Popular beliefs regarding the treatment of senile cataract

OBJECTIVE: To identify popular beliefs regarding the treatment of senile cataract in patients enrolled in the community health programs on eye rehabilitation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an interview questionnaire that was applied to 776 subjects drawn from a non-probabilistic sample in five cities of the state of São Paulo. The sample was made up of 47.2% males and 52.8% females, aged 50 to 96 years (average age 71.6 years). RESULTS: Of the total of subjects studied, 41.9% had never attended school, and 78.5% were no longer in the employment market. Most (85.1%) credited the sight restoration to cataract surgery. Among those unconvinced, 47.4% asserted that sight restoration depended only on God's will. A greater proportion of women than men (p 0.0000) believed in the association of cataract and menopause, maternity, and menstrual periods and they admitted using herbal and rose teas for treating cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Misbeliefs related to the causes and treatment of senile cataract were identified, most probably of sociocultural basis, indicating the need of education on the subject.

Culture, politics and identity: critical readings on gender in southeast Asia

Indian Journal of Gender Studies October 2012 vol. 19 no. 3 437-467

The influence of relationship quality and culture in the relations between exporter and distributor : the case of portuguese exports to Angola

The objective of this research is to investigate the role of the relationship quality, cooperation and culture between Portuguese companies and their export market intermediaries in Angola. In particular, we aim to understand the importance that the quality of the relationship has in cooperation and the role of cultures in export activities. An important aspect of this study is precisely the fact that it includes an African country, where, in terms of the literature, there is a strong lack of studies. In terms of methodology we opted for qualitative analysis; we present the results of two case studies of Portuguese exporting companies and one case study of Angolan intermediate. In general, the results are that the business relationships are characterized by trust, commitment, cooperation, culture, similar values, as in the past, Angola belonged to Portugal there is easy communication because both countries share the same. Such factors will influence the trade relations between Portuguese exporters and their Angolan distributors.

Cultura Popular em Portugal, de Almeida Garrett a António Ferro

Os fenómenos nacionalistas desde sempre revelaram a necessidade de formas de identificação coletiva. Esta (re)descoberta de uma identidade nacional pretendia apresentar a Nação como enraizada na mais remota antiguidade. Neste sentido, o culto dos costumes populares revelou-se de particular importância. Em grande parte dos Estados europeus, no período entre meados de Oitocentos e as décadas de vinte e trinta do século XX, verificou-se a mobilização do demótico, através da via científica da etnografia, transformado em espelho da nacionalidade, conferindo-lhe um caráter único, singular, por um lado e, por outro, comprovando a antiguidade da Nação. Neste artigo, procurar-se-á mapear três períodos, no que concerne a esta relação entre nacionalismo e cultura popular, em Portugal, desde finais do século XIX, até ao Estado Novo, passando pela 1ª República.

Patterns, mathematics and culture : the search for symmetry in Azorean sidewalks and traditional crafts

In the hustle and bustle of daily life, how often do we stop to pay attention to the tiny details around us, some of them right beneath our feet? Such is the case of interesting decorative patterns that can be found in squares and sidewalks beautified by the traditional Portuguese pavement. Its most common colors are the black and the white of the basalt and the limestone used; the result is a large variety and richness in patterns. No doubt, it is worth devoting some of our time enjoying the lovely Portuguese pavement, a true worldwide attraction. The interesting patterns found on the Azorean handicrafts are as fascinating and substantial from the cultural point of view. Patterns existing in the sidewalks and crafts can be studied from the mathematical point of view, thus allowing a thorough and rigorous cataloguing of such heritage. The mathematical classification is based on the concept of symmetry, a unifying principle of geometry. Symmetry is a unique tool for helping us relate things that at first glance may appear to have no common ground at all. By interlacing different fields of endeavor, the mathematical approach to sidewalks and crafts is particularly interesting, and an excellent source of inspiration for the development of highly motivated recreational activities. This text is an invitation to visit the nine islands of the Azores and to identify a wide range of patterns, namely rosettes and friezes, by getting to know different arts and crafts and sidewalks.

The hospital survey on patient safety culture in Portuguese hospitals: instrument validity and reliability

Purpose – Quantitative instruments to assess patient safety culture have been developed recently and a few review articles have been published. Measuring safety culture enables healthcare managers and staff to improve safety behaviours and outcomes for patients and staff. The study aims to determine the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) Portuguese version's validity and reliability. Design/methodology/approach – A missing-value analysis and item analysis was performed to identify problematic items. Reliability analysis, inter-item correlations and inter-scale correlations were done to check internal consistency, composite scores. Inter-correlations were examined to assess construct validity. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to investigate the observed data's fit to the dimensional structure proposed in the AHRQ HSPSC Portuguese version. To analyse differences between hospitals concerning composites scores, an ANOVA analysis and multiple comparisons were done. Findings – Eight of 12 dimensions had Cronbach's alphas higher than 0.7. The instrument as a whole achieved a high Cronbach's alpha (0.91). Inter-correlations showed that there is no dimension with redundant items, however dimension 10 increased its internal consistency when one item is removed. Originality/value – This study is the first to evaluate an American patient safety culture survey using Portuguese data. The survey has satisfactory reliability and construct validity.

Telling stories of culture through literature

Grounded on Raymond Williams‘s definition of knowable community as a cultural tool to analyse literary texts, the essay reads the texts D.H.Lawrence wrote while travelling in the Mediterranean (Twilight in Italy, Sea and Sardinia and Etruscan Places) as knowable communities, bringing to the discussion the wide importance of literature not only as an object for aesthetic or textual readings, but also as a signifying practice which tells stories of culture. Departing from some considerations regarding the historical development of the relationship between literature and culture, the essay analyses the ways D. H. Lawrence constructed maps of meaning, where the readers, in a dynamic relation with the texts, apprehend experiences, structures and feelings; putting into perspective Williams‘s theory of culture as a whole way of life, it also analyses the ways the author communicates and organizes these experiences, creating a space of communication and operating at different levels of reality: on the one hand, the reality of the whole way of Italian life, and, on the other hand, the reality of the reader who aspires to make sense and to create an interpretative context where all the information is put, and, also, the reality of the writer in the poetic act of writing. To read these travel writings as knowable communities is to understand them as a form that invents a community with no other existence but that of the literary text. The cultural construction we find in these texts is the result of the selection, and interpretation done by D.H.Lawrence, as well as the product of the author‘s enunciative positions, and of his epistemological and ontological filigrees of existence, structured by the conditions of possibility. In the rearticulation of the text, of the writer and of the reader, in a dynamic and shared process of discursive alliances, we understand that Lawrence tells stories of the Mediterranean through his literary art.

Preços e disponibilidade de medicamentos no Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar o desempenho do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil perante os setores público e privado, em relação a: disponibilidade, preço e custo, para o paciente, de medicamentos para hipertensão e diabetes. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em conjunto com a Ação Internacional para Saúde, para comparação de preços e disponibilidade de medicamentos. A pesquisa foi aplicada em maio de 2007, em estabelecimentos de diferentes setores [público, privado e as modalidades própria (FPB-P) e expansão (FPB-E) do Programa], em 30 municípios do Brasil. Os quatro medicamentos analisados foram: captopril 25mg e hidroclorotiazida 25mg, para hipertensão, e metformina 500mg e glibenclamida 5mg, para diabetes. RESULTADOS: O FPB-E apresentou maior disponibilidade de medicamentos e o setor público, a menor. Tanto no setor público quanto na FPB-P o percentual de disponibilidade de similares foi maior que o de genéricos. A comparação de preços entre os setores mostrou menor preço de aquisição no FPB-E, seguido pelo FPB-P. O FPB-E apresentou economia superior a 90% em relação ao setor privado. O número de dias de trabalho necessários para aquisição de tratamentos para hipertensão e diabetes foi menor no FPB-E. CONCLUSÕES: A menor disponibilidade encontrada no setor público pode ser uma das justificativas para migração dos usuários do setor público para o FPB. Os altos preços praticados pelo setor privado também contribuem para que o Programa seja uma alternativa de acesso a medicamentos no País.

Loas a María: religiosidad popular en Portugal

El trabajo de la profesora Lucília José Justino supone a todas luces una contribución en un género textual poco estudiado desde una perspectiva textual, como son la Loas a Nuestra Senora de Nazaré. in Prefácio, Eloy Martos Núnez

Loas a Maria: religiosidade popular em Portugal

Lucília José Justino dedicou-se, com um fervor que não exclui o rigor - antes pelo contrário, o fortalece - a uma fecunda recolha de loas a Nossa Senhora que, só por si tornaria este livro precioso. Mas vai mais longe: estuda-as. O seu objectivo confessado é estudar as loas a Nossa Senhora da Nazaré, Círio da Prata Grande ou dos Saloios, do século XVIII ao século XXI. in Prefácio, Teresa Rita Lopes

Acessibilidade à atenção básica a famílias negras em bairro popular de Salvador, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a acessibilidade de famílias negras de bairro popular aos serviços de atenção básica à saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo etnográfico, ancorado na antropologia de base interpretativa, realizado com 18 famílias selecionadas de um bairro popular de Salvador, BA, no período de dois anos. Os critérios de inclusão foram residência no bairro e autoclassificação como negros. A análise se baseou na antropologia interpretativa e considerou as categorias: autorreferência étnico-racial; experiências de discriminação nos serviços; percepção sobre acessibilidade na atenção básica; e barreiras de acessibilidade. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Identificaram-se os seguintes aspectos: a) identidade étnico-racial e saúde: percepção dos usuários de que as barreiras organizacionais e de acesso se devem a um amplo contexto social que produz cidadãos "de primeira e de segunda categorias", mais do que a um racismo institucional; b) acessibilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): acesso problemático, permeado pela demora no atendimento, falta de compromisso dos profissionais de saúde, omissão dos gestores no controle e correção dessas situações; c) acessibilidade na atenção básica: visão sobre o contexto mais geral do SUS e apoio na descrição dos entrevistados sobre o acesso aos serviços de atenção básica. CONCLUSÕES: Há barreiras de acessibilidade econômicas, organizacionais e culturais que se interpõem entre a oferta de serviços e o atendimento efetivo e oportuno das necessidades da população estudada.

Development of Chitosan and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blended scaffolds for cell culture using supercritical fluids technology

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Resistance of mice immunized with killed culture trypomastigotes against infection by insect-derived trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi

Mice immunized with heat or merthiolate-killed culture trypomastigotes of the non-virulent G strain were resistant to the challenge by insect-derived trypomastigotes of the CL strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. No parasitemia was detected, by direct microscopic examination of blood samples, in 90% of immunized mice while all control animals developed a high parasitemia. Trypsinization before heat-inactivation, or fixation with paraformaldehyde, apparently reduced the immunogenicity of the G strain trypomastigotes. Mice immunized with trypomastigotes treated by either of these procedures were not protected against infection by virulent T. cruzi. Analysis of the 13I-labeled surface proteins of G strain trypomastigotes inactivated by the various methods suggests that these components are involved in eliciting protective immunity against T. cruzi infection.