Estructura y relleno sedimentario de la semifosa neógena de Vilanova (Garraf, Barcelona)

En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio de una cuenca sedimentaria mediante la utilización conjunta de técnicas de cartografía geológica y datos de subsuelo, provenientes del análisis de sondeos mecánicos y de la determinación de las anomalías de la gravedad. La cuenca presenta una geometría asimétrica en forma de semigraben orientado segun la dirección regional ENE-OSO, controlado por fallas normales en dicha dirección en su límite NO, mientras que por el SE está delimitado por una discordancia. La existencia de un sistema asociado de fracturas, ortogonalmente dispuestas, complica el dispositivo anterior, resultando un basamento estructurado en bloques que configuran pequeñas subcuencas. La modelización gravimétrica de la cuenca en 3D ha permitido obtener un modelo de gran resolución para la geometria del basamento. El modelo geofísico obtenido ha sido contrastado con los datos provenientes de los sondeos...

Delitos de posición y delitos con elementos de autoría meramente tipificadores: nuevas bases para una distinción necesaria.

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar respuesta a tres de las principales cuestiones concernientes a la teoría general de los delitos especiales. En primer lugar, se trata de conocer en qué consiste esta categoría delictiva. Esto es, abundar en el concepto de delito especial. En segunda instancia, resulta obligado saber cuál es el fundamento material de la restricción del círculo de posibles autores que caracteriza a los delitos especiales. Y, por último, es preciso preguntarse si el extraneus que participa en un delito especial debe responder penalmente, y, en caso afirmativo, si debe hacerlo con la misma pena que el intraneus o bien con una pena atenuada. Todo ello se desarrollará con especial atención al actual art. 65.3 CP, el precepto que nació con la vocación de dar respuesta, al menos en parte, a las cuestiones que han sido formuladas, y que tanta controversia viene generando en la doctrina española prácticamente desde el momento en que entró en vigor.

Hierarchical linear models in Psychiatry: A bibliometric study

Development of research methods requires a systematic review of their status. This study focuses on the use of Hierarchical Linear Modeling methods in psychiatric research. Evaluation includes 207 documents published until 2007, included and indexed in the ISI Web of Knowledge databases; analyses focuses on the 194 articles in the sample. Bibliometric methods are used to describe the publications patterns. Results indicate a growing interest in applying the models and an establishment of methods after 2000. Both Lotka"s and Bradford"s distributions are adjusted to the data.

ICA as a preprocessing technique for classification

In this paper we propose the use of the independent component analysis (ICA) [1] technique for improving the classification rate of decision trees and multilayer perceptrons [2], [3]. The use of an ICA for the preprocessing stage, makes the structure of both classifiers simpler, and therefore improves the generalization properties. The hypothesis behind the proposed preprocessing is that an ICA analysis will transform the feature space into a space where the components are independent, and aligned to the axes and therefore will be more adapted to the way that a decision tree is constructed. Also the inference of the weights of a multilayer perceptron will be much easier because the gradient search in the weight space will follow independent trajectories. The result is that classifiers are less complex and on some databases the error rate is lower. This idea is also applicable to regression

Los riesgos geológicos y Ordenación Territorial

Existen amplias zonas del planeta en las que la incidencia de catástrofes naturales es muy elevada, especialmente en áreas con altas densidades de población y ocupación de espacios sometidos a riesgos naturales, la mayoría de los cuales tienen una filiación geológica clara. Por otra parte, la concienciación piública sobre estos fenómenos catastróficos naturales adquiere en la actualidad una dimensión añadida debido al papel preponderante desempeñado por los medios de comunicación, que muestran a todo el mundo, en cuestión de minutos, los efectos de estas catástrofes. Los ejemplos de los últimos grandes terremotos (Mejico, California y Japón), avalanchas, inundaciones, erupciones volcánicas, huracanes, etc, están presentes en la mente de todos.

Novetats per a la brioflora dels Pirineus Centrals

Con esta nota damos a conocer una lista de diez especies de briófitos procedentes del Valle de Aran y de la Alta Ribagorza. Se trata de especies muy raras en el territorio peninsular y algunas de ellas son nuevas para Cataluña.

Los riesgos geológicos y Ordenación Territorial

Existen amplias zonas del planeta en las que la incidencia de catástrofes naturales es muy elevada, especialmente en áreas con altas densidades de población y ocupación de espacios sometidos a riesgos naturales, la mayoría de los cuales tienen una filiación geológica clara. Por otra parte, la concienciación piública sobre estos fenómenos catastróficos naturales adquiere en la actualidad una dimensión añadida debido al papel preponderante desempeñado por los medios de comunicación, que muestran a todo el mundo, en cuestión de minutos, los efectos de estas catástrofes. Los ejemplos de los últimos grandes terremotos (Mejico, California y Japón), avalanchas, inundaciones, erupciones volcánicas, huracanes, etc, están presentes en la mente de todos.

MAGIC TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 421 during Multiwavelength Campaigns in 2006

Wide-range spectral coverage of blazar-type active galactic nuclei is of paramount importance for understanding the particle acceleration mechanisms assumed to take place in their jets. The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope participated in three multiwavelength (MWL) campaigns, observing the blazar Markarian (Mkn) 421 during the nights of April 28 and 29, 2006, and June 14, 2006. Aims. We analyzed the corresponding MAGIC very-high energy observations during 9 nights from April 22 to 30, 2006 and on June 14, 2006. We inferred light curves with sub-day resolution and night-by-night energy spectra. Methods. MAGIC detects γ-rays by observing extended air showers in the atmosphere. The obtained air-shower images were analyzed using the standard MAGIC analysis chain. Results. A strong γ-ray signal was detected from Mkn 421 on all observation nights. The flux (E > 250 GeV) varied on night-by-night basis between (0.92±0.11) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (0.57 Crab units) and (3.21±0.15) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (2.0 Crab units) in April 2006. There is a clear indication for intra-night variability with a doubling time of 36± min on the night of April 29, 2006, establishing once more rapid flux variability for this object. For all individual nights γ-ray spectra could be inferred, with power-law indices ranging from 1.66 to 2.47. We did not find statistically significant correlations between the spectral index and the flux state for individual nights. During the June 2006 campaign, a flux substantially lower than the one measured by the Whipple 10-m telescope four days later was found. Using a log-parabolic power law fit we deduced for some data sets the location of the spectral peak in the very-high energy regime. Our results confirm the indications of rising peak energy with increasing flux, as expected in leptonic acceleration models.

Deep GMRT radio observations and a multi-wavelength study of the region around HESS J1858+020

Context. There are a number of very high energy sources in the Galaxy that remain unidentified. Multi-wavelength and variability studies, and catalogue searches, are powerful tools to identify the physical counterpart, given the uncertainty in the source location and extension. Aims. This work carries out a thorough multi-wavelength study of the unidentified, very high energy source HESS J1858+020 and its environs. Methods. We have performed Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 610 MHz and 1.4 GHz to obtain a deep, low-frequency radio image of the region surrounding HESS J1858+020. We analysed archival radio, infrared, and X-ray data as well. This observational information, combined with molecular data, catalogue sources, and a nearby Fermi gamma-ray detection of unidentified origin, are combined to explore possible counterparts to the very high energy source. Results. We provide with a deep radio image of a supernova remnant that might be related to the GeV and TeV emission in the region. We confirm the presence of an H ii region next to the supernova remnant and coincident with molecular emission. A potential region of star formation is also identified. We identify several radio and X-ray sources in the surroundings. Some of these sources are known planetary nebulae, whereas others may be non-thermal extended emitters and embedded young stellar objects. Three old, background Galactic pulsars also neighbour HESS J1858+020 along the line of sight. Conclusions. The region surrounding HESS J1858+020 is rich in molecular structures and non-thermal objects that may potentially be linked to this unidentified very high energy source. In particular, a supernova remnant interacting with nearby molecular clouds may be a good candidate, but a star forming region, or a non-thermal radio source of yet unclear nature, may also be behind the gamma-ray source. The neighbouring pulsars, despite being old and distant, cannot be discarded as candidates. Further observational studies are needed, however, to narrow the search for a counterpart to the HESS source.

On the role of G protein-coupled receptors oligomerization

The existence of a supramolecular organization of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is now being widely accepted by the scientific community. Indeed, GPCR oligomers may enhance the diversity and performance by which extracellular signals are transferred to the G proteins in the process of receptor transduction, although the mechanism that underlies this phenomenon still remains unsolved. Recently, it has been proposed that a trans-conformational switching model could be the mechanism allowing direct inhibition/activation of receptor activation/inhibition, respectively. Thus, heterotropic receptor-receptor allosteric regulations are behind the GPCR oligomeric function. In this paper we want to revise how GPCR oligomerization impinges on several important receptor functions like biosynthesis, plasma membrane diffusion or velocity, pharmacology and signaling. In particular, the rationale of receptor oligomerization might lie in the need of sensing complex whole cell extracellular signals and translating them into a simple computational model.

Diapiro de Salinas de AÑana: ¿Un diapiro con un overhang? Modelo 3D gravimetrico

Se presenta el mapa gravimétrico de la Cubeta Alavesa, donde se pueden localizar de forma clara los diapiros salinos aflorantes en la misma, y también otras estructuras también diapíricas situadas a mayor profundidad. Se ha modelizado en 3D, mediante dos técnicas gravimétricas diferentes, el diapiro de Salinas de Añana. El cual presenta una gran extensión en superficie pero que en cambio no se proyecta de la misma manera en profundidad, habiéndose detectado la presencia de una extensión lateral u overghang hacia el SW.

Geofísica ambiental: técnicas no destructivas para el reconocimiento de zonas contaminadas por vertidos

Los países industrializados afrontan ahora las consecuencias de varias décadas de gestión inadecuada de sus residuos tóxicos y peligrosos. En las últimas décadas el volumen de residuos generados ha aumentado en progresión geométrica provocando un riesgo toxicológico para el hombre a través de su interacción con el medio fisico. El vertido incontrolado de todo tipo de residuos ha sido una práctica creciente en muchas localidades. Importantes volUmenes de residuos industriales y de otros tipos (urbanos, agncolas, etc.) han sido enterrados en vertederos, muchos de los cuales carecen de las barreras geológicas naturales o artificiles, y los fluidos tóxicos que se producen por lixiviación pueden migrar hacia el exterior y contaminar las aguas subterráneas. El problema se agrava cuando una vez colmatado el vertedero se cubre de tierra y se pierde la información relativa a las prácticas de vertido practicadas en el pasado.

Moths behaving like butterflies. Evolutionary loss of long range attractant pheromones in Castniid Moths: A Paysandisia archon model

Background: In the course of evolution butterflies and moths developed two different reproductive behaviors. Whereas butterflies rely on visual stimuli for mate location, moths use the"female calling plus male seduction" system, in which females release long-range sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. There are few exceptions from this pattern but in all cases known female moths possess sex pheromone glands which apparently have been lost in female butterflies. In the day-flying moth family Castniidae ("butterfly-moths"), which includes some important crop pests, no pheromones have been found so far. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a multidisciplinary approach we described the steps involved in the courtship of P. archon, showing that visual cues are the only ones used for mate location; showed that the morphology and fine structure of the antennae of this moth are strikingly similar to those of butterflies, with male sensilla apparently not suited to detect female-released long range pheromones; showed that its females lack pheromone-producing glands, and identified three compounds as putative male sex pheromone (MSP) components of P. archon, released from the proximal halves of male forewings and hindwings. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides evidence for the first time in Lepidoptera that females of a moth do not produce any pheromone to attract males, and that mate location is achieved only visually by patrolling males, which may release a pheromone at short distance, putatively a mixture of Z,E-farnesal, E,E-farnesal, and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol. The outlined behavior, long thought to be unique to butterflies, is likely to be widespread in Castniidae implying a novel, unparalleled butterfly-like reproductive behavior in moths. This will also have practical implications in applied entomology since it signifies that the monitoring/control of castniid pests should not be based on the use of female-produced pheromones, as it is usually done in many moths.

Radio continuum and near-infrared study of the MGRO J2019+37 region

MGRO J2019+37 is an unidentified extended source of very high energy gamma-rays originally reported by the Milagro Collaboration as the brightest TeV source in the Cygnus region. Its extended emission could be powered by either a single or several sources. The GeV pulsar AGL J2020.5+3653 , discovered by AGILE and associated with PSR J2021+3651 , could contribute to the emission from MGRO J2019+37 . Aims. Our aim is to identify radio and near-infrared sources in the field of the extended TeV source MGRO J2019+37 , and study potential counterparts to explain its emission. Methods. We surveyed a region of about 6 square degrees with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at the frequency 610 MHz. We also observed the central square degree of this survey in the near-infrared -band using the 3.5 m telescope in Calar Alto. Archival X-ray observations of some specific fields are included. VLBI observations of an interesting radio source were performed. We explored possible scenarios to produce the multi-TeV emission from MGRO J2019+37 and studied which of the sources could be the main particle accelerator. Results. We present a catalogue of 362 radio sources detected with the GMRT in the field of MGRO J2019+37 , and the results of a cross-correlation of this catalog with one obtained at near-infrared wavelengths, which contains ~3105 sources, as well as with available X-ray observations of the region. Some peculiar sources inside the ~1° uncertainty region of the TeV emission from MGRO J2019+37 are discussed in detail, including the pulsar PSR J2021+3651 and its pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1 , two new radio-jet sources, the H II region Sh 2-104 containing two star clusters, and the radio source NVSS J202032+363158 . We also find that the hadronic scenario is the most likely in case of a single accelerator, and discuss the possible contribution from the sources mentioned above. Conclusions. Although the radio and GeV pulsar PSR J2021+3651 / AGL J2020.5+3653 and its associated pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1 can contribute to the emission from MGRO J2019+37 , extrapolation of the GeV spectrum does not explain the detected multi-TeV flux. Other sources discussed here could contribute to the emission of the Milagro source.