Teores de metais pesados e caracterização mineralógica de solos do Cemitério Municipal de Santa Cândida, Curitiba (PR)

As partes metálicas dos caixões, como alças e adereços, são consideradas as principais fontes de contaminação dos solos de cemitério por metais pesados. Outras fontes de poluentes são os produtos usados no embalsamento de corpos, conservantes da madeira de caixões e líquidos humurosos liberados na decomposição. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a mineralogia da fração de argila e os teores de metais pesados de solos do Cemitério Municipal de Santa Cândida, Curitiba (PR), e estimar o risco de contaminação ambiental por esses poluentes. Foram selecionados sete locais, de onde se coletaram amostras em três profundidades (0-20, 20-80 e 80-120 cm), representando dois materiais de origem (granito/gnaisse e argilito) e dois tipos de sepultura (de indigentes e por jazigos). A fração de argila foi estudada por difratometria de raios X e análises térmicas. Determinaram-se os teores de Fe e Al nos extratos das amostras com oxalato de amônio ácido (óxidos de Fe e Al de baixa cristalinidade) e com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato (óxidos de Fe cristalinos) por espectrometria de absorção atômica (EAA). Os teores totais e trocáveis de Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni e Zn foram determinados por EAA, após digestão das amostras com HF concentrado e solução de BaCl2 1 mol L-1, respectivamente. A ocorrência de vermiculita hidroxi-Al entrecamadas e esmectita, além do predomínio de caulinita na fração de argila, determinou os altos valores de capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) dos solos. Na área de jazigos, as amostras de solos apresentaram os maiores teores de metais pesados, com valores máximos de Cr e Pb, na ordem de 516,3 e 260,2 mg kg-1, respectivamente. A menor contaminação na área de indigentes pode ser atribuída à maior simplicidade dos sepultamentos, com menor quantidade de fontes potenciais de metais pesados, como conservantes da madeira e as partes metálicas dos caixões. As características químicas e mineralógicas do solo, em parte determinadas pelo material de origem, não apresentaram relação de causa e efeito com metais pesados nas áreas estudadas.

Audit report on the Evansdale Municipal Water Works, Evansdale, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Evansdale Municipal Water Works, Evansdale, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Record of Decision, Council Bluffs Interstate System(I-29, I-80 and I-480) Improvements Project, October 15, 2005

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approves the selection of the Reconstruction of All or Part of the Interstate (Construction Alternative) as the Preferred Alternative to provide improvements to the interstate system in the Omaha/Council Bluffs metropolitan area, extending across the Missouri River on Interstate 80 to east of the Interstate 480 interchange in Omaha, Nebraska. The study considered long-term, broad-based transportation improvements along Interstate I-29 (I-29), I-80, and I-480, including approximately 18 mainline miles of interstate and 14 interchanges (3 system, 11 service), that would add capacity and correct functional issues along the mainline and interchanges and upgrade the I-80 Missouri River Crossing.

Council Bluffs Interstate System (I-29, I-80 and I-480) Improvements Project, February 28, 2005

The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT), Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR), and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing to improve the interstate system around Council Bluffs with improvements extending across the Missouri River on I-80 to east of the I-480 interchange in Omaha, Nebraska, see Figure 1-1. The study considers long-term, broad-based transportation improvements along I-80, I-29, and I-480, including approximately 18 mainline miles of interstate and 14 interchanges (3 system1, 11 service), that would add capacity and correct functional issues along the mainline and interchanges and upgrade the I-80 Missouri River Crossing. These improvements, once implemented, would bring the segments of I-80 and I-29 up to current engineering standards and modernize the roadway to accommodate future traffic needs

Council Bluffs Interstate System (I-29, I-80 and I-480) Environmental Assessment, March 14, 2011

This Tier 2 Environmental Assessment (EA) presents the results of studies and analysis conducted to determine the potential impacts of proposed improvements in Segment 3 of the Council Bluffs Interstate System (CBIS) in the Council Bluffs metropolitan area. This document is tiered to the Tier 1 Draft and Final Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) that evaluated impacts of the overall CBIS Improvements Project, which includes five segments of independent utility This EA on Segment 3 of the Project is divided into the following sections: and encompasses 18 mainline miles of Interstate and 14 interchanges along Interstate 80 (I-80), Interstate 29 (I-29), and Interstate 480 (I-480).

Council Bluffs Interstate System (I-29, I-80 and I-480) Final Environment Impact Statement, July, 2005

The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT), Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR), and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are proposing improvements to the interstate system in the Omaha/Council Bluffs metropolitan area, extending across the Missouri River on Interstate 80 (I-80) to east of the Interstate 480 (I-480) interchange in Omaha, Nebraska (see Figure 1-1). The study considers long-term, broad-based transportation improvements along Interstate I-29 (I-29), I-80, and I-480, including approximately 18 mainline miles of interstate and 14 interchanges (3 system1, 11 service), that would add capacity and correct functional issues along the mainline and interchanges and upgrade the I-80 Missouri River Crossing. These improvements, once implemented, would bring the segments of I-80 and I-29 up to current engineering standards and modernize the roadway to accommodate future traffic needs.

Measuring the efficiency in Spanish municipal refuse collection services

The objective of this study is to analyse the technical or productive efficiency ofthe refuse collection services in 75 municipalities located in the Spanish regionof Catalonia. The analysis has been carried out using various techniques. Firstly we have calculated a deterministic parametric frontier, then a stochastic parametric frontier, and finally, various non-parametric approaches (DEA and FDH). Concerning the results, these naturally differ according to the technique used to approach the frontier. Nevertheless, they have an appearance of solidity, at least with regard to the ordinal concordance among the indices of efficiency obtained by the different approaches, as is demonstrated by the statistical tests used. Finally, we have attempted to search for any relation existing between efficiency and the method (public or private) of managing the services. No significant relation was found between the type of management and efficiencyindices

Measuring the efficiency in Spanish municipal refuse collection services

The objective of this study is to analyse the technical or productive efficiency ofthe refuse collection services in 75 municipalities located in the Spanish regionof Catalonia. The analysis has been carried out using various techniques. Firstly we have calculated a deterministic parametric frontier, then a stochastic parametric frontier, and finally, various non-parametric approaches (DEA and FDH). Concerning the results, these naturally differ according to the technique used to approach the frontier. Nevertheless, they have an appearance of solidity, at least with regard to the ordinal concordance among the indices of efficiency obtained by the different approaches, as is demonstrated by the statistical tests used. Finally, we have attempted to search for any relation existing between efficiency and the method (public or private) of managing the services. No significant relation was found between the type of management and efficiencyindices

Walking a Fine Line: An Investigation of the Monticello Mayor and City Council, July 5, 2011

Iowa Citizen Aide - Ombudsman Office received a complaint on February 22, 2010, concerning the manner in which the mayor and several city council members for the City of Monticello (City) attempted to remove the city administrator from his position. It was alleged that the mayor and at least one council member went to the homes of other council members and sought their signatures on a letter of offer requesting the city administrator to resign or face a vote to terminate his employment. We were asked to investigate whether this action complied with Iowa’s Open Meetings Law.

Political economy of municipal water service privatization in Spain: a duration model analysis

This empirical work applies a duration model to the study of factors determining privatization of local water services. I assess how factors determining privatization decision evolve as time goes by. A sample of 133 Spanish municipalities during the six terms of office taken place during the 1980-2002 period is analyzed. A dynamic neighboring effect is hypothesized and successfully tested. In a first stage, private water supply firms may try to expand to regions where there is no service privatized, in order to spread over this region after having being installed thanks to its scale advantages. Other factors influencing privatization decision evolve during the two decades under study, from the priority to fix old infrastructures to the concern about service efficiency. Some complementary results regarding political and budgetary factors are also obtained

Report on the Iowa School for the Deaf, Council Bluffs, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Report on the Iowa School for the Deaf, Council Bluffs, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Iowa Egg Council for the years ended June 30, 2010 and 2009

Audit report on the Iowa Egg Council for the years ended June 30, 2010 and 2009