Obtenção e caracterização de dióxido de estanho nanoestruturado pelo método de síntese contínua por combustão em solução

Continuous Synthesis by Solution Combustion was employed in this work aiming to obtain tin dioxide nanostructured. Basically, a precursor solution is prepared and then be atomized and sprayed into the flame, where its combustion occurs, leading to the formation of particles. This is a recent technique that shows an enormous potential in oxides deposition, mainly by the low cost of equipment and precursors employed. The tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructured has been widely used in various applications, especially as gas sensors and varistors. In the case of sensors based on semiconducting ceramics, where surface reactions are responsible for the detection of gases, the importance of surface area and particle size is even greater. The preference for a nanostructured material is based on its significant increase in surface area compared to conventional microcrystalline powders and small particle size, which may benefit certain properties such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, mechanical and chemical. In this work, were employed as precursor solution tin chloride dehydrate diluted in anhydrous ethyl alcohol. Were utilized molar ratio chloride/solvent of 0,75 with the purpose of investigate its influence in the microstructure of produced powder. The solution precursor flux was 3 mL/min. Analysis with X-ray diffraction appointed that a solution precursor with molar ratio chloride/solvent of 0,75 leads to crystalline powder with single phase and all peaks are attributed to phase SnO2. Parameters as distance from the flame with atomizer distance from the capture system with the pilot, molar ratio and solution flux doesn t affect the presence of tin dioxide in the produced powder. In the characterization of the obtained powder techniques were used as thermogravimetric (TGA) and thermodiferential analysis (DTA), particle size by laser diffraction (GDL), crystallographic analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface area (BET) and electrical conductivity analysis. The techniques used revealed that the SnO2 exhibits behavior of a semiconductor material, and a potentially promising material for application as varistor and sensor systems for gas

Relatório de atividade profissional

O presente documento enquadra-se no programa de equivalência para obtenção de grau de mestre para licenciados “pré-Bolonha”. Este relatório tem como objetivo caracterizar o percurso realizado no âmbito da engenharia. As atividades abordadas neste relatório reportam-se ao período 2004 a 2012, com especial foco na experiência profissional como engenheiro de produção na Tyco Electronics (TE). Enquanto engenheiro na TE e associado ao projeto Battery Disconnect Switch (BDS-A) executei várias tarefas na área da engenharia. O espectro de tarefas desenvolvido foi grande, incluindo a aprovação e alteração de meios de fabrico, aprovação de ferramentas e componentes, planos de correção, realização de documentação para funcionamento da linha, planos de manutenção, etc. Algumas das atividades decorrentes deste processo serão aqui caracterizadas de forma a mostrar o trabalho desenvolvido nesse período. Para melhor compreender o processo e a empresa será efetuado um enquadramento com a fábrica introduzindo alguns conceitos sobre relés. Será efetuada uma breve descrição dos principais processos envolvidos na fabricação e dos métodos de controlo utilizados. Posteriormente será apresentada uma ferramenta importante usada na produção de relés, a curva dinâmica. Assim discutir-se-á com maior detalhe o caso particular das curvas dinâmicas do BDS-A e suas especificidades. Será debatido o comportamento de um relé biestável, a influência de um íman permanente no sistema magnético e as alterações que causa na sua curva dinâmica.

Síntesis y caracterización de nanocompósitos magnéticos

Se reporta la síntesis, mediante coprecipitación, de un compósito magnético de matriz de quitosán con partículas de magnetita.

Transição de fase topológica e transporte eletrônica em grafenos e nanofitas zigzag grafeno tensionados

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, 2015.

Comportamiento de transformadores eléctricos bajo condiciones de GIC mediante el uso de ATP

El presente trabajo muestra el comprtamiento eléctrico que presenta un transformador de potencia cuando se expone a condiciones de corrientes geométricas inducidas (GIC), que lo hacen operar en la religión de saturación y el flujo de campo magnético cambia de acuerdo al diseño del núcleo del transformador.

Electrical characterization of electronic circuits produced by inkjet printing

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Análise de conversores de frequência óptica baseados em amplificadores ópticos semicondutores

Dissertação de mest. em Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2002

Desarrollo e implementación de modelo de predicción en procesos de temple por inducción para un acero AISI-SAE 1043

La fabricación de los componentes automotrices engloba una gran cantidad de procesos de manufactura los cuales van desde el proceso de fundición del acero, forjados, mecanizados y tratamientos térmicos, entre otros. Estos procesos se llevan a cabo con el objetivo de lograr que el componente a fabricar cumpla con lo especificado y tenga un buen desempeño en su funcionalidad. La gran mayoría de los componentes son fabricados a partir de aceros aleados, aceros al carbono de baja y media aleación los cuales son posteriormente tratados térmicamente para mejorar sus propiedades mecánicas. Uno de los tratamientos térmicos más utilizados es el temple superficial, el cual tiene como objetivo principal endurecer la superficie del componente para mejorar su resistencia a la flexión, resistencia al desgaste, resistencia al impacto, entre otras propiedades mecánicas. La inducción electromagnética, o simplemente "inducción", es un método de calentamiento de materiales eléctricamente conductores tales como metales. Como su nombre implica, el calentamiento por inducción se basa en las corrientes eléctricas que son inducidas internamente en el material a calentar, es decir, la pieza de trabajo. La experimentación realizada durante este trabajo de tesis fue dividida en 2 etapas: • Proceso de temple por inducción actual (Técnica de escaneo). • Proceso de temple por inducción propuesto (Técnica calentamiento estático). Durante la etapa de experimentación del proceso de temple por inducción actual se llevó a cabo la validación de los resultados de temperatura superficial mediante la toma de video de una cámara termografía realizando un comparativo con los resultados de la simulación de calentamiento. Posteriormente se realizó la simulación del proceso de temple y transformación de fase martensita con su respectiva validación mediante corte y evaluación metalúrgica de muestra, además de la comparación de resultados de durezas obtenidos durante el proceso de temple y los resultados obtenidos en la simulación. La segunda etapa del proceso de temple por inducción fue llevada a cabo con la colaboración del personal del laboratorio de aplicaciones de GH Induction. Durante esta etapa se realizaron 2 propuestas de diseño de bobinas y se realizaron las pruebas de simulación así como las validaciones físicas y metalúrgicas. Previo a las pruebas se realizaron cálculos teóricos para establecer los parámetros iniciales del proceso mediante las gráficas de Lozinski. Los resultados obtenidos durante las etapas de este proyecto fueron satisfactorios. En la primer etapa se logró simular en 2D el proceso actual de temple por inducción obteniendo una aproximación cercana al 90% en los resultados de temperaturas, transformación de fase y dureza. Este modelo y los resultados obtenidos fueron utilizados como parámetros de entrada para la segunda etapa. Durante la segunda etapa los resultados obtenidos durante las simulaciones mostraron que el diseño de bobinas 1 no sería efectivo al momento de calentar la zona del diámetro interno, por lo cual se descartó la fabricación de estas bobinas. La propuesta número 2, incluyó el uso de concentradores de flujo magnético, los cuales colaboran a dirigir el campo magnético en zonas específicas. Los resultados obtenidos durante la simulación 3D de la propuesta 2 fueron satisfactorios por lo cual se decidió fabricar las bobinas y llevar a cabo las pruebas físicas. Los resultados finales obtenidos de transformación de fase comparados con las pruebas físicas tiene una aproximación de 90%. En conclusión, fue posible el desarrollo de un modelo para la simulación del proceso de calentamiento por inducción para componentes automotrices con geometría compleja. Como contribución principal esta modelación validó el diseño de bobinas con las cuales se logró obtener una disminución en el tiempo ciclo del proceso del husillo de 36.4% y un ahorro en la energía consumida de 22.3% medida en la unidad de kWsegundo.

Síntese e caracterização de ferrita ni-zn pelo método dos precursores poliméricos calcinada por energia de microondas

Magnetic ceramics have been widely investigated, especially with respect to intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of these materials. Among the magnetic ceramic materials of technological interest, there are the ferrites. On the other hand, the thermal treatment of ceramic materials by microwave energy has offered various advantages such as: optimization of production processes, high heat control, low consumption of time and energy among others. In this work were synthesized powders of Ni-Zn ferrite with compositions Ni1- xZnxFe2O4 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.75 mols) by the polymeric precursor route in two heat treatment conditions, conventional oven and microwave energy at 500, 650, 800 and 950°C and its structural, and morphological imaging. The materials were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/ DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectroscopy and energy dispersive (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of ferrite with spinel-type cubic structure. The extrinsic characteristics of the powders obtained by microwave calcination and influence significantly the magnetic behavior of ferrites, showing particles ferrimagnéticas characterized as soft magnetic materials (soft), is of great technological interest. The results obtained led the potential application of microwave energy for calcining powders of Ni-Zn ferrite

Síntese de nanopartículas de magnetita via decomposição térmica em meio não-aquoso

This work aims at obtaining nanoparticles of iron oxide, the magnetite one (Fe3O4), via synthesis by thermal decomposition through polyol. Thus, two routes were evaluated: a simple decomposition route assisted by reflux and a hydrothermal route both without synthetic air atmosphere using a synthesis temperature of 260ºC. In this work observed the influence of the observe of surfactants which are generally applied in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles decreasing cluster areas. Further, was observed pure magnetite phase without secondary phases generally found in the iron oxide synthesis, a better control of crystallite size, morphology, crystal structure and magnetic behavior. Finally, the introduction of hydroxyl groups on the nanoparticles surface was analyzed besides its employment in the polymer production with OH radicals. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, DLS, VSM, TEM, TG and DSC analyses. The results for the magnetite obtainment with a particle size greater than 5 nm and smaller than 11 nm, well defined morphology and good magnetic properties with superparamagnetic behavior. The reflux synthesis was more efficient in the deposition of the hydroxyl groups on the nanoparticles surface

Síntese hidrotérmica assistida por micro-ondas de tiO2, e aplicação em nanocompósito

In recent decades have seen a sharp growth in the study area of nanoscience and nanotechnology and is included in this area, the study of nanocomposites with self-cleaning properties. Since titanium dioxide (TiO2) has high photocatalytic activity and also antimicrobial, self-cleaning surfaces in your application has been explored. In this study a comparison was made between two synthesis routes to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal method assisted by microwave. And after analysis of XRD and SEM was considered the best material for use in nanocomposites. It was deposited nanocomposite film of poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% by weight of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by the spraying method. The nanocomposite was diluted with hexane and the suspension was deposited onto glass substrate, followed by curing in an oven with forced air circulation. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite impregnated with methylene blue was evaluated by UV- vis spectroscopy from the intensity variation of absorption main peak at 660nm with time of exposure to the UV chamber. Changes in the contact angle and microhardness were analyzed before and after UV aging test. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the chemical structure of the PDMS matrix was evaluated by spectrophotometry Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).The results indicated that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles in the coating PDMS gave high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue, an important characteristic for the development of self-cleaning coatings

Railgun

Com a presente evolução das railguns na Marinha dos Estados Unidos da América e possível instalação em seus navios num futuro muito próximo, outras marinhas se seguirão. Creio que será do interesse da Marinha Portuguesa acompanhar esta evolução tecnológica, considerando as vantagens que advém da adoção deste tipo de armamento. Neste documento são abordados os princípios básicos subjacentes ao funcionamento da railgun, com principal foco nas questões eletrodinâmicas. Pretende-se adquirir familiaridade com este novo tipo de armamento através do estudo crítico dos seus princípios de funcionamento. O princípio básico de funcionamento de uma railgun, à primeira vista, parece bastante simples, à luz da aplicação imediata da expressão da força de Lorentz sobre um condutor percorrido por corrente elétrica. No entanto, tudo se torna mais complicado no caso de uma variação rápida dos parâmetros envolvidos (regime transitório), que exige uma análise mais aprofundada do comportamento da corrente, campos elétrico e magnético, e todos os materiais envolvidos neste sistema. Este trabalho envolveu ainda a construção de duas railguns, uma primeira de dimensões mais pequenas para ganhar familiaridade com o sistema, e uma última de dimensões de laboratório na qual foram feitos vários disparos para testar diferentes tipos de material e dimensões de projétil. Em suma, é demonstrado neste documento uma análise, no domínio do tempo, da distribuição espacial do campo eletromagnético, corrente elétrica e consequente fluxo de energia, complementados por uma parte experimental.

Análise de um queimador infravermelho funcionando com combustível híbrido : GLP/Bio-óleo

Biomass is considered the largest renewable energy source that can be used in an environmentally sustainable. From the pyrolysis of biomass is possible to obtain products with higher energy density and better use properties. The liquid resultant of this process is traditionally called bio-oil. The use of infrared burners in industrial applications has many advantages in terms of technical-operational, for example, uniformity in the heat supply in the form of radiation and convection, with a greater control of emissions due to the passage of exhaust gases through a macroporous ceramic bed. This paper presents a commercial infrared burner adapted with an ejector proposed able to burn a hybrid configuration of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and bio-oil diluted. The dilution of bio-oil with absolute ethanol aimed to decrease the viscosity of the fluid, and improving the stability and atomization. It was introduced a temperature controller with thermocouple modulating two stages (low heat / high heat), and solenoid valves for fuels supply. The infrared burner has been tested, being the diluted bio-oil atomized, and evaluated its performance by conducting energy balance. The method of thermodynamic analysis to estimate the load was used an aluminum plate located at the exit of combustion gases and the distribution of temperatures measured by thermocouples. The dilution reduced the viscosity of the bio-oil in 75.4% and increased by 11% the lower heating value (LHV) of the same, providing a stable combustion to the burner through the atomizing with compressed air and burns combined with LPG. Injecting the hybrid fuel there was increase in the heat transfer from the plate to the environment in 21.6% and gain useful benefit of 26.7%, due to the improved in the efficiency of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics of infrared burner

Sistema de sensoriamento eletromagnético utilizado para detecção da contaminação do óleo isolante do motor no método de elevação artificial do tipo bombeio centrífugo submerso

In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.

Software para la predicción de la propagación electromagnética en interiores en 2D

95 p.