Auch ein Flugblatt aus der deutschen Nationalversammlung: Das souveräne Volk an seine Diener: Heiliger Sankt Blum, Sankt Zitz, Sankt Schlöffel, wo will das hinaus! ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Desinformationsschrift von reaktionärer Seite anläßlich des Protests der Linken gegen das am 28. Juni 1848 verabschiedete Gesetz der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung über die provisorische Zentralgewalt (vgl. Flugbl. Sf 16/104, Bd. 25). Versuch, die Abgeordneten Blum, Zitz und Schlöffel als Vertreter der demokratischen Linken durch die Veröffentlichung ultraradikaler Forderungen ihrer vermeintlichen Anhänger ("Ihr müßt uns einen Tag und einen Ort bestimmen, wo wir Alle zusammenkommen und losschlagen") sowie durch die Vortragung absichtlich absurder Gedankengänge in Mißkredit zu bringen: "Die Reaktion spricht von Wiederkehr des Vertrauens; Viele ... bedenken nicht, daß mit dem Vertrauen auch die Arbeit wiederkehrt, welche für das souveräne Volk der Zustand tiefster Erniedrigung ist. - Das Mandat, welches ihr von uns erhalten, lautet nicht auf Arbeit, sondern auf Wohlstand, Bildung und Freiheit für uns Alle. Gebt uns Freiheit und Wohlstand, die Bildung wollen wir Andern lassen ... "

Aufforderung: Jeder Waffenfähige, welcher sich dem dritten Bataillon der Mobil-Garde einreihen will ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Freiwilligenwerbung für das dritte Bataillon der Wiener Mobilgarde

Herr Pfuel is een braver Mann, der seine Schuldigkeit gedhan! Graf Brandenburg, ach geh zum Küster, dir will hier Keener als Minister: Eene Leichenrede, bei'n Abtritt von's Ministerium Pfuel: Hier stell'n Se man den Sarg her, stille Leidtragende ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Angesichts des neuen Ministeriums des Grafen von Brandenburg, "eines führenden Repräsentanten der hochkonservativen Militärpartei" [Hachtmann: Berlin 1848, S. 740] erscheint der scheidende Ministerpräsident Pfuel in einem anderen Licht: "Bedriegen wollt'ste uns nich un helfen konnste uns nich - da dankste ab. - Olle ehrliche Haut! Wir haben dir verkannt ..."

Age in antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa: a retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) expands, increasing numbers of older patients will start treatment and need specialised long-term care. However, the effect of age in ART programmes in resource-constrained settings is poorly understood. The HIV epidemic is ageing rapidly and South Africa has one of the highest HIV population prevalences worldwide. We explored the effect of age on mortality of patients on ART in South Africa and whether this effect is mediated by baseline immunological status. METHODS In this retrospective cohort analysis, we studied HIV-positive patients aged 16-80 years who started ART for the first time in six large South African cohorts of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa collaboration, in KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, and Western Cape (two primary care clinics, three hospitals, and a large rural cohort). The primary outcome was mortality. We ascertained patients' vital status through linkage to the National Population Register. We used inverse probability weighting to correct mortality for loss to follow-up. We estimated mortality using Cox's proportional hazards and competing risks regression. We tested the interaction between baseline CD4 cell count and age. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2004, and Dec 31, 2013, 84,078 eligible adults started ART. Of these, we followed up 83,566 patients for 174,640 patient-years. 8% (1817 of 23,258) of patients aged 16-29 years died compared with 19% (93 of 492) of patients aged 65 years or older. The age adjusted mortality hazard ratio was 2·52 (95% CI 2·01-3·17) for people aged 65 years or older compared with those 16-29 years of age. In patients starting ART with a CD4 count of less than 50 cells per μL, the adjusted mortality hazard ratio was 2·52 (2·04-3·11) for people aged 50 years or older compared with those 16-39 years old. Mortality was highest in patients with CD4 counts of less than 50 cells per μL, and 15% (1103 of 7295) of all patients aged 50 years or older starting ART were in this group. The proportion of patients aged 50 years or older enrolling in ART increased with successive years, from 6% (290 of 4999) in 2004 to 10% (961 of 9657) in 2012-13, comprising 9% of total enrolment (7295 of 83 566). At the end of the study, 6304 (14%) of 44,909 patients still alive and in care were aged 50 years or older. INTERPRETATION Health services need reorientation towards HIV diagnosis and starting of ART in older individuals. Policies are needed for long-term care of older people with HIV. FUNDING National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), US Agency for International Development, and South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis.

Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy across the globe: comparisons with general population.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improved virological and immunological outcomes and reduced toxicity of antiretroviral combination therapy (ART) raise the hope that life expectancy of HIV-positive persons on ART will approach that of the general population. We systematically review the literature and summarize published estimates of life expectancy of HIV-positive populations on ART. We compare their life expectancy with the life expectancy of the general or, in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-negative populations, by time period and gender. RECENT FINDINGS Ten relevant studies were published from 2006 to 2015. Three studies were from Canada, two from European countries, three from sub-Saharan Africa and two were multicountry studies. Life expectancy increased over time in all studies and regions. Expressed as the percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population, estimated life expectancy at age 20 years in HIV-positive people on ART ranged from 60.3% (95% CI 58.0-62.6%) in Rwanda (2008-2011) to 89.1% (95% CI 84.7-93.6%) in Canada (2008-2012). The percentage of life expectancy in the HIV-negative or general population achieved was higher in HIV-positive women than in HIV-positive men in all countries, except for Canada wherein the opposite was the case. SUMMARY Life expectancy in HIV-positive people on ART has improved worldwide in recent years, but important gaps remain compared with the general and HIV-negative population, and between regions and genders.

Was will die "Ort"-Gesellschaft?

D. Ch.

Ein Vorstand, der unsterblich werden will

A. Elias

"Was will der Zionismus?" [Rezension]

U-y.

"An attentive Ear, a watchful Eye, and a Calm judicious Pen": William Samuel Johnson, the Colonial Agents, and the Transformation of the British Atlantic World

By looking at Great Britain and the American colonies in conjunction with the larger British Atlantic Empire, historians can better understand the political, social, and cultural transformations that occurred when transatlantic actors met. William Samuel Johnson is an example of an "ordinary" agent who nonetheless had extensive contacts with numerous British and American thinkers. While acting on Connecticut's behalf in London between 1767 and 1771, he sent reports back to Connecticut governors Jonathan Trumbull and William Pitkin on parliamentary proceedings while corresponding with the people who traveled around the Atlantic world during this critical period-merchants, seafarers, emigrants, soldiers, missionaries, radicals and conservatives, reformers, and politicians. He is also representative of the late eighteenth-century empire writ large. Agents, who had once been a source of stability in the far-flung colonies, became a destabilizing force as confusion and conflict grew over conceptual ideas of what constituted "the empire" and who was included in it. Johnson was a sane observer in the midst of the ideological and administrative upheaval of the 1760's and 1770's. His subsequent loyalism and political obscurity during the war years was in many ways a result of his attempts to reconcile various factional interests during his tenure as an agent. Although he did his best to resolve these divisions and provide an accurate account of the powerful nationalistic forces gathering on both sides of the Atlantic on the eve of the American Revolution, the agents' collective failures as transatlantic mediators helped bring about the collapse of an imperial community. This disintegration had dramatic effects on the whole of the Atlantic world.

Segnen will ein Mund, der glüht : (Gedicht)

Julian Arendt

Martin Johnson: Simba, Filmabenteuer ... [Rezension]

D.

Martin Johnson: Das Löwenbuch [Rezension]

-ne.

[Ich will dich ganz zart mich lehren...]

Else Lasker-Schüler