Alterações no perfil de frações nitrogenadas em calos de cana-de-açúcar induzidas por deficit hídrico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de marcadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos, na caracterização do estresse hídrico em calos de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (Sacharum sp.), RB 72 454 (sensível) e SP 813250 (resistente), contrastantes quanto à resistência à seca em campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial de 2x5 [cultivar x doses de polietilenoglicol (PEG)], com dez tratamentos e três repetições. Os calos foram submetidos a concentrações de PEG correspondentes aos potenciais osmóticos de 0, -0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2 MPa, por 120 horas. A variação no conteúdo relativo de água e na umidade não foi significativamente diferente entre as cultivares. Entretanto, foi observada a tendência de aumento no vazamento de eletrólitos, em conseqüência da diminuição do potencial osmótico na cultivar tolerante. Na cultivar sensível, observou-se tendência de aumento de prolina e, na resistente, diminuição, embora os níveis não tenham sido afetados pelo deficit hídrico. As concentrações de aminoácidos livres foram maiores na sensível. Houve queda nas concentrações de amônia, em ambas cultivares. Os níveis de proteínas não foram afetados pelo PEG. O perfil protéico por SDS-PAGE não mostrou aumento induzido por PEG, na intensidade das bandas correspondentes aos peptídeos entre 14 e 66 kDa. Os marcadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos não foram relacionados ao grau diferencial de resistência observado nas cultivares em condições de campo.

Hipertensión y edema pulmonar de altura. Rol de la disfunción endotelial y de la programación fetal [Pulmonary hypertension and lung edema at high altitude. Role of endothelial dysfunction and fetal programming].

High altitude constitutes an exciting natural laboratory for medical research. While initially, the aim of high-altitude research was to understand the adaptation of the organism to hypoxia and find treatments for altitude-related diseases, over the past decade or so, the scope of this research has broadened considerably. Two important observations led to the foundation for the broadening of the scientific scope of high-altitude research. First, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) represents a unique model which allows studying fundamental mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension and lung edema in humans. Secondly, the ambient hypoxia associated with high-altitude exposure facilitates the detection of pulmonary and systemic vascular dysfunction at an early stage. Here, we review studies that, by capitalizing on these observations, have led to the description of novel mechanisms underpinning lung edema and pulmonary hypertension and to the first direct demonstration of fetal programming of vascular dysfunction in humans.

MultiSAAC : Sistema alternatiu i augmentatiu de comunicació dinàmic, multiusuari, multiplataforma i de perfil autònom

Definició i prototip d'un sistema de comunicació multiplataforma i multiusuari basat en HTML5 per a dispositius mòbils i entorns d'escriptori.

Atividade enzimática e perfil da comunidade bacteriana em solo submetido à solarização e biofumigação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo, por meio da atividade da enzima beta-glicosidase e do perfil do 16S rDNA, determinado com PCR-DGGE. A solarização do solo, com cobertura de plástico, foi feita por períodos de dois, quatro e seis meses, e a biofumigação foi realizada pela incorporação de 2 e 5% (v/v) de cama-de-frango ao solo. Logo após a retirada da cobertura de plástico e aos 30 dias após a remoção, a atividade da beta-glicosidase foi menor em relação ao tratamento não solarizado. Aos 60 dias, não foram mais observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de cama-de-frango a 5% estimulou a atividade da beta-glicosidase. O perfil da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi influenciado pelo tempo de solarização, independentemente da época da retirada da cobertura de plástico. Não foi observado efeito da adição de cama-de-frango ao solo, no perfil da comunidade. A solarização afeta a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas esses efeitos não são mais detectáveis após 60 dias da retirada da cobertura de plástico, diferentemente do que foi observado em relação à estrutura da comunidade bacteriana por PCR-DGGE. A biofumigação estimula a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas não afeta o perfil da comunidade microbiana.

Surface modification of biomaterials for conjugation with human fetal osteoblasts.

Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics with chemical ligands containing a pyrrogallol moiety was developed to improve the adhesion of bone cell precursors to the biomaterials. Fast and biocompatible copper-free click reaction with azido-modified human fetal osteoblasts resulted in improved cell binding to both HA and TCP bioceramics, opening the way for using this methodology in the preparation of cell-engineered bone implants.

Phenotypic and functional analysis of human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells in culture.

Steady-state hematopoiesis and hematopoietic transplantation rely on the unique potential of stem cells to undergo both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Fetal liver (FL) represents a promising alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but limited by the total cell number obtained in a typical harvest. We reported that human FL nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) repopulating cells (SRCs) could be expanded under simple stroma-free culture conditions. Here, we sought to further characterize FL HSC/SRCs phenotypically and functionally before and following culture. Unexpanded or cultured FL cell suspensions were separated into various subpopulations. These were tested for long-term culture potential and for in vivo repopulating function following transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. We found that upon culture of human FL cells, a tight association between classical stem cell phenotypes, such as CD34(+) /CD38(-) and/or side population, and NOD/SCID repopulating function was lost, as observed with other sources. Although SRC activity before and following culture consistently correlated with the presence of a CD34(+) cell population, we provide evidence that, contrary to umbilical cord blood and adult sources, stem cells present in both CD34(+) and CD34(-) FL populations can sustain long-term hematopoietic cultures. Furthermore, upon additional culture, CD34-depleted cell suspensions, devoid of SRCs, regenerated a population of CD34(+) cells possessing SRC function. Our studies suggest that compared to neonatal and adult sources, the phenotypical characteristics of putative human FL HSCs may be less strictly defined, and reinforce the accumulated evidence that human FL represents a unique, valuable alternative and highly proliferative source of HSCs for clinical applications.

Fetal testosterone (2D:4D) as predictor of cognitive reflection

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is a test introduced by S. Frederick (2005) Cognitive reflection and decision making, J Econ Perspect 19(4): 25-42. The task is designed to measure the tendency to override an intuitive response that is incorrect and to engage in further reflection that leads to the correct response. The consistent sex differences in CRT performance may suggest a role for gonadal hormones, particularly testosterone. A now widely studied putative marker for fetal testosterone is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). This paper tests to what extent 2D:4D, as a proxy for prenatal exposure to testosterone, can predict CRT scores in a sample of 623 students. After controlling for sex, we observe that a lower 2D:4D (reflecting a higher exposure to testosterone) is significantly associated with a higher number of correct answers. The result holds for both hands? 2D:4Ds. In addition, the effect appears to be sharper for females than for males. We also control for patience and math proficiency, which are significantly related to performance in the CRT. But the effect of 2D:4D on performance in CRT is not reduced with these controls, implying that these variables are not mediating the relationship between digit ratio and CRT.

Hyperammonemia: regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase genes in aggregating cell cultures of fetal rat brain.

Hyperammonemia in the brain leads to poorly understood alterations of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthases, might be recycled from the citrulline produced with NO by argininosuccinate synthetase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase (AL). The regulation of AS and AL genes during hyperammonemia is unknown in the brain. We used brain cell aggregates cultured from dissociated telencephalic cortex of rat embryos to analyze the regulation of AS and AL genes in hyperammonemia. Using RNase protection assay and non-radioactive in situ hybridization on aggregate cryosections, we show that both AS and AL genes are induced in astrocytes but not in neurons of aggregates exposed to 5 mM NH4Cl. Our work suggests that the hyperammonemic brain might increase its recycling of citrulline to arginine.

Perfil eletrolítico e peso corporal em suínos submetidos a dietas com diferentes teores de fósforo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas, com diferentes teores de fósforo, no perfil eletrolítico sanguíneo e no ganho de peso corporal em suínos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos híbridos comerciais, machos castrados, com peso corporal médio inicial de 61,07±0,86 kg, com aproximadamente 110 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos e 12 repetições cada um. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de dietas com 0,135, 0,200, 0,265, 0,330 e 0,395% de fósforo disponível. No início e no final do período experimental, foi determinado o peso corporal e foram coletadas amostras de sangue, sem jejum dos animais, para a mensuração de sódio, potássio, cloreto, magnésio total, fósforo e cálcio ionizado. Observou-se resposta quadrática do peso corporal, de acordo com os tratamentos, e das concentrações séricas de fósforo, magnésio total e cálcio iônico em decorrência dos tratamentos. O ganho de peso corporal foi maior nos animais alimentados com suplementação de fósforo em teores acima de 0,135%. O melhor resultado foi obtido com a dieta de 0,330% de fósforo, porém, o aumento a partir de 0,200% na dieta ocasionou elevação na concentração sérica de fósforo.

Is screening for fetal anomalies reliable in HIV-infected pregnant women? A multicentre study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of HIV infection on the reliability of the first-trimester screening for Down syndrome, using free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency, and of the second-trimester screening for neural tube defects, using alpha-fetoprotein. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicentre study comparing the multiples of the median of markers for Down syndrome and neural tube defect screening among 214 HIV-infected pregnant women and 856 HIV-negative controls undergoing a first-trimester Down syndrome screening test, and 209 HIV-positive women and 836 HIV-negative controls with a risk evaluation for neural tube defect. The influence of treatment, chronic hepatitis and HIV disease characteristics were also evaluated. RESULTS: Multiples of the median medians for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin were lower in HIV-positive women than controls (0.88 vs. 1.05 and 0.84 vs. 1.09, respectively; P < 0.005), but these differences had no impact on risk estimation; no differences were observed for the other markers. No association was found between HIV disease characteristics, antiretroviral treatment use at the time of screening or chronic hepatitis and marker levels. CONCLUSION: Screening for Down syndrome during the first trimester and for neural tube defect during the second trimester is accurate for HIV-infected women and should be offered, similar to HIV-negative women.

Características fenológicas e físicas e perfil de ácidos graxos em oliveiras no sul de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas e físicas, o teor lipídico e o perfil de ácidos graxos dos frutos de cultivares de oliveira, da Serra da Mantiqueira, sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Alto D'Ouro, Arbequina, Galega, Grappolo 541, Grappolo 561, Grappolo 575, Negroa, Penafiel, Ropades 392 e Santa Catalina, nos anos agrícolas 2008/2009, 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Extraiu-se o óleo bruto das cultivares ricas em lipídeos, para a avaliação do perfil de ácidos graxos. O florescimento ocorre de julho a outubro, e a colheita de janeiro a março. A cultivar mais precoce é a Arbequina, e as mais tardias são Galega, Grappolo 575 e Santa Catalina. 'Grappolo 561' apresenta frutos de maior diâmetro transversal, e 'Grappolo 541' frutos de maior massa total. 'Arbequina' e 'Grappolo 561' apresentam maior teor de lipídeos.

Proliferative and Osteogenic Differentiation Potentials of Human Fetal Bone Cells

BACKGROUND. Human primary fetal bone cells (hFBC) are being characterized for use in bone tissue regeneration. Unlike human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), hFBC are partially differentiated with high expansion and regeneration potential. To date, proliferative and osteoblastic differentiation capacities of fetal bone cells remain poorly examined. The goal of this study was to define an environmental culture conditions for optimal proliferation and production of extracellular bone matrix leading to efficient bone repair. METHODS. Human primary FBC derived from our dedicated, consistent banks of bone cells comprising several fetal donors. For proliferation study, monolayer cultures of both cell types were expanded in DMEM or α- MEM media. Osteoblastic differentiation potentials of both hFBC and hMSC were evaluated through RT-PCR. Regulation of osteogenic differentiation by protein ligands Wnt3a and Wnt5a was studied by ALP enzymatic activity measurement. RESULTS. Evaluation of the proliferation rate demonstrated that hFBC proliferated more rapidly in α-MEM medium. Regarding growth factors that could stimulate cell proliferation rate, we observed that PDGF, FGF2 and Wnt3a had positive effects on proliferation of hFBC. Gene expression analysis demonstrated a higher expression of runx2 in hFBC cultured in basal conditions, which was was similar than that was observed in hMSC in osteoinductive culture conditions. Expression of sox9 was very low in hBFC and hMSC, compared to expression observed in fetal cartilage cells. Looking at osteogenic differentiation capacity, ALP activity was positively regulated byWnt5awhen hFBCwere cultured inα-MEM, but not in DMEM. Conversely, Wnt3a was shown to block the effect of osteogenic inductors on differentiation of both cell types. CONCLUSION. Data presented in this study indicate that the proliferation and differentiation of fetal and mesenchymal stem cells is optimal in α- MEM. Evidence for a pre-differentiated state of hBFC was given by extracellular matrix spontaneous mineralization as well as by higher ALP activity levels observed for these cells in baseline culture conditions, in comparison with hMSC. As we showed that, in vitro, hFBC express a higher capacity to differentiate in osteoblasts, they represent an attractive and promising prospect for fundamental research, and specifically for a new generation of skeletal tissue engineering.