Distribución geográfica etaria y racial de la hemoglobina S en Brasil.

OBJECTIVES: This paper was meant to analyse distribution of HbS carriers in Brazil, comprising its regional prevalence and the relationship with racial settlement and age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 67,667 blood samples from 48 Brazilian towns were analysed from 1976 to 1988. Such samples were classified as Caucasoid and Negroid. The diagnosis was defined by means of qualitative electrophoresis in alkaline and acid pH, quantification of haemoglobin fractions, cytological studies and some cases were confirmed after examination of the parents. RESULTS: The study of those 67,667 samples allowed us to detect 1,492 HbS carriers (2.2%). That frequency is higher among Negroids (5.16%) than among Caucasoids (1.22%): Z = 22.1397 (Zcritical; 0.05 = 1.9600). Taking the HbS carrier distribution into consideration, we noticed that it is relatively homogeneous among Negroids and higher than 5% in 9 out of the 16 areas involved in the study. By classifying the age group of the areas in the general sample and by comparing the proportions, we found out that there are significant differences (chi 2 = 50.88; chi 2 critical; 0.05; 5 gl = 11.070). CONCLUSIONS: Sickle-cell anaemia diseases play an important role among the pathologies found in several countries, including Brazil. This paper shows that the carriers prevalence varies in the several areas under study and is higher among Negroids in almost all of them. The decreasing frequency occurring from North to South in the general samples and among Caucasoids may be assigned to the contribution of the Negroes in the interracial crossing, particularly in the Northeast.

Penfigo foliaceo no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, SP

BACKGROUND - Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune bullous disease that is endemic in Brazil and in other South American countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia. OBJECTIVES - To compare the observed clinical and epidemiological data with those referred in the literature. METHOD - Retrospective study in patients with pemphigus foliaceus admitted to and treated at University Hospital of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, SP, Brazil, from 1976 to 1993, analyzing the following variables: age, sex, race, origin and onset of disease. RESULTS - From 1976 to 1993, 63 patients were treated, with an average of 3.7 cases/year. Patients within the age range of 20 to 60 years old were the most affected. Most of the patients were white, females being slightly more affected than males. The majority of male patients were rural workers. Some towns presented higher incidence of cases. Most of the patients from rural areas became sick mainly in summer and in autumn. Occurrence of similar cases was observed in blood-related family members and neighbors. CONCLUSIONS - Clinical and epidemiological data were similar to those referred in the literature.

Caracterização da população portadora de tuberculose do município de Américo Brasiliense/SP, no período de 1992 a 2002

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem all over the world, which was recognized by the WHO in 1993 as a global emergency because of its very high incidence in the 22 countries that concentrate 80% of TB cases. One of these countries is Brazil, where TB occurrences are well-documented in major cities, but little is known of its spread in rural areas and small towns. Therefore, an epidemiological study was done on medical records of TB sufferers in the rural district and small town of Américo Brasiliense, São Paulo state, from 1992 to 2002, with the aim of improving TB prevention and treatment. The results showed that the incidence of TB peaked in the years of intense migration of rural workers, largely cane-cutters. Among these, the disease attacks mainly the men, in their productive years (20 to 40 years old). The predominant clinical form observed was pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment abandonment rate was less than 1.8%, while the cure rate was around 90%. The disease detection rate by examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli was around 60%.

Tamanho de amostra e estimativa de custo em levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária

This study aimed to analyze how the prevalence and the distribution of dental caries influence the sample size in epidemiological surveys, and how much are the costs. Secondary data of oral health surveys in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Bauru in 1976, 1984, 1990, 1994, and 2001, and from Piracicaba in 2001 and 2005 were studied. Sample sizes were estimated taking into account the mean DMFT and standard deviation of each survey, establishing sampling errors of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. Costs were estimated considering permanent material, consumption material and human resources. The sample size in both towns needed to be increased, ranging from 119 in 1976 to 1,118 in 2001 in Bauru, and from 954 in 2001 to 1,252 in 2005 in Piracicaba, when a sampling error of 10% was considered. The cost of dental caries surveys was verified considering different sampling errors. This cost depends on how acceptable is the margin of difference between the true mean and the one found in the survey. In conclusion, the reduction in the prevalence of dental caries has determined the need for increase in sample size and in costs for conducting the surveys.

Marginality and social integration in Uruguay

Includes bibliography

Potentially inappropriate medications used by the elderly: Prevalence and risk factors in Brazilian care homes

Abstract. Background: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among the elderly is a serious public health problem because it is intrinsically linked to increased morbidity and mortality, causing high costs to public health systems. This study's objective was to verify the prevalence of and the factors associated with the use of PIMs by elderly Brazilians in institutional settings. Methods. We performed a transversal study, by consulting the case files of elderly people living in Long Term Care for the Elderly (LTC) in towns in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as structured interviews with the nurses responsible for them.We identified PIMs using the list of recently updated Beers criteria developed by a group of specialists from the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), who reviewed the criteria based on studies with high scientific evidence levels. We defined the factors studied to evaluate the association with PIM use prior to the statistical analyses, which were the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the elderly who used drugs daily, 82.6% were taking at least one PIM, with antipsychotics (26.5%) and analgesics (15.1%) being the most commonly used. Out of all the medications used, 32.4% were PIMs, with 29.7% of these being PIMs that the elderly should avoid independent of their condition, 1.1% being inappropriate medication for older adults with certain illnesses or syndromes, and 1.6% being medications that older adults should use with caution. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with PIM use were: polypharmacy (p = 0.0187), cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.0036), psychiatric disorders (p < 0.0001) and dependency (p = 0.0404). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of PIM use in institutionalized elderly Brazilian patients. and the associated factors were polypharmacy, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular diseases and dependency. © 2013 Lima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Avaliação do Helicobacter em cães oriundos do Biotério Central da Unesp - Campus de Botucatu

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

A extração e a indústria da madeira no município de Rio Branco - AC

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Apropriação capitalista da terra e a formação da pequena propriedade em Jales-SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Programa de aquisição de alimentos (PAA) e o desenvolvimento territorial : um estudo comparativo entre os municípios de Euclides da Cunha Paulista-SP e Paranavaí-PR

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Caracterização do atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em Três Lagoas (MS), com ênfase na adesão à terapia antirretroviral potente combinada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Oferta educacional e parceria com o setor privado: um perfil dos municípios paulistas com até 10.000 habitantes

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Transformação de hábitos e sustentabilidade: a evolução de interpretantes na (auto) construção da cidade

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

Shopping Centers: segregação, exclusão e inclusão. Análise a partir de bairros residenciais em Presidente Prudente-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proposta de uma abordagem de análise para a implantação de plataformas logísticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)