Eficiência de nematoides entomopatogênicos e inseticidas químicos contra Sphenophorus levis e Leucothyreus sp. em cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Culture of osteogenic cells from human alveolar bone: A useful source of alkaline phosphatase

The aim of this study was to obtain membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from osteoblastic-like cells of human alveolar bone. Cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion and maintained in primary culture in osteogenic medium until subconfluence. First passage cells were cultured in the same medium and at 7, 14, and 21 days, total protein content, collagen content, and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated. Bone-like nodule formation was evaluated at 21 days. Cells in primary culture at day 14 were washed with Tris-HCl buffer, and used to extract the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. Cells expressed osteoblastic phenotype. The apparent optimum pH for PNPP hydrolysis by the enzyme was pH 10.0. This enzyme also hydrolyzes ATP, ADP, fructose-1-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, pyrophosphate and beta-glycerophosphate. PNPPase activity was reduced by typical inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. SDS-PAGE of membrane fraction showed a single band with activity of similar to 120 kDa that could be solubilized by phospholipase C or Polidocanol. (c) 2007 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Construction of an alkaline phosphatase-liposome system: a tool for biomineralization study

Alkaline phosphatase is required for the mineralization of bone and cartilage. This enzyme is localized in the matrix vesicle, which plays a role key in calcifying cartilage. In this paper. we standardize a method for construction an alkaline phosphatase liposome system to mimic matrix vesicles and examine a some kinetic behavior of the incorporated enzyme. Polidocanol-solubilized alkaline phosphatase, free of detergent, was incorporated into liposomes constituted from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dilaurilphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). This process was time-dependent and >95% of the enzyme was incorporated into the liposome after 4 h of incubation at 25 degreesC. Although, incorporation was more rapid when vesicles constituted from DPPC were used, the incorporation was more efficient using vesicles constituted from DMPC. The 395 nm diameter of the alkaline phosphatase-liposome system was relatively homogeneous and more stable when stored at 4 degreesC.Alkaline phosphatase was completely released from liposome system only using purified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC). These experiments confirm that the interaction between alkaline phosphatase and lipid bilayer of liposome is via GPI anchor of the enzyme, alone. An important point shown is that an enzyme bound to liposome does not lose the ability to hydrolyze ATP, pyrophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), but a liposome environment affects its kinetic properties, specifically for pyrophosphate.The standardization of such system allows the study of the effect of phospholipids and the enzyme in in vitro and in vivo mineralization, since it reproduces many essential features of the matrix vesicle. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kinetic characterization of a membrane-specific ATPase from rat osseous plate and its possible significance on endochondral ossification

Treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of rat osseous plate membranes released up to 90-95% of alkaline phosphatase, but a specific ATPase activity (optimum pH = 7.5) remained bound to the membrane. The hydrolysis of ATP by this ATPase was negligible in the absence of magnesium or calcium ions. However, at millimolar concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions, the membrane-specific ATPase activity increased to about 560-600 U/mg, exhibiting two classes of ATP-hydrolysing sites, and site-site interactions. GTP, UTP, ITP, and CTP were also hydrolyzed by the membrane-specific ATPase. Oligomycin, ouabain, bafilomycin A(1), thapsigargin, omeprazole, ethacrynic acid and EDTA slightly affected membrane-specific ATPase activity while vanadate produced a 18% inhibition. The membrane-specific ATPase activity was insensitive to theophylline, but was inhibited 40% by levamisole. These data suggested that the membrane-specific ATPase activity present in osseous plate membranes, and alkaline phosphatase, were different proteins. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Contribution of matrix vesicles and alkaline phosphatase to ectopic bone formation

Endochondral calcification involves the participation of matrix vesicles (MVs), but it remains unclear whether calcification ectopically induced by implants of demineralized bone matrix also proceeds via MVs. Ectopic bone formation was induced by implanting rat demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats and was examined histologically and biochemically. Budding of MVs from chondrocytes was observed to serve as nucleation sites for mineralization during induced ectopic osteogenesis, presenting a diameter with Gaussian distribution with a median of 306 ± 103 nm. While the role of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) during mineralization involves hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), it is unclear how the microenvironment of MV may affect the ability of TNAP to hydrolyze the variety of substrates present at sites of mineralization. We show that the implants contain high levels of TNAP capable of hydrolyzing p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), ATP and PPi. The catalytic properties of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored, polidocanol-solubilized and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-released TNAP were compared using pNPP, ATP and PPi as substrates. While the enzymatic efficiency (k cat/Km) remained comparable between polidocanol-solubilized and membrane-bound TNAP for all three substrates, the k cat/Km for the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-solubilized enzyme increased approximately 108-, 56-, and 556-fold for pNPP, ATP and PPi, respectively, compared to the membrane-bound enzyme. Our data are consistent with the involvement of MVs during ectopic calcification and also suggest that the location of TNAP on the membrane of MVs may play a role in determining substrate selectivity in this micro-compartment.

Elaboração de um queijo análogo ao pecorino romano produzido com leite de cabra e coalhada congelados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tratamento hidrotérmico na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de maracujá-amarelo

Objetivando avaliar o efeito da temperatura de imersão na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de maracujá-amarelo, instalou-se na FCA/UNESP este experimento, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: T1 (testemunha); T2 (35°C por 2 horas); T3 (35°C por 4 horas); T4 (43°C por 2 horas); T5 (43°C por 4 horas); T6 (53°C por 2 horas); T7 (53°C por 4 horas), sendo os frutos mantidos em câmaras BOD a 12 ± 1 °C e 80-90% UR. A cada três dias, foram retiradas amostras dos tratamentos para as seguintes análises: Grupo destrutivo - pH, firmeza, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação (SS/AT), rendimento de polpa e vitamina C; e para o grupo-controle determinaram-se perda de massa e coloração da casca. Com base nos resultados obtidos, os tratamentos hidrotérmicos dos frutos, com temperaturas menores, como é o caso do T2 e T3, apresentaram frutos com menor perda de massa, melhor manutenção da coloração, boa manutenção da firmeza da casca e teores razoáveis de vitamina C, enquanto as temperaturas mais elevadas causaram danos à aparência dos frutos (queima da casca) e reduziram os teores de vitamina C na polpa.

Superação da dormência de sementes de carrapicho-beiço-de-boi

Visando a obtenção de um tratamento para acelerar a germinação de sementes de Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC., foram realizados dois experimentos, nos quais, segmentos unisseminados de lomentos (testemunha) foram submetidos a debulha manual; debulha manual seguida por escarificação manual empregando-se lixa n. 220; debulha mecânica (processador doméstico ); escarificação química com H2SO4 (95%) por 1,5 e 8 mim pré-aquecimento à 53°C por 4,10 e 16h em estufa com circulação forçada de ar; embebição, utilizando-se H,0 à 80°C por 1,3,5 e 10 min; H20 à 27°C por 2h e embebição com alternância térmica (H,0 à 80°C/ 5min e H20 à 13 °C / 1min) . Para a avaliação dos tratamentos foram empregados os testes de germinação, de emergência de plântulas em solo (E), de primeira contagem de germinação (PG) e de emergência (PE), índices de velocidade de germinação (I.V.G.) e de emergência (I.V.E.), e o comprimento de plântulas (CP). 0 delineamento estatístico adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições de 100 (G, PG, I.V.G.) ou 20 sementes (C P) por tratamento no primeiro experimento e 4 repetições de 50 (G, PG, I.V.G.) ou 100 sementes (E, PE, I.V.E.) no segundo experimento. No primeiro experimento, os tratamentos que provocaram significativa redução da dormência (D) e, conseqüente elevação da germinação (G), em comparação à testemunha (D=82%; G=15%) foram, em ordem decrescente de eficácia: debulha e escarificação manuais (D=3%; G= 92%), debu lha mecânica (D=13%; G= 81%), embebição em H20 à 80°C por 1min (D=68%; G= 29%) e por 3 min (D=65%; G=32%). No segundo experimento, (testemunha com D=93% e G=3%) destacaram-se: debulha e escarificação manuais (D=2%; G= 93%), debulha mecânica (D = 2%; G = 87%), embebição em H20 à 80°C por 5min e alternância térmica (ambos com D=85% e G= 11%). 0s testes de vigor PC, I.V. G., I.V. E., CP, e E corroboraram esses resultados. 0s métodos de escarificação manual com lixa 220 e debulha mecânica, empregando-se processa dor, podem ser recomendados para a superação da dormência e promoção da germinação de sementes de D. tortuosum.

Efeito de pontas de pulverização na deposição e na dessecação em plantas de Brachiaria brizantha

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência de pontas de pulverização com diferentes vazões e tamanhos de gotas na deposição e na dessecação de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, além da quantificação das perdas da calda de pulverização para o solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada unidade experimental constituiu-se de três linhas de 5 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 1 m. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada 16 meses após a semeadura da braquiária; 40 dias antes da aplicação foi realizada uma roçagem para uniformização da área. Foram avaliadas as pontas de pulverização de jato plano XR 11001 VS (100 L ha-1) e XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1), jato cônico TX-4VS (100 L ha-1) e TX-8 VK (200 L ha-1), ponta com indução de ar AI 11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e jato plano duplo TJ60 11002 VS (200 L ha-1). A calda foi aplicada com o herbicida glyphosate na dose de 1.800 g ha-1, mais um traçador (FD&C nº1 2.000 ppm). Foram coletados imediatamente após a aplicação da calda 25 perfilhos por repetição, sendo lavadas separadamente as folhas e caules de cada perfilho em 150 ml de água destilada, para posterior quantificação do traçador em espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram ajustados à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. Todas as pontas utilizadas foram eficientes na dessecação das plantas de B. brizantha, independentemente do volume utilizado, o que evidencia a possibilidade de redução do volume de aplicação e da dosagem do herbicida na dessecação de pastagens, considerando-se a utilização de herbicidas sistêmicos. Ressalta-se que houve diferença na quantidade e na uniformidade de distribuição da calda pulverizada nos alvos avaliados em função da ponta testada e, conseqüentemente, do volume utilizado.

Inferência do ponto de orvalho em amostras de gás natural processado

This dissertation aims to assess the representativeness of the manual chilled mirror analyzer (model II Chanscope 13-1200-CN-2) used for the determination of condensed hydrocarbons of natural gas compared to the indirect methods, based on thermodynamic models equation of state. Additionally, it has been implemented in this study a model for calculating the dew point of natural gas. The proposed model is a modification of the equation of state of Peng-Robinson admits that the groups contribution as a strategy to calculate the binary interaction parameters kij (T) temperature dependence. Experimental data of the work of Brown et al. (2007) were used to compare the responses of the dew point of natural gas with thermodynamic models contained in the UniSim process simulator and the methodology implemented in this study. Then two natural gas compositions were studied, the first being a standard gas mixture gravimetrically synthesized and, second, a mixture of processed natural gas. These experimental data were also compared with the results presented by UniSim process simulator and the thermodynamic model implemented. However, data from the manual analysis results indicated significant differences in temperature, these differences were attributed to the formation of dew point of water, as we observed the appearance of moisture on the mirror surface cooling equipment

Desenvolvimento de tensoativos e sistemas microemulsionados para recuperação de petróleo

The high concentration of residual oil is one of the greatest problems found in petroleum mature fields. In these reservoirs, different enhanced oil recovery methods (EOR) can be used, highlighting the microemulsion injection. The microemulsion has showed to be efficient in petroleum recovery due to its ability to promote an efficient displacement of the petroleum, acting directly in the residual oil. In this way, this research has as objective the study of microemulsion systems obtained using a commercial surfactant (TP), determining microemulsion thermal stabilities and selecting points inside the pseudoternary phases diagram, evaluating its efficiencies and choosing the best system, that has the following composition: TP as surfactant (S), isopropyl alcohol as co-surfactant (C), kerosene as oil phase, water as aqueous phase, C/S ratio = 1, and 5% sodium p-toluenesulfonate as hydrotope; being observed the following parameters for the selection of the best pseudoternary phases diagram: C/S ratio, co-surfactant nature and addition of hydrotope to the system. The efficiency in petroleum recovery was obtained using two sandstone formation systems: Assu and Botucatu. The study of thermal stabilities showed that as the concentration of active matter in the system increased, the thermal stability also increased. The best thermal stability was obtained using point F (79.56 0C). The system that presented the best recovery percentile between the three selected (3) was composed by: 70% C/S, 2% kerosene and 28% water, with 94% of total recovery efficiency and 60% with microemulsion injection, using the Botucatu formation, that in a general way presented greater efficiencies as compared with the Assu one (81.3% of total recovery efficiency and 38.3% with microemulsion injection)

Evolução microestrutural da cerâmica KSr2Nb5O15 dopada com CuO:B2O3

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Engenharia de microestrutura em varistor à base de ZnO: evidências de homogeneidade e correlação com reações químicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural characterization and in vivo evaluation of retinyl palmitate in non-ionic lamellar liquid crystalline system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural and morphological characteristics of (Pb1-x Sr (x) )TiO3 powders obtained by polymeric precursor method

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)