Unique concepts and systems for "zero-maintenance" pavements : state-ofthe-art report /

Interim report, issued July 1977.

VESYS G : a computer program for analysis of N-layered flexible pavements /

Mode of access: Internet.

Drainage and erosion control : subsurface drainage facilities for airfield pavements.

"March 1979."

Flexible pavements for roads, streets, walks, and open storage areas /

Mode of access: Internet.

Rigid pavements for roads, streets, walks, and open storage areas.

"This manual supercedes TM 5-822-6/AFM 88-7, Chapter 1, dated 30 Jun 61 (formerly designated as Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers Manual EM 1110-345-292) with Changes 1 and 2."

Standard practice for concrete pavements.

"August 1987."

Bituminous pavements standard practice.

"July 1987."

Report to the Hon. Cyrus C. Miller, president of the borough of the Bronx, on White Plains Road experimental pavements,

Mode of access: Internet.

Predictive design procedures, VESYS users manual : an interim design method for flexible pavements using the VESYS structural subsystem /

Mode of access: Internet.

Technological review of prestressed pavements /

Mode of access: Internet.

Drying of porous building materials: hydraulic diffusivity and front propagation

One-dimensional drying of a porous building material is modelled as a nonlinear diffusion process. The most difficult case of strong surface drying when an internal drying front is created is treated in particular. Simple analytical formulae for the drying front and moisture profiles during second stage drying are obtained when the hydraulic diffusivity is known. The analysis demonstrates the origin of the constant drying front speed observed elsewhere experimentally. Application of the formulae is illustrated for an exponential diffusivity and applied to the drying of a fired clay brick.

A new equation for macroscopic description of capillary rise in porous media

Capillary rise in porous media is frequently modeled using the Washburn equation. Recent accurate measurements of advancing fronts clearly illustrate its failure to describe the phenomenon in the long term. The observed underprediction of the position of the front is due to the neglect of dynamic saturation gradients implicit in the formulation of the Washburn equation. We consider an approximate solution of the governing macroscopic equation, which retains these gradients, and derive new analytical formulae for the position of the advancing front, its speed of propagation, and the cumulative uptake. The new solution properly describes the capillary rise in the long term, while the Washburn equation may be recovered as a special case. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Non-additivity of attractive potentials in modeling of N-2 and Ar adsorption isotherms on graphitized carbon black and porous carbon by means of density functional theory

We present a new approach accounting for the nonadditivity of attractive parts of solid-fluid and fluidfluid potentials to improve the quality of the description of nitrogen and argon adsorption isotherms on graphitized carbon black in the framework of non-local density functional theory. We show that the strong solid-fluid interaction in the first monolayer decreases the fluid-fluid interaction, which prevents the twodimensional phase transition to occur. This results in smoother isotherm, which agrees much better with experimental data. In the region of multi-layer coverage the conventional non-local density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are known to over-predict the amount adsorbed against experimental isotherms. Accounting for the non-additivity factor decreases the solid-fluid interaction with the increase of intermolecular interactions in the dense adsorbed fluid, preventing the over-prediction of loading in the region of multi-layer adsorption. Such an improvement of the non-local density functional theory allows us to describe experimental nitrogen and argon isotherms on carbon black quite accurately with mean error of 2.5 to 5.8% instead of 17 to 26% in the conventional technique. With this approach, the local isotherms of model pores can be derived, and consequently a more reliab * le pore size distribution can be obtained. We illustrate this by applying our theory against nitrogen and argon isotherms on a number of activated carbons. The fitting between our model and the data is much better than the conventional NLDFT, suggesting the more reliable PSD obtained with our approach.