Effect of probiotic and prebiotic inclusion in weaned piglet diets on structure and ultra-structure of small intestine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fatores de correção de escores visuais de conformação, precocidade e musculatura, à desmama, para idade da vaca ao parto, data juliana de nascimento e idade à desmama em bovinos da raça Nelore

Neste estudo, após a edição dos dados, foram utilizadas 87.372 informações de escores visuais de conformação (C), precocidade (P) e musculatura (M) à desmama de animais Nelore, provenientes de rebanhos comerciais. Os objetivos, neste trabalho, foram estudar os efeitos da idade da vaca ao parto (IDV), data Juliana de nascimento (DJN) e idade à desmama (ID) sobre C, P e M e estimar os fatores de correção para os mesmos. Os modelos utilizados incluíram os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (rebanho, retiro, ano e mês de nascimento, sexo e grupo de manejo ao nascimento e à desmama) e, como covariáveis, os efeitos de idade da vaca (para cada sexo do bezerro), de data juliana de nascimento e da idade do bezerro à desmama. Para a idade da vaca, usou-se um polinômio segmentado quadrático-quadrático. Para a data juliana de nascimento, foi utilizado um polinômio segmentado com três segmentos quadráticos, enquanto, para a idade do bezerro à desmama, foi empregado um polinômio ordinário quadrático. Todos os efeitos considerados no modelo influenciaram significativamente os escores visuais. A simples inclusão da estação ou do mês de nascimento no grupo contemporâneo não foi suficiente para corrigir diferenças em escores decorrentes do efeito da data de nascimento. Para avaliação genética dos animais para escores visuais à desmama, os mesmos devem ser ajustados para idade da vaca ao parto, data juliana de nascimento e idade do bezerro à desmama.

Cadeia produtiva da farinha de mandioca na perspectiva da análise de filière e supply chain management :um estudo de caso das relações entre a agroindústria e a distribuição

This research aims to study the manioc flour productive chain in order to understand how the relationship between its segments happens, specially between the flour agroindustry and the distribuition. This research was made from a study of case that envolved three agro industries from the Potiguar wasteland and a company of food distribution. The filiére and the supply chain management analysis were applied to identify the functioning and the organization of the manioc flour productive chain. From the study of case it s noticed that the existing contracts, even the informal ones, has mutual benefits and it suggests that they be legalized

Efeito da adição de probiótico em dietas de leitões desmamados sobre as características do sistema digestório e de desempenho

Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes concentrações de probiótico (0; 200 e 300mg/kg de ração) em rações de leitões recém desmamados e em diferentes idades de abate, sobre as características do sistema digestório e desempenho zootécnico. Foram utilizados 35 leitões desmamados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 (três concentrações de probiótico x duas idades de abate + grupo abatido ao desmame). Foram abatidos cinco leitões no dia da desmama e os demais ao 31º e 41º dia de idade. Foram amostrados segmentos do duodeno e jejuno para a contagem de vilosidades, pesados o pâncreas e fígado e calculado o rendimento de carcaça. Para incidência de diarréia e desempenho, foram utilizados 30 animais e as avaliações foram realizadas nos seguintes períodos: P1- 0 a 10, P2- 11 a 20 e Período Total- 0 a 20 dias pós desmame. Não houve efeito das concentrações do probiótico sobre as características do sistema digestório e a incidência de diarréia, no entanto o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram afetados. Concluiu-se que o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar de leitões suplementados com 200mg de probiótico/kg de ração foi melhor do que o grupo suplementado com 300mg de probiótico/kg de ração. As diferentes concentrações de probiótico adicionadas na ração de leitões não alteraram as características do sistema digestório, mostrando-se alterações apenas em relação à idade do abate.

Efeito da idade da vaca e da data juliana de nascimento sobre o ganho médio diário de bezerros de corte no período pré-desmame

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da importância dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade nas universidades federais

This thesis aims at analyzing from the perspective of the manager the importance of the use of quality management tools and concepts in Federal Universities. It was motivated by the following research problem: do Federal University managers consider it to be relevant the quality management in their institution? Therefore, we sought to gather evidence for a satisfactory approach that addresses the complexity of the topic researched: quality, higher education and quality management systems. We chose to adopt an applied study, the exploratory-descriptive research as to the objective and the quantitative and qualitative research as to the approach to the problem. The object of study is composed by the Planning Provosts of Federal Universities listed in the University Ranking Sheet - (RUF) in 2013. We chose to restrict the sample listing only the provosts of the 20 best-placed universities in the ranking of the Federal Universities. The research instrument was composed of 26 questions, of which 6 questions were designed to identify the profile of the manager, 16 questions of perception (manifested variables) on the importance of quality management in the University, where the managers assigned values (answers) to the affirmatives (that address the main topic of this thesis) based on a Likert scale of 5 points, and 4 open and optional questions, in order to identify general management practices used. It was used for statistical analysis (data analysis) descriptive and factorial statistics. The responses collected through the questionnaire portray the managers´ perception regarding the importance of quality management in their institutions. Sixteen variables were addressed, the results of factor analysis of importance were "Important" and "Very Important", where the variable (V2) was "Important" and all others "Very important." With this information, it is possible to prioritize some areas that deserve immediate action. As it was observed that some variables are "Very important" for the vast majority of managers, others did not show the same result as example (V2, V10, V11). It is concluded that the manager´s perception of quality management in his or her institution is relevant, but the same importance is not given to quality programs implemented in other segments of the economy, and that, despite the advancements offered by SINAES, the model does not evaluate the institution in a global way. Thus, with the results, it is expected to contribute to the advancement of the subject, trying to arouse interest from the managers of Federal Universities in the subject, emphasizing the importance of quality management systems as a necessary tool to raise the institutional quality

Avaliação de programa de ginástica laboral e desempenho funcional: um estudo em empresa distribuidora de energia elétrica

This thesis treats of a avaliation of a laboral gimnastics program of a electrical energy enterprise from Rio Grande do Norte. The leading aim of this work is to analyse the laboral gimnastics program with emphasis on functional performing and personal changes of staff of different categories. The work shows two divisions: at first, it was carried out the bibliographic study approaching the concepts and historic about the ergonomy and the main focus of study, the laboral gimnastics , performing factors and lifestyle.The second time , it was carried out the field study where was used a questionnaire to a 160 staff population which participate of laboral gymnastics program; then the data were analysed through three statistics analyses: multivaried__ clusters, qui-quadrado and multiple linear regression. The results aim to the confirmation that the laboral gymnastics program developed two years ago on enterprise proposes to the white-collar and operational workers an improving on their functional performing and also, to the changes in some aspects of lifestyle, like the food, leisure and stress level. In conclusion, it was checked that the investiment in life quality programs offer benefits both to the staff and the enterprise which will account with good services and satisfaction of customer. Therefore, it was concluded that the laboral gymnastics while a ergonomic tool and a physical activity, it is an investiment which needs more and more to be strengthened and inserted by many segments of society

Análise de desempenho na rede metropolitana de saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte : um dimensionamento aplicado a telemedicina e a telessaúde utilizando QoS baseado no padrão IEEE 802.1Q

It s notorious the advance of computer networks in recent decades, whether in relation to transmission rates, the number of interconnected devices or the existing applications. In parallel, it s also visible this progress in various sectors of the automation, such as: industrial, commercial and residential. In one of its branches, we find the hospital networks, which can make the use of a range of services, ranging from the simple registration of patients to a surgery by a robot under the supervision of a physician. In the context of both worlds, appear the applications in Telemedicine and Telehealth, which work with the transfer in real time of high resolution images, sound, video and patient data. Then comes a problem, since the computer networks, originally developed for the transfer of less complex data, is now being used by a service that involves high transfer rates and needs requirements for quality of service (QoS) offered by the network . Thus, this work aims to do the analysis and comparison of performance of a network when subjected to this type of application, for two different situations: the first without the use of QoS policies, and the second with the application of such policies, using as scenario for testing, the Metropolitan Health Network of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)

Fotointerpretação comparativa de fotografias pancromáticas coloridas e infravermelhas coloridas através da drenagem

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar quantitativamente as informações obtidas por diferentes tipos de fotografias. Os estudos basearam-se em fotografias pancromáticas, coloridas e infravermelhas coloridas de uma área teste localizada no município de Campinas - SP. A cobertura fotográfica denominada Missão 96 resultou da colaboração científica entre INPE - Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais, NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration e IAC - Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo. A rede de drenagem foi o elemento de comparação tendo sido estudados dois parâmetros: número de segmentos de rios e comprimentos de rios. A rede de drenagem foi estudada em monoscopia e em estereoscopia, onde as medições foram efetuadas em amostras circulares de 10 km² (parcelas), sendo que o delineamento experimental foi o de parcelas inteiramente casualizadas. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para avaliar a eficiência de cada tipo de fotografia, para; os parâmetros considerados. Para as condições estudadas, obteve-se as seguintes conclusões principais: a) a fotografia infravermelha forneceu maior número de informações comparativamente às fotografias pancromáticas e coloridas, as quais ofereceram resultados semelhantes; b) os resultados obtidos pela análise monoscópica da fotografia infravermelha foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos pela análise estereoscópica da fotografia pancromática, o que pode facilitar bastante o processo fotointerpretativo.

Influência de diferentes meios de cultura sobre o crescimento de Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen (Amaranthaceae) para conservação in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Construção e análise de desempenho de um fogão solar à concentração utilizando dois focos para cozimento direto

A model of a solar oven with a reflective surface composed of two mirror segments is presented, constituting a two semi-parabolic surfaces made of fiberglass, applied on a ceramic mold, intended to be used in residential and commercial cooking. The reflective surface of the semi-parable is obtained with the use of multiple plain segments of 2 mm wide mirrors. The semi-parabolic structure has visible movements that are comparable to that of the sun. The technical details of the manufacturing and assembling processes will be presented with an analysis of the viability of thermal, economic, and materials of such prototype. This prototype has important social implications and primordial aspects, which combats the ecological damages caused by the wide-scale use of firewood during cooking. It has been demonstrated that the solar oven has the capacity to cook simultaneous two meals distinct for a family of four

Projeto, construção e análise de desempenho de um forno solar alternativo tipo caixa a baixo custo

An alternative box-type solar oven constructed from the scrap iron of a gas conventional cook is presented, which functions principles are the effect greenhouse and the concentration. The oven of the conventional cook is the baking enclosure where the absorber (pot) of the solar oven is located, being re-covered for a glass blade for the generation of the greenhouse effect isolated lateral and having deep its and for a composite the plaster base and EPS. Segments of plain mirrors had been placed in the laterals of the oven for the concentration of the radiation and a reflecting parabola was introduced in the baking enclosure for the exploitation of the incident reflected radiation in the interior of the oven. The oven is mobile to allow one better aiming of exactly in relation to the apparent movement of the sun. The thermal economic and of materials viabilities of the stove in study will be demonstrate The average internal temperature of the absorber was around 150°C and the internal temperature around 120°C. Will demonstrate that its low cost and good thermal performance represents basic characteristics for the viability of large use of such archetype, mainly for cooking the decreases and averages temperatures. One will reveal that the archetype in study is competitive with the box-type solar cooker conceived in the whole world

Formulação e caracterização de massas de grês porcelanato preparadas a partir de matérias-primas naturais do Rio Grande do norte e com adição de chamote de telhas

Traditional ceramics have an important role in the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. The local industries manufacture over 50 million shingles a month, corresponding to 60% of their overall production. As a result of processing flaws, roughly 20% of the production must be discarded, since little or no use has been envisaged for such fired components. Therefore, the use of this kind of residue, especially in the composition of other ceramic materials, comes as an interesting option from the economical and environmental point of view. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of the addition of fired shingle waste in the composition of porcelainized stoneware tiles. To that end, two porcelainized stoneware tiles compositions were initially prepared. Subsequently, contents from 10 to 30% of roofing tiles chamote were added to each one of them. All raw materials and grog were characterized by FRX, XRD, and thermal analysis. The ceramics were fired using natural gas for 30 min at different temperatures, i.e. 1150, 1200 and 1250ºC, and fully characterized. The addition of roofing tiles chamote resulted in composition with superior properties compared to additive-free compositions. Porcelainized stoneware tiles products that fulfill required standards for practical applications were achieved

Análise de desempenho de um fogão solar com parabola fabricada em material compósito

It is presented a solar cooker made with a parabolic reflector composed by a composite material. For this purpose, it was utilized a cast concrete with a parabolic profile obtained by means of modeling. It will be demonstrated the manufacturing process and settings, as well as tests results, in order to determine the contact temperature and cooking time of some foods. This solar cooker presents the following main characteristics: the concentration method, low cost and easy manufacturing process. It was performed by employing recycled materials such as cement, plaster, crushed polystyrene and wheels. The captation area measures 1 square meter and its parabole was covered with a mirrors measuring 25 cm2. A temperature higher than 650°C was obtained. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the cooking viability for several type of foods such as beans, potatoes, rice, yams and pasta can be used in two meals for a family of four. In addition, the advantages of this cooker were analysed in comparison with others described in literature as well as those operating on gas. Especially in Northeast of Brazil, where there is a potential for solar energy, this prototype is an important tool, because it avoids not only desertification, but also pollutants from burning firewoods which cause ecological imbalance

Viabilidade de uso de um fogão solar para cocção de alimentos com parábola refletora fabricada em compósito que utiliza fibras de Carnaúba e resina Ortoftálica

Presents a composite formed by orthophthalic resin and fiber loading of carnauba straw. The fibers were first dried in direct sun exposure and subsequently ground into fodder for the reduction in size. Various formulations of the composite were preliminarily tested by choosing the one presenting the best processability in applying the mold. The composite produced is used for the manufacture of a parabolic surface subsequently coated with mirror segments, flexible plastic, for reflecting the solar rays incident on it. The reflective parable represents the main element of the solar cooker that works with the concentration of sunlight and has dimensions of 1.14 m in diameter and area of 1.0 m². Manufacturing processes and assembly of solar cooker concentration produced are presented. The results of tests for cooking and baking various foods, including rice, pasta, beans, cake, cassava, shrimp, beef, breaded demonstrating the competitiveness of solar cooker studied with other stoves already manufactured and tested in Brazil are presented and in the world. It was also demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed composite for Prototypes manufacture of solar and other structures that do not require great efforts resistance