970 resultados para Marguerite, Queen, consort of Henry IV, King of France, 1553-1615
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The crisis in the eurozone– which became worse in Europe at the same time that the Lisbon Treaty entered in force at the end of 2009 – has presented the first test of the crisis management capabilities of the intergovernmental approach. As provided under the Lisbon Treaty, the European Council has been the true decision-making centre for the policies adopted in response to the financial crisis, with the Commission playing a technical role. This commentary finds, however, that this institutional set-up has been unsatisfactory and unable to overcome the three fundamental dilemmas of the integration process: the dilemma of veto power, the dilemma of enforcement of the agreements and the dilemma of decision-making legitimacy. While it remains to be seen whether the election of François Hollande as President of France signals the beginning of a new political cycle characterised by new ideas on the institutional future of the EU, if that were to materialise, this paper aims to contribute to the debate on those new ideas.
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This essay compares the preferences of France, Italy, and Britain on the creation of the European Monetary System in 1978-1979, especially the Exchange Rate Mechanism, which stabilised nominal exchange rates. My claim is that the different conclusions reached by the governments (France and Italy in, Britain out) cannot be explained by economic circumstances or by interests, and I elaborate an intervening institutional variable which helps explain preferences. Deducing from spatial theory that where decisionmakers `sit' on the left-right spectrum matters to their position on the EMS, I argue that domestic constitutional power-. sharing mechanisms privilege certain actors over others in a predictable and consistent way. Where centrists were in power, the government's decision was to join. Where left or right extremists were privileged, the government's decision was negative. The article measures the centrism of the governments in place at the time, and also reviews the positions taken by the national political parties in and out of government. It is intended to contribute to the growing comparativist literature on the European Union, and to the burgeoning literature on EU-member-state relations.
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Edition limited to 800 numbered sets.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Each front accompanied by guard sheet with descriptive letterpress.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Titles vary: v. 5 has title, "Civil correspondence and memoranda"; v. 6-15 have title, "Supplementary despatches. Correspondence and memoranda. "
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"Chronique de Normandie" (Old French and English) is taken from a manuscript by Georges Chastellain, collated with a manuscript of William of Worcester and with an extract from "L'histoire et cronique de Normandie, par Jean Nagerel." cf. Pref.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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contains 1471 pieces." - Pref.
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Reprint of the 1902-1930 ed. published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford.
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"Vorwort der Uebersetzerin"--P. [5-6].