The influence of prepulse level on the 3p-3s XUV laser output from Ne-like ions of Zn, Cu and Ni

We have studied the effect of prepulses in enhancing the efficiency of generating ASE beams in soft X-ray laser plasma amplifiers based on pumping Ne-like ions, Slab targets were irradiated with a weak prepulse followed by a main plasma heating pulse of nanosecond duration, Time-integrated; time and spectrally resolved and time and angularly resolved lasing emissions on the 3p-3s (J=0-1) XUV lasing lines of Ne-like Ni, Cu and Zn at wavelengths 232 Angstrom 221 Angstrom and 212 Angstrom respectively have been monitored. Measurements were made for pre-pulse/main-pulse intensity ratios from 10(-5)-10(-1) and for pump delay times of 2 ns and 4.5 ns. Zinc is shown to exhibit a peak in output intensity at similar to 2x10(-3) pre-pulse fraction for a 4.5 ns pump delay, with a main pulse pump intensity of similar to 1.3x10(13) W cm(-2) on a 20 mm target. The Zn lasing emission had a duration of similar to 240 ps and this was insensitive to prepulse fraction. The J=0-1 XUV laser output for nickel and copper increased monotonically with prepulse fraction, with copper targets showing least sensitivity to either prepulse level or prepulse to main pulse delay. Under the conditions of the study, the pre-pulse level was observed to haveno significant influence on the output intensity of the 3p-3s (J=2-1) lines of any of the elements investigated.

Bright quasi-phase-matched soft-x-ray harmonic radiation from argon ions

Selective enhancement (> 10(3)) of harmonics extending to the water window (similar to 4 nm) generated in an argon gas filled straight bore capillary waveguide is demonstrated. This enhancement is in good agreement with modeling which indicates that multimode quasi-phase-matching is achieved by rapid axial intensity modulations caused by beating between the fundamental and higher-order capillary modes. Substantial pulse energies (> 10 nJ per pulse per harmonic order) at wavelengths beyond the carbon K edge (similar to 4.37 nm, similar to 284 eV) up to similar to 360 eV are observed from argon ions for the first time.

High-order harmonics of 248.6-nm KrF laser from helium and neon ions

We report high harmonic generation from a 248.6-nm KrF laser giving harmonic orders up to the 37th (67 Angstrom) in a helium gas jet and the 35th (71 Angstrom) in neon, for laser intensities up to 4 x 10(17) W/cm(2) in 380-fs pulses. These observations are interpreted using theoretical modeling that identifies the ion species He+, Ne+, and Ne2+ as the sources of the highest harmonics.

Inactivation of V79 cells by low-energy protons, deuterons and helium-3 ions

Previous work by ourselves and by others has demonstrated that protons with a linear energy transfer (LET) about 30 V mu m(-1) are more effective at killing cells than doubly charged particles of the same LET. In this work we show that by using deuterons, which have about twice the range of protons with the same LET, it is possible to extend measurements of the RBE of singly charged particles to higher LET (up to 50 keV mu m(-1)). We report the design and use of a new arrangement for irradiating V79 mammalian cells. Cell survival. measurements have been made using protons in the energy range 1.0-3.7 MeV, deuterons in the energy range 0.9-3.4 MeV and He-3(2+) ions in the energy range 3.4-6.9 MeV;. This corresponds to volume-averaged LET (within the cell nucleus) between 10 and 28 keV mu m(-1) for protons, 18-50 keV mu m(-1) for deuterons, and 59-106 keV mu m(-1) for helium ions. Our results show no difference in the effectiveness of protons and deuterons matched for LET. However, for LET above about 30 keV mu m(-1) singly charged particles are more effective at inactivating cells than doubly-charged particles of the same LET and that this difference can be understood in terms of the radial dose distribution around the primary ion track.

Dielectronic recombination of ground-state and metastable Li+ ions

Dielectronic recombination has been investigated for Delta n = 1 resonances of ground-state Li+(1s(2)) and for Delta n = 0 resonances of metastable Li (+) (1s2s S-3). The ground-state spectrum shows three prominent transitions between 53 and 64 eV, while the metastable spectrum exhibits many transitions with energies

Energy distributions of copper ions and atoms sputtered by atomic and molecular ions

Non-resonant multiphoton ionization combined with quadrupole and time-of-flight analysis has been used to study sputtering by both atomic and molecular ion beams. The mass spectra and energy distributions of both sputtered atoms and secondary ions produced by 3.6 keV Ar+, N+, N-2(+), CF2+ and CF3+ ion bombardment at 45 degrees to a polycrystalline copper target have been measured. The energy distributions of the copper ions and atoms are found to be different and quite complex. The ion distributions can generally be described by a linear collision cascade model, with possible evidence for a knock-on contribution. The sputtered atom distributions are partially described by a combination of linear collision cascade and dense cascade (thermal spike) models. This is interpreted as support for a time-evolving sputtering mechanism.

MEASUREMENT OF DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION IN HE+ IONS

Dielectronic recombination was investigated for He+, the simplest ion for which this process is possible. This work was done using the light-ion storage ring and electron cooler at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. Resonant recombination yields resulting from 1s +e- --> nln'l' transitions were observed with sufficient resolution (about 1 eV in the center of mass) to isolate and obtain cross sections for the 2s 2p 3P0 and 2p2 1D terms. The measured cross sections, integrated over the DELTAn = 1 2ln'l' states, agree in magnitude with theoretical calculations. Additionally, DELTAn = 2 dielectronic recombination events associated with 3ln'l' intermediate states were observed.

ABSOLUTE DOUBLY DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON-EMISSION IN COLLISIONS OF 3.5-MEV/U FE(17+) AND FE(22+) IONS WITH HE AND AR GAS TARGETS

Absolute doubly differential cross sections have been measured as a function of electron energy and angle of observation for electron emission in collisions of 3.5-MeV/u Fe17+ and Fe22+ ions with He and Ar gas targets under single-collision conditions. The measured electron emission cross sections are compared to theoretical and scaled cross sections based on the Born approximation. The results using intermediate-mass ions are discussed with reference to previously reported cross sections from collisions with highly charged lighter- and heavier-ion species at MeV/u projectile energies. The continuum-distorted-wave-eikonal-initial-state approximation shows good agreement with experiments except in the