Chemical composition of the red bed layer in DSDP Hole 38-336

Clay minerals were studied in samples from the Eocene red bed layer of DSDP Hole 336. It is shown that composition and distribution of clay minerals have zoning, which is usually typical for the terrestrial crust of chemical weathering of basic rocks.

Age and chemical composition of volcanic rocks and minerals from the Vityaz Ridge

This paper reports results of geological studies carried out during two marine expeditions of R/VAkademik M.A. Lavrent'ev (Cruises 37 and 41) in 2005 and 2006 at the underwater Vityaz Ridge. Dredging has yielded various rocks from the basement and sedimentary cover of the ridge within three polygons. On the basis of radioisotope age determinations, petrochemical, and paleontological data all the rocks have been subdivided into the following complexes: volcanic rock of Paleocene, Eocene, Late Oligocene, Middle Miocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene; volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of Late Cretaceous - Early Paleocene, Paleogene (undifferentiated), Oligocene - Early Miocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene. Determinations of age and chemical composition of the rocks have enabled to specify formation conditions of the complexes and to trace geological evolution of the Vityaz Ridge. Presence of young Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanites allows to conclude about the modern tectono-magmatic activity of the central part of the Pacific slope of the Kuril Islands.

Chemical composition of ultrabasites and composing minerals from the Tonga Trench

A petrologic-geochemical study (petrochemistry, contents of siderophile and certain lithophile elements, composition of rock-forming silicates and accessory chrome spinels) of ultrabasic rocks dredged from the arc side in the northern end of the Tonga deep-sea trench has been carried out. The ultrabasites included harzburgites and dunites. Peridotites show clearly manifested material characteristics of ultrabasic relicts strongly depleted in low-temperature basaltic components. It is suggested that they have arose in the high degree of partial melting (about 30%) of a matrix mantle source of the lherzolite type. Great similarity of the rocks studied with ultrabasites of many ophiolites that are widespread in folded belts indicates that young island arcs are among the most likely geodynamic environments of ophiolite generation.

Chemical composition of ferromanganese nodules from the Black Sea

Ferruginate shells and tubular worm burrows from the oxygenated zone of the Black Sea (Kalamit Bay and Danube River mouth) are studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy combined with analyses of elemental composition. Iron and manganese oxyhydroxide nodules considered here are enriched in phosphorus. They contain variable amounts of terrigenous and biogenic material derived from host sediments. Oxyhydroxides are mainly characterized by colloform structure, whereas globular and crystalline structures are less common. The dominating iron phase is represented by ferroxyhite and protoferroxyhite, whereas the manganese phase is composed of Fe-free vernadite. Concentrations of Mn, As, and Mo are 12-18 times higher relative to sediments, while concentrations of Fe, P, Ni, and Co increase 5-7 times during nodule formation.

Chemical composition of dredged rocks from the Hess Deep, Eastern Equatorial Pacific

A joint analysis of data on the anomalous magnetic field, seismicity, and structures of the Hess deep basalts have allowed to specify propagation of the spreading zone and to correct position of the neovolcanic zone. A precise petrogeochemical analysis of various types of basalts composing the uneven-aged oceanic crust of the basin showed that magmatics of the neovolcanic zone are related to the primitive type in contrast to rift boards of differential basalts. A model of the deep structure of the Galapagos rift in the area of the western Hess Deep has been suggested.

Chemical composition of surficial bottom sediments from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent part of the Arctic Ocean

This paper presents data on chemical composition of bottom sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean. Multivariate statistical techniques were used for analysis of the data set and revealed that grain size fractionation of the original terrigenous component during sedimentation was the major factor of clustering of the samples in study. Secondary factors include accumulation of biogenic siliceous and carbonate material and chemogenic or biochemical accumulation of iron, manganese, and some trace elements. The latter factor was significant in areas of tectonic activity within the graben-rift system of the Chukchi Sea.