Capacidade e esforço tributário no Rio Grande do Sul: o caso dos municípios

O estudo da capacidade fiscal dos municípios é indispensável para urna avaliação de políticas públicas e resoluções de problemas fiscais dos municípios, dado que, por exemplo, no Rio Grande do Sul, 2/3 deles estão com déficit orçamentário. É proposto um modelo de arrecadação dos municípios gaúchos, usando um modelo estrutural, para os anos de 1990-1994. Destacamos como características básicas do modelo a medição de um indice de esforço fiscal e a consideração do papel das transferências intergovernarnentais (FPM em particular) no esforço fiscal. Identificamos que muitos municípios gaúchos podem melhorar sua arrecadação de IPTU, inclusive municípios grandes, e que as transferências, em média, não podem ser responsabilizados pelo baixo esforço fiscal destes municípios, ao contrário da opinião de vários autores.

Inferring conduct under the threat of entry : the case of Brazilian cement industry

This paper demonstrates that when an industry faces potential entry and this threat of entry constrains pre-entry prices, cost and conduct are not identified from the comparative statics of equilibrium. In such a setting, the identifying assumption behind the well-established technique of relying on exogenous demand perturbations to empirically distinguish between alternative hypotheses of conduct is shown to fail. The Brazilian cement industry, where the threat of imports restrains market outcomes, provides an empirical illustration. In particular, pricecost margins estimated using this established technique are considerably biased downward, underestimating the degree of market power. A test of conduct is proposed, adapted to this constrained setting, which suggests that outcomes in the industry are collusive and characterised by market division.

The sources of spinoff equity gains: takeover premiums or operating gains

Although the existence of spinoff equity gains is well documented, their source remains controversial. Arnong many potential causes, the literature suggests that spinoff equity gains could arise from expected tax benefits, expected takeover premia, operating performance improvement or from refocusing benefits. This paper investigates the link between spinoff announcement and post completion equity gains and post spinoff operating performance changes, takeover activity and refocusing benefits. The results indicate that spinoff announcement retums reflect anticipated takeover premiums as well as expected operating performance gains and refocusing benefits unrelated to operating performance. However, only the parent's operating performance gains are anticipated at the spinoff announcement. We find that post spinoff equity gains are driven mostly by operating performance changes for both parents and spun off subsidiaries. Takeover activity and unrelatedness of business lines between parent and subsidiary expIain littIe of post spinoff equity gains. OveralI, the data suggests that spinoffs equity gains mostly reflect anticipated real economic gains in terms of improved operating performance, and to a lesser extent takeover premium and refocusing benefit.

Avaliação do desempenho acadêmico : globalização e trópico

Expõe-se um programa de pesquisa sobre a natureza indetenninada do conhecimento científico, estendendo-o para análise da avaliação do desempenho acadêmico, e a consequente fonnulação de propostas de mudança. Considerando os diferentes níveis de abstração na tricotomia ciência pura, aplicada e arte da ciência, observa-se que a avaliação pressupõe a primeira apenas, constituindo-se, no mínimo, em exemplo de vício ricardiano. Sendo mais um transplante acrítico de ocorrências nos USA, onde a flexibilidade pennite passagens da economia aplicada e de sua arte para outros departamentos, nosso sistema de avaliação está prejudicando a universidade e o país, particularmente nas regiões mais pobres.

WeIfare costs of inflation the case for interest-bearing money and empiricaI Estimates for Brazil

We provide in this paper a closed fonn for the Welfare Cost of Inflation which we prove to be closer than Bailey's expression to the correct solution of the corresponding non-separable differential equation. Next, we extend this approach to an economy with interest-bearing money, once again presenting a better appoximation than the one given by Bailey's approach. Finally, empirical estimates for Brazil are presented.