Comparação dos Perfis Lipídicos de Plasma de uma População da Região Norte

Os ácidos gordos desempenham um papel fisiológico importante como componentes indispensáveis na estrutura celular, bem como fontes de energia. Nas últimas décadas, tem havido um aumento notável do interesse público nos ácidos gordos polinsaturados ómegas 3 e 6 e no seu impacto sobre a saúde humana, especialmente em doenças metabólicas e cardiovasculares. Estes ácidos gordos específicos podem prevenir e/ou tratar várias patologias metabólicas, atuando nomeadamente como compostos anti-inflamatórios. A menopausa é um fator de risco para doença cardiovascular, a diminuição de estrogénio, que ocorre neste estado fisiológico, provoca disfunção endotelial e stresse oxidativo. Consequentemente há uma redução dos níveis de ácidos gordos polinsaturados ómegas 3, o que contribui para o aparecimento de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e caracterizar o perfil lipídico de ácidos gordos de uma amostra de mulheres pós-menopausa e com este, estudar as associações entre o perfil lipídico determinado e parâmetros metabólicos de risco (parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos). Inicialmente, os ácidos gordos foram extraídos da matriz plasmática através da derivatização destes e a sua composição percentual no plasma foi determinada com recurso a cromatografia gasosa com deteção de ionização de chama. De seguida, através do software IBM SPSS Statistics 21, foram estabelecidas associações entre os parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos e o perfil lipídico determinado. A população em estudo foi divida em dois grupos consoante o período de entrada na menopausa (há menos de 7 anos e há 7 anos ou mais). Não há conhecimento de estudos semelhantes ao apresentado, que relacionem todo o perfil de ácidos gordos com parâmetros metabólicos de risco considerando o estado menopausal. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o perfil lipídico influencia vários marcadores metabólicos / endócrinos com relevância clínica que devem ser explorados em futuros ensaios clínicos. Para as mulheres na menopausa há menos de 7 anos foram estabelecidas as seguintes relações: i) entre os ácidos gordos saturados e insaturados cis e os níveis de ALP; ii) entre os ácidos gordos mono e polinsaturados cis e os níveis de GGT, IL10 e estradiol; iii) entre os ácidos gordos polinsaturados trans e o IMC e os níveis de IL6; iv) entre os ómegas 3 e os níveis de IL10 e ácido úrico; v) entre os ómegas 6 e os níveis de estradiol, ALP e GGT; vi) entre os ómegas 9 e os níveis de estradiol e GGT; vi) entre os ácidos gordos de curta cadeia e os níveis de colesterol total, LDL, triglicerídeos e IL10; vii) entre os ácidos gordos saturados de cadeia longa e o ΣÁcido láurico, mirístico, palmítico e esteárico e os níveis de triglicerídeos, ALP e GGT; viii) os níveis de IL10 podem ser simultaneamente associados com os ácidos gordos de curta cadeia e os ómegas 3. Para as mulheres na menopausa há 7 anos ou mais foram estabelecidas relações: i) entre os ómegas 3 e o IMC e os níveis de triglicerídeos; ii) entre os ácidos gordos monoinsaturados cis e os ómegas 9 com os níveis de ALT. Relações independentes do estado menopausal também foram estabelecidas, nomeadamente: i) entre os ácidos gordos polinsaturados cis e ómegas 6 e os níveis de ALT, triglicerídeos e AST; ii) entre os níveis de ácidos gordos monoinsaturados cis e ómegas 9 e os níveis de AST e triglicerídeos. O perfil lipídico de ácidos gordos pode ser considerado um biomarcador para a condição de saúde da mulher na menopausa.

Stochastic modeling of the thermal and catalytic degradation of polyethylene using simultaneous DSC/TG analysis

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Integração de informação secundária na modelação geoestatística da qualidade de solos em locais potencialmente contaminados. Aplicação à área subjacente de uma antiga refinaria

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Geológica (Georrecursos)

Comparative effects of sediments contaminated by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs in Dicentrarchus labrax: a semi-quantitative histopathological approach

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente

Efeito da idade ao abate e uso de suplementação sobre a relação de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros da raça Morada Nova.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da idade ao abate e do uso ou não de suplementação na fase de cria sobre as relações de ácidos graxos da carne de ovinos. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros Morada Nova, machos, não castrados, abatidos aos 60, 78, 106 e 134 dias, em grupos de 8 cordeiros por abate. Na carne avaliada foram identificados sete ácidos graxos saturados, cinco ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e cinco ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. O uso da suplementação na fase de cria (com Creep feeding) não alterou as relações entre ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados, bem como o percentual de ácidos graxos desejáveis (P>0,05) presentes na carne de cordeiros. A idade ao abate interferiu positiva e linearmente na relação entre ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e insaturados, o que permite abater os cordeiros com até 134 dias sem prejuízo para as relações entre os ácidos graxos [Effect of age at slaughter and use of supplementation on the ratio of fatty acids of meat from lambs of Morada Nova race]. Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter and the use or not supplementation in creating phase on the relationship of fatty acids of sheep meat. 32 Morada Nova lambs were used, male, not castrated, slaughtered at 60, 78, 106 and 134 days, 8 lambs for slaughter groups. In evaluated meat were identified seven saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and five polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of supplementation in the creation phase (with Creep feeding) did not alter the relationship between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the percentage of desirable fatty acids (P>0,05) in the lamb meat. The age at slaughter interfered positively and linearly in the relationship between monounsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which allows slaughter lambs up to 134 days without prejudice to the relationship between fatty acids

Analysis of the interaction of polycyclic aromatic compounds in a model organism: integration of genotoxic and histopathological effects

Due to their toxicity, especially their carcinogenic potential, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) became priority pollutants in biomonitoring programmes and environmental policy, such as the European Water Framework Directive. The model substances tested in this study, namely benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), considered potentially carcinogenic to humans and an effector carcinogenic PAH to wildlife, and phenanthrene (Phe), deemed a non-carcinogenic PAH, are common PAHs in coastal waters, owning distinct properties reflected in different, albeit overlapping, mechanisms of toxicity. Still, as for similar PAHs, their interaction effects remain largely unknown. In order to study the genotoxic effects of caused by the interaction of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs, and their relation to histopathological alterations, juvenile sea basses, Dicentrarchus labrax, a highly ecologically- and economically-relevant marine fish, were injected with different doses (5 and 10 μg.g-1 fish ww) of the two PAHs, isolated or in mixture, and incubated for 48 h. Individuals injected with B[b]F and the PAH mixture exhibited higher clastogenic/aneugenic effects and DNA strand breakage in blood cells, determined through the erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) and Comet assays, respectively. Also, hepatic histopathological alterations were found in all animals, especially those injected with B[b]F and the PAH mixture, relating especially to inflammation. Still, Phe also exhibited genotoxic effects in sea bass, especially in higher doses, revealing a very significant acute effect that was accordant with the Microtox test performed undergone in parallel. Overall, sea bass was sensitive to B[b]F (a higher molecular weight PAH), likely due to efficient bioactivation of the pollutant (yielding genotoxic metabolites and reactive oxygen species), when compared to Phe, the latter revealing a more significant acute effect. The results indicate no significant additive effect between the substances, under the current experimental conditions. The present study highlights the importance of understanding PAH interactions in aquatic organisms, since they are usually present in the aquatic environment in complex mixtures.

Observations of air composition in Brazil between the Equator and 20°s during the dry season.

Field measurement programs in Brazil during the dry season months of August and September in 1979 and 1980 have demonstrated the great importance of the continental tropics in global air chemistry. Especially in the mixed layer, the air composition over land is much different from that over the ocean and the land areas are clearly longe scale sources of many inportant trace gases. During the dry season much biomass, burning takes place especially in the cerrado regions leading to substantial emission of air pollutants, such as CO, NOx, N2O, CH4 and other hydrocarbons. Ozone concentrations are alsoenhanced due to photochemical reactions. Biogenic organic emissions from tropical forests play likewise an important role in the photochemistry of the atmosphere. Carbon monoxide was found to be present in high concentrations in the boundary layer of the tropical forest, but ozone concentrations were much lower than in the cerrado.

Synthesis and characterization of C3-symmetric 1,3,5 - Benzenetricarboxamide derived supramolecular systems

The aim of this work was to study the self-assembly process of C3-symmetric molecules. To accomplish this objective 1,3,5 – benzentricarboxamides (BTA) derivatives were obtained. Five C3-symmetric molecules were synthesized in moderate to good yields (39-72%) using azo-benzene, aniline, benzylamine, tryptophan and tyrosine. The aggregation behavior of the BTA derivatives was probed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 1H-1H 2D Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY). These experiments allowed to study the influence of H-bonding groups, aromatic rings, unsaturated bonds and the overall geometry in the molecular self-assembly associated with the different structural patterns present on these molecules. The stacking and large molecule behavior where observed in BTA 1, aniline derivative, BTA 4, tyrosine derivative or BTA 5, tryptophan derivative, with several of those discussed functional groups such as unsaturated bonds and H-bonding groups. BTA 5 was used in a few preliminary interaction studies with glucose and ammonium chloride showing interaction with the ammonium ion.

Development of a new U 200 pultrusion die to produce GRP composite profiles using different thermosetting resins

In this work, a steel heated pultrusion die was designed, developed and manufactured to produce U200 glass fibre reinforced thermosetting matrix (GRP) profiles. The finite element analysis (FEA) was used to predict and optimise the developed die heating by using cylindrical electrical powered cartridges. To assess the new die performance it was mounted in the 120 kN pultrusion line of the Portuguese company Vidropol SA and used to produce continuously U200 profiles able to meet all requirements specified for the E23 grade accordingly to the European Standard EN 13706: 2002. After setting up the type, orientation and sequence of layers in laminate, orthophthalic, isophthalic and bisphenolic unsaturated polyester as well as vinylester resins were used to produce glass fibre reinforced U 200 composite profiles. An appropriated catalyst system was selected and the processing variables optimised for each case, namely, pultrusion pull-speed and die temperature. Finally, the produced U200 profiles were submitted to visual inspection, calcination and mechanical tests, namely, flexural, tensional and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, to assess their accomplishment with the EN 13706 requirements.

Using a new developed die and different types of thermosetting resins to produce U200 profiles by pultrusion

In this work, a new steel heated pultrusion die was designed, developed and manufactured to produce U200 glass fibre reinforced thermosetting matrix (GRP) profiles. The finite element analysis (FEA) was used to predict and optimise the developed die heating by using cylindrical electrical powered cartridges. To assess the new die performance it was mounted in the 120 kN pultrusion line of the Portuguese company Vidropol SA and used to produce continuously U200 profiles able to meet all requirements specified for the E23 grade accordingly to the European Standard EN 13706: 2002. After setting up the type, orientation and sequence of layers in the U 200 laminate, different types of thermosetting resins were used in its production. Orthophthalic, isophthalic and bisphenolic unsaturated polyester as well as vinylester resins were used to produce glass fibre reinforced U 200 composite profiles. All applied resins were submitted to SPI gel tests in order to select the more appropriated catalyst system and optimise the processing variables to be used in each case, namely, pultrusion pull-speed and die temperature. The best pultrusion operational conditions were selected by varying and monitoring the pull-speed and die temperature and, at the same time, measuring the temperature on the manufactured U 200 profile during processing. Finally, the produced U200 profiles were submitted to visual inspection, calcination and mechanical tests, namely, flexural, tensional and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, to assess their accomplishment with the EN 13706 requirements.

Structural, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of polycrystalline AlN films sputtered on titanium bottom electrodes

Polycrystalline AlN coatings deposited on Ti-electrodes films were sputtered by using nitrogen both as reactive gas and sputtering gas, in order to obtain high purity coatings with appropriate properties to be further integrated into wear resistance coatings as a piezoelectric monitoring wear sensor. The chemical composition, the structure and the morphology of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. These measurements show the formation of highly (101), (102) and (103) oriented AlN films with good piezoelectric and mechanical properties suitable for applications in electronic devices. Through the use of lower nitrogen flow a densification of the AlN coating occurs in the microstructure, with an improvement of the crystallinity along with the increase of the hardness. Thermal stability of aluminum nitride coatings at high temperature was also examined. It was found an improvement of the piezoelectric properties of the highly (10x) oriented AlN films which became c-axis (002) oriented after annealing. The mechanical behavior after heat treatment shows an important enhancement of the surface hardness and Young’s modulus, which decrease rapidly with the increase of the indentation depth until approach constant values close to the substrate properties after annealing. Thus, thermal annealing energy promotes not only the rearrangement of Al–N network, but also the occurrence of a nitriding process of unsaturated Al atoms which cause a surface hardening of the film.

Single-function approach to calibrating whatman n.º 42 filter paper based on suction versus water content relationships

Several suction–water-content (s-w) calibrations for the filter paper method (FPM) used for soil-suction measurement have been published. Most of the calibrations involve a bilinear function (i.e., two different equations) with an inflection point occurring at 60 kPa

Synthesis of polyhydroxylated compounds from Derythrose: enzymatic inhibition studies

Dissertação de mestrado em Química Medicinal

Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria: from bioremediation to bioenergy feedstock

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e Biológica.

Who is who in anaerobic oil biodegradation?

[Excerpt] Anaerobic bioremediation is an important alternative for the common aerobic cleanup of subsurface petroleum-contaminated soil and water. Microbial communities involved in anaerobic oil biodegradation are scarcely studied, and only few mechanisms of anaerobic hydrocarbons degradation are described. In this work, microbial degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHC) was studied by using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Hexadecane and hexadecene-degrading microbial communities were enriched under sulfate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. The microorganisms present in the enriched cultures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (...)