L'imaginari monumental i artístic del turisme cultural. El cas de la revista Barcelona Atracción

Aportació al Turisme Cultural a partir de l'estudi i anàlisi d'una revista de difusió turística en el mercat internacional, la Barcelona Atracción. (1910-1936 i 1945-1954), amb un anàlisi més extens de l'etapa republicana. La revista s' edita a Barcelona i es difon als cinc continents des de 1910. S'analitza la construcció de la imatge i la propaganda turístiques a partir de la posada en valor del patrimoni cultural, sobretot del monumental i artístic. S'annexen resums de tots els articles de la revista mensual Barcelona Atracción que d'una manera directa o indirecta tenen per subjecte un element cultural tangible o intangible, i un recull de centenars d'imatges de personalitats, monuments, cartells, que il·lustren la revista en l'etapa republicana.

Mirades turístiques a la ciutat. Anàlisi del comportament dels visitants del Barri Vell de Girona

Mirades Turístiques a la ciutat és un estudi sobre el comportament del turisme en les ciutats monumentals, a partir de l'experiència viscuda pels visitants del Barri Vell de Girona. Una recerca que ha pretès determinar, precisament, la forma com els visitants entren en contacte amb el patrimoni monumental de la ciutat medieval. A partir, d'identificar quins factors influeixen (i quins no) en el comportament dels turistes durant la seva visita, tant pel que fa referència als factors ambientals generals (la meteorologia, la congestió, la informació...) com els factors singulars de cada visitant. Per tal d'assolir aquests objectius, en hem plantejat una sèrie d'hipòtesis de treball: 1. Existeix una manera turística d'apropar-se al patrimoni que té les seves pròpies regles, les seves estructures específiques i en conseqüència la necessitat d'uns instruments de gestió particulars. 2. L'aproximació del turista al patrimoni monumental és el resultat de dues forces aparentment contradictòries. D'una banda, el turista tendeix a reproduir pautes de comportament socialment construïdes que prenen la forma d'un ritual. D'altra banda, més enllà d'aquest patró comú, cada visitant viu una experiència singular. Per tant, la relació amb el patrimoni és el resultat d'un subtil equilibri entre experiència i ritual. 3. El consum turístic del patrimoni depèn de la relació entre quatre factors. El primer, la imatge del lloc, és la projecció (sovint idealitzada) de l'espai de visita, una metàfora de la ciutat. El segon, el codi d'interpretació turístic , actua com una mena de ritual, un guió no escrit de la pràctica turística. En tercer lloc, el substrat material que són els components artístics, històrics o culturals de la destinació: la geometria del casc, les visuals, el pes de la història o el valor estètic de les peces condicionen, com és obvi, la mirada turística. Finalment, l'experiència està condicionada per la gestió (pública i privada) del turisme: informació, fluxos, interpretació... L'estudi s'ha sustentat en una metodologia inèdita basada en l'observació directa a partir del seguiment dels visitants durant els seus recorreguts. Hem observat el visitants i hem recollit la informació bàsica de la seva visita: l'itinerari, els monuments visitats, les actituds manifestades, els temps d'estada... Aquesta metodologia ha estat ja implementada en alguns estudis de públic de diversos museus. S'han recollit tres tipus de dades: dades relacionades amb els arcs (segment de carrer entre dues interseccions), dades relacionades amb els nodes (els elements d'interès) i dades relacionades amb el visitant. Les tres fonts estan unides per un identificador comú, que és el codi del turista. Això ens ha permès vincular les dades dels visitants amb el seu recorregut i la seva visita als monuments de la ciutat. Els resultats de l'estudi ens han permès identificar els factors que singularitzen l'apropament dels visitants al patrimoni i que el diferencien d'altres formes de relació o ús. És a dir, els factors que incideixen en el comportament dels visitants de Girona. Així mateix, hem pogut definir models d'itineraris amb una estructura interna molt compacta però molt diferents entre ells; que ens evidencien que, malgrat les regularitats detectades en les visites dels turistes de la ciutat, també existeixen elements diferencials en el seu comportament. Hem detectat quatre models de recorreguts urbans que hem anomenat: itinerari bàsic, comercial, complex i de les muralles, que a l'hora es poden subdividir en varies categories. Finalment, els estadístics multivariants ens han permès demostrar que la relació entre el turista i el patrimoni respon almenys a quatre formes de consum diferenciades, que hem anomenat "no turistes", "rituals", "interessats" i "erudits".

Women on March in Goa : the gender transition in Higher Education after the Statehood

This paper attempts to address the interesting phenomenon of dominance of women in higher educational sector of Goa-a remarkable postcolonial event which occurred after Goa attained statehood in 1987. The Indian state of Goa has been experiencing a rapid socio-economic and cultural transformation. At present it enjoys many of the highest human development indicators in India, matching some of the developed countries. Its’ projected population at present is 1.45 million (Indian decennial census 2001 reported 1.348 million). When the Portuguese rule ended, the literacy was just 31 % whereas it stood at 82 % in 2001. Goa is a highly urbanized state in India. In 1960 there were just five towns and 15 % urban population. In 2001 the figures were, 44 towns and 50 % urban population. On economic front Goa has made tremendous progress mainly on account of the growth of mining, tourism and the service sector. Tourist arrivals in Goa have exceeded the state’s population from 2001. The Gross state domestic product (GSDP) at current prices in 2003-04 was Indian Rupees (Rs.) 96570 million, up from Rs. 3930 million when Goa became a full-fledged state. The banks are flush with funds indicating a booming economy. Goa has lowest birth and death rates and a life expectancy of 68 years for the males and 72 for females. The sex ratio however has shown a declining trend since 1960, from 1066 to 960 in 2001 (Table 1).The sex ratio for 0-6 years age group was 933. On this background we intend to examine the changing pattern of female education in Goa.

Imagem de São Tomé e Principe do ponto de vista do Turismo

RESUMO: Esta dissertação visa dar uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento do turismo de STP (São Tomé e Príncipe). Foram consideradas variáveis como a experiência turística, satisfação turística, imagem turística e a intenção de recomendar a região/país, de modo a aferir as percepções dos turistas estrangeiros relativamente à avaliação da imagem turística, atendendo que o país possui um conjunto de características naturais para a prática do turismo. Neste contexto, foi aplicado um inquérito aos turistas na capital de S.Tomé (nomeadamente em, hotéis, residenciais, restaurantes, bares e no Aeroporto Internacional de São Tomé) entre os meses de Março a Maio de 2010. O estudo desenvolvido tem duas vertentes, a exploratório/descritivo e conclusiva, com ênfase na análise do tipo qualitativo e quantitativo. Utilizou-se igualmente a análise de regressão, a qual permitiu perceber a relação entre as variáveis identificadas, constatando-se que a percepção de imagem global, o passa-palavra positiva e a intenção de voltar depende da identidade do local e dos alimentos e bebidas. ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to make a contribution to the development of tourism STP (Sao Tome and Principe). Several variables were regarded, such as the tourism experience, tourist satisfaction, tourism image and intention to recommend the region / country in order to gauge the perceptions of foreign tourists with regards to the evaluation of the tourism image, given that the country has a set of natural features for practice tourism. In this context, a survey was administered to tourists in the capital of São Tome and Principe, including hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, bars and the international airport of São Tomé during the months of March to May 2010. The developed study has two components, exploratory / descriptive and conclusive, with emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is also used regression analysis, which allowed us to perceive the relationship between the variables identified, noting that the perception of global image, the positive word of mouth and intention to return depends on the identity of the place and food and beverages.

Turismo religioso: potencial de desenvolvimento turístico da Vila de Arcozelo, Vila Nova de Gaia

RESUMO: Existem vários turistas que se descolam para um determinado destino impulsionados por uma ou mais motivações. De qualquer das formas, devido ao intenso ritmo de vida das pessoas, a religião tem sido, cada vez mais, um elemento turístico que atrai várias pessoas que têm como principal motivação a fé. O Turismo Religioso ou Turismo com destino religioso, não tem sido considerado individualmente. Isto significa que este tipo de Turismo tem uma ligação forte com o património existente em áreas que desenvolvem a actividade turística. Por sua vez, o Turismo Religioso só é praticado quando existe esse património. A Vila de Arcozelo em Vila Nova de Gaia é um local que se depara com algumas limitações em termos económicos pelo que o Turismo poderá desempenhar um papel importante na sua estratégia de desenvolvimento. Apesar de afastada do grande centro urbano portuense, consegue atrair vários tipos de turistas, nomeadamente turistas de sol e mar e religiosos. Estes últimos têm como principal curiosidade visitar a “Santa” Maria Adelaide, mais conhecida por a “Santa das Noivas”. Em síntese, em termos científicos, esta Dissertação, procurou analisar as influências e o potencial que o Turismo Religioso pode representar para esta Vila e assim contribuir de forma consistente para o desenvolvimento local. ABSTRACT: There are many tourists who travel to a certain destination driven by one or more motivations. Anyway, due to the intense pace of life, religion has been, increasingly, a tourist element that attracts many people whose main motivation is faith. Religious tourism or tourism to a religious destination has not been considered. This means that this type of tourism has a strong connection with the existing heritage areas to develop tourism. On the other hand, religious tourism is practiced only when there is such a heritage. The Village of Arcozelo in Vila Nova de Gaia is a place that faces some limitations in terms of economics therefore tourism can play an important role in its development strategy. Although away from the major urban centre of Porto, the place manages to attract various types of tourists, especially sun and sea tourists, and religious tourist. These last ones have the curiosity to visit “Santa Maria Adelaide”, better known as the “Saint of the Brides”. Summarising, in scientific terms, this thesis sought to analyze the influences and the potential that religious tourism can bring to this village and this way consistently contribute to local development

O impacto do turismo na qualidade de vida e bem-estar do turista

O turismo é actualmente uma das actividades de maior crescimento, de maior importância para a economia mundial e que gera mais emprego. No entanto, os benefícios do turismo não podem ser reduzidos aos económicos. Alguns autores defendem a existência de uma relação entre o turismo, a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar daqueles envolvidos na experiência turística, mas nenhum deles demonstra objectivamente essa relação, não havendo em Portugal qualquer investigação nesse sentido. O objectivo deste trabalho é, assim, avaliar o impacto do turismo na qualidade de vida e bem-estar do turista português. Para realizar esta análise foram utilizados dois instrumentos (WHOQOL-BREF e EBP), que estiveram disponíveis on-line durante um ano para quem quisesse responder voluntariamente. Foram obtidas 1059 respostas. Os resultados demonstraram que o turismo afecta positivamente a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar, sendo esta relação significativa no que respeita a algumas das dimensões da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar. Este estudo vem demonstrar que os gestores da área devem promover serviços que valorizem experiências pessoais satisfatórias, que gerem afectos positivos e que estes efeitos sejam duradoiros, uma vez que podem gerar lealdade com o destino, vontade de gastar mais e de recomendar quando se volta a casa.

Evolução e perspectivas das necessidades de formação turística e hoteleira na Região do Alentejo

Num mundo cada vez mais global, com alterações constantes nos comportamentos dos consumidores, de novos e emergentes destinos e criativas formas de exploração turística, a diferenciação turística irá fazer-se cada vez mais pela qualidade dos serviços prestados. Essa qualidade terá que passar inevitavelmente pelos seus recursos humanos, e neste domínio o papel da formação profissional na sua qualificação será preponderante. As empresas necessitam ao nível das profissões operacionais, que as pessoas possuam mais competências de adaptação à constante mudança, mais capacidade prospetiva, mais comportamento inovador. Contudo estas não se revelam muito atrativas para as novas gerações, não permitindo uma relação perfeita entre trabalho e usufruto da vida, reconhecimento social e retorno salarial. A recente expansão da formação no turismo e na hotelaria, leva a questionar a sustentabilidade desta progressão em termos de empregabilidade no país ou na região, existindo opiniões quanto à necessidade de ocorrerem mudanças profundas na lógica do sistema de formação profissional. Os vários organismos oficiais que tutelam esta matéria, têm funcionado com notória descoordenação, duplicando atividades e consumindo recursos tão escassos na atual conjuntura. Neste contexto, pretende-se compreender a atual situação da oferta formativa em turismo e hotelaria na histórica região do Alentejo, quer no ensino superior quer no ensino técnico-profissional e aferir a sua adequação ao objetivo de formar os futuros profissionais para o mercado de trabalho na região e no país analisando o desenvolvimento das diversas políticas de formação do sector. A partir desta análise e tendo em consideração as perspetivas de crescimento turístico regional e as necessidades das empresas perspetivam-se as necessidades de oferta e de procura de formação de recursos humanos na região.

The National Museum of Mongolia successful strategies and lessons learned

Enkhnaran will discuss issues for professional education raised by museums and tourism companies, which share similar objectives in the sense that each aim to provide their guests with quality information entertainment and a memorable experience. With limited budget capabilities, it is especially important for museums to co-operate with tourist companies in order to attract new and repeat visitors as well as generate important revenue.

Un nuevo amanecer: el giro de la política exterior colombiana y su impacto en el conflicto interno (Tema Central)

La autora explora la posibilidad de un cambio en las relaciones de Colombia con Venezuela y Ecuador durante la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos. Las relaciones de Colombia con esos dos países vecinos, por un largo período, se han caracterizado por su complejidad expresada en roces y desencuentros, configurando un escenario conflictivo. Esta dinámica se origina en dos factores: el conflicto armado colombiano de larga duración, y la alineación de Colombia con Estados Unidos. La autora sostiene que los cambios en el segundo factor podrían conducir a una modificación del conflicto doméstico colombiano, y por extensión a mejorar las relaciones con Ecuador y Venezuela.

Population Trends of a Mixed-Species Colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in Southern Chile after Establishing a Protected Area

Worldwide marine protected areas (MPAs) have been designated to protect marine resources, including top predators such as seabirds. There is no conclusive information on whether protected areas can improve population trends of seabirds when these are further exploited as tourist attractions, an activity that has increased in past decades. Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and Magellanic Penguins (S. magellanicus) breed sympatrically on Puñihuil Islets, two small coastal islands off the west coast of Chiloé Island (41° S) in southern Chile that are subject to exploitation for tourism. Our goal was to compare the population size of the mixed colony of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins before and after protection from unregulated tourism and freely roaming goats in 1997. For this purpose, two censuses were conducted in 2004 and 2008, and the numbers compared with those obtained in 1997 by other authors. The proportion of occupied, unoccupied, and collapsed/flooded burrows changed between years; there were 68% and 34% fewer collapsed burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. For the total number of burrows of both species, we counted 48% and 63% more burrows in 2004 and 2008, respectively, than in 1997. We counted 13% more burrows of Humboldt Penguins in 2008 than in 1997, and for Magellanic Penguins, we estimated a 64% increase in burrows in 2008. Presumably, this was as a result of habitat improvement attributable to the exclusion of tourists and the removal of goats from the islets. Although tourist visits to the islets are prohibited, tourism activities around the colonies are prevalent and need to be taken into account to promote appropriate management.

Access to historic environments for tourists with disabilities: a compromise?

Historic environments, the basis for heritage tourism, are difficult to access for people with disabilities. Many countries have introduced legislation to promote equal rights for people with disabilities. Historic environments, however, enjoy protection under national planning systems which limit the physical access improvements that can be made. The significance of historic environments for tourism in the UK is outlined. Barriers restricting tourists with disabilities accessing historic sites are reviewed from the heritage tourism service provider's viewpoint. Interests of the major stakeholders are considered in terms of the apparent conflict between conservation and access issues as heritage tourism service providers seek to comply with disability discrimination legislation. From a study of access improvements made by major heritage tourism service providers, good practice is identified. However, physical access improvements to enable tourists with disabilities to visit historic environments are a compromise because of the strength of conservation interests. Questions remain as to whether this compromise is acceptable to the tourist with disabilities and whether intellectual access is an acceptable substitute for physical presence.

The Victoria Falls 1900-1940: Landscape, tourism and the geographical imagination

This article is about the politics of landscape ideas, and the relationship between landscape, identity and memory. It explores these themes through the history of the Victoria Falls, and the tourist resort that developed around the waterfall after 1900. Drawing on oral and archival sources, including popular natural history writing and tourist guides, it investigates African and European ideas about the waterfall, and the ways that these interacted and changed in the course of colonial appropriations of the Falls area. The tourist experience of the resort and the landscape ideas promoted through it were linked to Edwardian notions of Britishness and empire, ideas of whiteness and settler identities that transcended new colonial borders, and to the subject identities accommodated or excluded. Cultures of colonial authority did not develop by simply overriding local ideas, they involved fusions, exchanges and selective appropriations of them. The two main African groups I am concerned with here are the Leya, who lived in small groups around the Falls under a number of separate chiefs, and the powerful Lozi rulers, to whom they paid tribute in the nineteenth century. The article highlights colonial authorities' celebration of aspects of the Lozi aristocracy's relationship with the river, and their exclusion of the Leya people who had a longer and closer relationship with the waterfall. It also touches on the politics of recent attempts to reverse this exclusion, and the controversial rewriting of history this has involved.

The rejuvenation of tourism in Barbados 1993-2003 - Reflections on the Butler model

This article examines how Barbados as a mature resort destination has set about rejuvenating its tourism product since the early 1990s, when the number of stop-over tourist arrivals showed year-on-year declines. This has been achieved in three principal ways: the extensive upgrading of existing hotel facilities, especially at the luxury end of the market: the increase of overall tourist capacity, and the development of niche markets, especially golf tourism. At both the outset and the conclusion, the rejuvenation of tourism in Barbados between 1993 and 2003 is viewed in light of Butler's (1980) model of resort-cycle development.

De-agrarianization, re-agrarianization and local economic development: re-orientating livelihoods in African artisanal mining communities

This article contributes to the debate on livelihood diversification in rural sub-Saharan Africa, focusing specifically on the growing economic importance of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in the region. The precipitous decline in the value of many export crops and the removal of subsidies on crucial inputs such as fertilizers have made smallholder production unviable, forcing many farmers to ‘branch out’ into non-farm activities to supplement their incomes. One of the more popular destinations for poor farmers is the low-tech ASM sector which, because of its low barriers to entry, has absorbed millions of rural Africans over the past two decades, the majority of whom are engaged in the extraction of near-surface mineral deposits located on concessions that have been demarcated to multinational corporations. The efforts made hitherto to control this illegal mining activity, both through force and regulation, however, have had little effect, forcing many of the region’s governments and private sector partners to ‘re-think’ their approaches. One strategy that has gained considerable attention throughout the region is intensified support for agrarian-orientated activities, many of which, despite the problems plaguing smallholder agricultural sector and challenges with making it more economically sustainable, are being lauded as appropriate ‘alternative’ sources of employment to artisanal mining. After examining where artisanal mining fits into the de-agrarianization ‘puzzle’ in sub-Saharan Africa, the article critiques the efficacy of ‘re-agrarianization’ as a strategy for addressing the region’s illegal mining problem. A case study of Ghana is used to shed further light on these issues.

Transnational urbanism in Port of Spain: returning middle-class urban elites

Port of Spain, Trinidad offers an ideal context in which to analyze pre-retirement return migration to a Global South urban realm, expanding transnational urban research beyond the conventional focus on Global North metropolitan destinations. In this article, we draw on the transnational narratives of a selected sample of relatively youthful Trinidadians, who have spent many years abroad acquiring education and professional experience, but who have then decided to return in mid-career to the capital region of the island nation of their birth, or of their parent(s). Theoretically, we position these returning professionals as members of a "middling" transnational urban class whose return is at least partly motivated by a desire to "make a difference." Our results contribute to a growing literature that documents the role of transnational middle-class urban elites returning elsewhere in the Carribbean: "middling" transnational urbanism is reshaping key facets of urbanization in the Global South.