Squaring the circle. Social and environmental implications of pre-pottery neolithic building technology at Tell Qarassa (South Syria)

We present the results of the microstratigraphic, phytolith and wood charcoal study of the remains of a 10.5 ka roof. The roof is part of a building excavated at Tell Qarassa (South Syria), assigned to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period (PPNB). The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period in the Levant coincides with the emergence of farming. This fundamental change in subsistence strategy implied the shift from mobile to settled aggregated life, and from tents and huts to hard buildings. As settled life spread across the Levant, a generalised transition from round to square buildings occurred, that is a trademark of the PPNB period. The study of these buildings is fundamental for the understanding of the ever-stronger reciprocal socio-ecological relationship humans developed with the local environment since the introduction of sedentism and domestication. Descriptions of buildings in PPN archaeological contexts are usually restricted to the macroscopic observation of wooden elements (posts and beams) and mineral components (daub, plaster and stone elements). Reconstructions of microscopic and organic components are frequently based on ethnographic analogy. The direct study of macroscopic and microscopic, organic and mineral, building components performed at Tell Qarassa provides new insights on building conception, maintenance, use and destruction. These elements reflect new emerging paradigms in the relationship between Neolithic societies and the environment. A square building was possibly covered here with a radial roof, providing a glance into a topologic shift in the conception and understanding of volumes, from round-based to square-based geometries. Macroscopic and microscopic roof components indicate buildings were conceived for year-round residence rather than seasonal mobility. This implied performing maintenance and restoration of partially damaged buildings, as well as their adaptation to seasonal variability

Approaches and frameworks for management and research in small-scale fisheries in the developing world

Commonly adopted approaches to managing small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in developing countries do not ensure sustainability. Progress is impeded by a gap between innovative SSF research and slower-moving SSF management. The paper aims to bridge the gap by showing that the three primary bases of SSF management--ecosystem, stakeholders’ rights and resilience--are mutually consistent and complementary. It nominates the ecosystem approach as an appropriate starting point because it is established in national and international law and policy. Within this approach, the emerging resilience perspective and associated concepts of adaptive management and institutional learning can move management beyond traditional control and resource-use optimization, which largely ignore the different expectations of stakeholders; the complexity of ecosystem dynamics; and how ecological, social, political and economic subsystems are linked. Integrating a rights-based perspective helps balance the ecological bias of ecosystem-based and resilience approaches. The paper introduces three management implementation frameworks that can lend structure and order to research and management regardless of the management approach chosen. Finally, it outlines possible research approaches to overcome the heretofore limited capacity of fishery research to integrate across ecological, social and economic dimensions and so better serve the management objective of avoiding fishery failure by nurturing and preserving the ecological, social and institutional attributes that enable it to renew and reorganize itself. (PDF contains 29 pages)

Relative importance of Deep Creek Lake to other areas in respect to certain recreational and economic aspects

Presents a review of the recreational values and economic importance of Maryland Fishing waters. (PDF contains 5 pages)

The use and economic benefits of fibres from sisal hemp (Agave sisalana) leaves as supporting ropes for fishing gear

Sisal hemp (Agave sisalana) leaves were harvested and processed using the beating and decomposition methods. The fibres obtained were washed, dried and finally spurned in to cordage of about 4mm diameter 39 pieces of ropes, each measuring 2 meters were altogether spurned. 30 pieces of these ropes were immersed in water for a period of 24 weeks, 6 were placed in a shaded and airily place and 3 were used for the head and footling of gillnet, sinker line of cast net and the main line of long line. Every other week, the ropes in water and air were tested for its breaking strength using an improved 50kg spring balance. At the end of the experiment, it was found the immersed ropes maintained a tensile strength of over 50kg/F for the first 18 weeks, thereafter; there was a gradual weekly reduction in the strength until the 23rd week when the tensile strength was less than 1kg/F. The cost benefit analysis showed that about 5,3146 tons processed fibers could be obtained fro 1ha. capable of being spenced in to 528300m of 4mm diameter cordage. This paper finally recommended the growth of sisal hemp plants by fisher folks so that there will be constant stock for intermittent harvesting for rope spurning

Crowdfunding para organizaciones del Tercer y Cuarto Sector

Máster en Dirección Empresarial desde la Innovación y la Internacionalización. Curso 2013/2014

Financial and Economic Report of a Specific Business Group

As a result of the natural evolution of the economy, ever-changing, unpredictable and cyclical, companies must adapt as far as possible to the changes that have taken place in order to continue with their normal operating activities. Likewise, they should also try to maintain a structure for long-term growth, trying at all times to generate the maximum value. The main objective of this project is to provide financial advisory services to a business group, trying to forward solutions and measures that according to the author can be effective. For this end, the situation of the group in question is analysed from early 2008 to the present day, examining its evolution, what steps have been taken together with their corresponding results and the economic-financial situation of the company at the end of last year. Contact with the company was kept throughout the process of analysis and assessment trying to take advantage of the feedback generated so that the appropriate measures can be adopted if the management considers it to be adequate.

Envelhecimento, ciclo de vida e mudanças socioeconômicas: novos desafios para os sistemas de seguridade social

O processo de envelhecimento populacional, ainda que amplamente reconhecido como uma das principais conquistas do século XX engendra o desafio de assegurar que o processo de desenvolvimento ocorra com base em princípios capazes de garantir a dignidade humana e a equidade entre os grupos etários na partilha dos recursos, direitos e responsabilidades sociais. Além dos desafios impostos aos já tradicionais programas constantes dos atuais sistemas de seguridade social, o envelhecimento populacional acrescenta uma nova questão ou risco social: os cuidados de longa duração, demandados pelos idosos com perda de capacidade instrumental e/ou funcional para lidar com as atividades do cotidiano. Por capacidade instrumental pode-se entender a capacidade para a realização de atividades relacionadas a, por exemplo: preparar refeições, fazer compras no mercado, ir ao banco, cuidar da casa etc. Capacidade funcional, por sua vez, refere-se às seguintes atividades: alimentar-se, banhar-se, caminhar distâncias curtas, vestir-se etc. A preocupação com os cuidados de longa duração dos idosos nos países desenvolvidos, onde o processo de envelhecimento populacional já se encontra mais avançado, surgiu como uma necessidade de se separar os custos crescentes com o tratamento dos idosos dos demais gastos com saúde. Os custos, tangíveis ou não, envolvidos na atividade de cuidar/assistir aos idosos tendem a aumentar em função da entrada maciça das mulheres no mercado de trabalho e das mudanças nos contratos de gênero, sugerindo crescentes dificuldades para que as famílias arquem com a responsabilidade pelo cuidado de seus idosos. Em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, essa questão é agravada por se somar a uma ampla lista a ser respondida pelos sistemas de seguridade social, tais como a pobreza, a exclusão de crescentes contingentes da população e o nível de desigualdade vigente. No Brasil, para que se possa avançar no debate sobre os cuidados de longa duração voltados para uma população idosa crescente, faz-se necessário rediscutir e redefinir uma série de parâmetros do atual sistema de seguridade social, em especial, a expressiva parcela de trabalhadores informais alijados do mesmo. O precário equilíbrio, ou resultado, do sistema de seguridade social brasileiro precisa ser revisto e analisado a luz das tendências demográficas, sociais e econômicas que se vislumbram para os próximos 20 ou 30 anos. Somente após o reequacionamento do sistema é possível pensar a incorporação desta nova e latente demanda da sociedade brasileira.

Coarse and stillwater trout fisheries. Paper in evidence to the review of fisheries policy and legislation

This paper highlights the social and economic importance of coarse and stillwater trout fisheries and explains the UK Environment Agency's aim, its policies and processes, and its powers for managing and regulating these fisheries, concluding with reasoned proposals for change.

O Balanço Social como Instrumento de Gestão da Responsabilidade Social: O Caso da Marinha do Brasil.

O balanço social se constitui num relatório de cunho financeiro e social que possibilita a evidenciação dos recursos e das influências recebidas e transmitidas pelas entidades às comunidades com as quais interage. Esse instrumento é encarado hoje em dia como de suma importância para a melhoria da imagem das organizações, tanto junto ao público externo como interno. Contudo, a gestão da responsabilidade social ainda é incipiente no setor público, o que enseja o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nessa área. Deste modo, o propósito deste trabalho foi o de estudar os aspectos inerentes ao balanço social dentro de uma organização pública, no caso a Marinha do Brasil, desenvolvendo-se um modelo próprio para ser implantado nessa instituição secular brasileira, a partir do modelo do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas, que é o mais utilizado no país. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados partiram de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema balanço social. Posteriormente, foi realizado um estudo de caso, sendo a unidade de análise a Marinha do Brasil. Para coleta dos dados foram feitas entrevistas com dirigentes dessa Força. A abordagem do problema foi qualitativa, utilizando-se do método de análise de conteúdo para a análise dos dados. Ao final da pesquisa foram identificados os dados que podem ser coletados nos sistemas de informações hoje existentes na Força, tendo sido, inclusive, indicado onde cada um deles poderá ser buscado. O estudo se coaduna com a linha de pesquisa Controladoria em Entidades Públicas e Privadas do Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Energy retrofits in social housing. Analysis of its thermal behaviour.

468 p.

Building social and ecological resilience to climate change in Roviana, Solomon Islands: PASAP country activity for Solomon Islands: Brief review: climate change trends and projections for Solomon Islands

As part of the Australian Government’s International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (ICCAI), the Pacific Adaptation Strategy Assistance Program (PASAP) aims to enhance the capacity of partner countries to assess key vulnerabilities and risks, formulate adaptation strategies and plans, mainstream adaptation into decision-making, and inform robust longterm national planning and decision-making in partner countries. The Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency contracted University of Queensland (UQ) and University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) to lead the project: “Building social and ecological resilience to climate change in Roviana, Solomon Islands” (2010-2012). Under this project The WorldFish Center was subcontracted to undertake outputs 5 and 6 of Objective three: (5) Review of climate change evidence and projections for the study area and (6) Vulnerability and adaptation assessment for the study area. This report addresses the first of these and comprises a desktop review of climate change evidence and projections for the study area.

GHERS: Greater Harvest and Economic Returns from Shrimp: Final program performance report

The Greater Harvest and Economic Returns from Shrimp (GHERS) is an initiative of Poverty Reduction by Increasing the Competitiveness of Enterprises (PRICE) project, funded by USAID. The objective of GHERS was to increase the productive capacity of existing farms and enhance quality of shrimp delivered to processors adding over $ 45 million to current sales, $10 million new investment and 14,000 new jobs. This final performance report presents the activities and achievements of the project since 2008.