR-SSOP Luminex. Eleven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located outside of the HLA-region, previously described associated with the disease in GWA studies and having a minor allele frequency in Caucasians greater than 0.15 were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Phenotypic and genotypic frequencies were estimated by direct counting and distributions were compared using the χ(2) test. RESULTS In addition to HLA-B*51, HLA-B*57 was found as a risk factor in BD, whereas, B*35 was found to be protective. Other HLA-A and B specificities were suggestive of association with the disease as risk (A*02 and A*24) or protective factors (A*03 and B*58). Regarding the non-HLA genes, the three SNPs located in IL23R and one of the SNPs in IL10 were found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to BD in our population. CONCLUSION Different HLA specificities are associated with Behçet's disease in addition to B*51. Other non-HLA genes, such as IL23R and IL-10, play a role in the susceptibility to the disease.

Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer: a large European cohort study.

BACKGROUND Excess body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and certain dietary factors are individually related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, little is known about their joint effects. The aim of this study was to develop a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) composed of five potentially modifiable lifestyle factors - healthy weight, physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption and a healthy diet, and to explore the association of this index with CRC incidence using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS In the EPIC cohort, a total of 347,237 men and women, 25- to 70-years old, provided dietary and lifestyle information at study baseline (1992 to 2000). Over a median follow-up time of 12 years, 3,759 incident CRC cases were identified. The association between a HLI and CRC risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and population attributable risks (PARs) have been calculated. RESULTS After accounting for study centre, age, sex and education, compared with 0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CRC was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44 to 0.77) for two factors, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.89) for three factors, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.75) for four factors and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.74) for five factors; P-trend <0.0001. The associations were present for both colon and rectal cancers, HRs, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50 to 0.74; P for trend <0.0001) for colon cancer and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.88; P-trend <0.0001) for rectal cancer, respectively (P-difference by cancer sub-site = 0.10). Overall, 16% of the new CRC cases (22% in men and 11% in women) were attributable to not adhering to a combination of all five healthy lifestyle behaviours included in the index. CONCLUSIONS Combined lifestyle factors are associated with a lower incidence of CRC in European populations characterized by western lifestyles. Prevention strategies considering complex targeting of multiple lifestyle factors may provide practical means for improved CRC prevention.

State-Society Relationships, Social Trust and the Development of Labour Market Policies in Italy and Sweden

The first decade of the twenty-first century may be remembered for the rebirth of consensus on labour market policy. After three decades of bitter political and ideological controversy between a neo-liberal and a traditional social democratic approach, a new model, often labelled flexicurity, has emerged. This model is promoted by numerous political organisations since it promises to put an end to the old trade-off between equality and efficiency. Several countries are embracing the flexicurity model as a blueprint for labour market reform, but others, mostly belonging to the 'Mediterranean Rim', are clearly lagging behind. Why is it so difficult for these countries to implement the flexicurity model? This paper argues that the application of a flexicurity strategy in these countries is complicated by the lack of social trust between social partners and the state as well as political economy traditions that highlight the role of labour market regulation as a source of social protection.

Récit ethnographique d'une expérience partagée de la fête de San Juan/Inti Raymi à Otavalo (Andes équatoriennes)

Cet article constitue une tentative de récit ethnographique qui compte rendre l'expérience vécue de la fête de San Juan/Inti Raymi dans la région d'Otavalo (Andes équatoriennes) de différents acteurs et de l'anthropologue. L'auteur s'essaie à la description minutieuse afin de montrer, à partir d'une perspective pragmatique, le développement des actions dans l'espace et dans le temps, permettant de mettre en évidence le savoir pratique et la créativité de ses interlocuteurs, ainsi que la dimension d'indétermination des situations. Par ce faire, aucune explication sous-jacente ou cachée est recherchée, le sens se trouvant dans la pratique festive même. L'abondance des détails a également pour objectif de faire vivre aux lecteurs les situations et de leur faire prendre conscience de leur caractère complexe et situé.

Modelling scenarios of diffusion and control of pandemic influenza, italy

En aquest article es resumeixen els resultats publicats en un informe de l' ISS (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) del desembre de 2006, sobre un model matemàtic desenvolupat per un grup de treball que inclou a investigadors de les Universitats de Trento, Pisa i Roma, i els Instituts Nacionals de Salut (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), per avaluar i mesurar l'impacte de la transmissió i el control de la pandèmia de grip

Immune cell impact of three differently coated lipid nanocapsules: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol.

Lipid nanocapsules (NCs) represent promising tools in clinical practice for diagnosis and therapy applications. However, the NC appropriate functionalization is essential to guarantee high biocompatibility and molecule loading ability. In any medical application, the immune system-impact of differently functionalized NCs still remains to be fully understood. A comprehensive study on the action exerted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and major immune subpopulations by three different NC coatings: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG) is reported. After a deep particle characterization, the uptake was assessed by flow-cytometry and confocal microscopy, focusing then on apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation impact in T cells and monocytes. Cell functionality by cell diameter variations, different activation marker analysis and cytokine assays were performed. We demonstrated that the NCs impact on the immune cell response is strongly correlated to their coating. Pluronic-NCs were able to induce immunomodulation of innate immunity inducing monocyte activations. Immunomodulation was observed in monocytes and T lymphocytes treated with Chitosan-NCs. Conversely, PEG-NCs were completely inert. These findings are of particular value towards a pre-selection of specific NC coatings depending on biomedical purposes for pre-clinical investigations; i.e. the immune-specific action of particular NC coating can be excellent for immunotherapy applications.

Nuevos retos para el sindicalismo europeo. La Jurisprudencia del TJUE relativa al desplazamiento de trabajadores en el marco de una prestación transnacional de servicios

El TJUE ha consagrado en sus sentencias Viking, Laval, Rüffert y Comisión contra Luxemburgo una interpretación restrictiva de la directiva 96/71/CE sobre el desplazamiento de trabajadores en el marco de prestación de servicios transnacional, dando preponderancia a los principios económicos de la UE, frente a los sociales, y favoreciendo el dumping social. El objetivo será analizar si los fundamentos jurídicos de las sentencias se pueden rebatir, y hacer especial hincapié en el posicionamiento de la Confederación Europea de Sindicatos a este respecto.