Baserriaren sakabanaketa, bertan bizi den zaharraren ostopoa: lezo eta Usurbilgo adibideak

[ES] El medio rural se enfrenta a un grado de envejecimiento muy elevado, mayor aún que el de las ciudades. Las necesidades en materia de atención social se incrementan en estos espacios, situación agravada por la falta de servicios sociales en sus municipios y por su lejanía. Incluso las comunidades rurales próximas a núcleos urbanos de entidad se enfrentan a este problema. En el caso en estudio recogemos la realidad social del medio rural próximo a San Sebastián, caracterizado por un habitante envejecido, un alto grado de dependencia agravado por residir en un hábitat disperso y un problema cuya asunción se atribuye a la mujer de la familia

Experiencia, pragmatismo y líneas de actuación comunes, bases del nuevo modelo de desarrollo rural del País Vasco

[ES] En el año 1998 el País Vasco pone en marcha un modelo de desarrollo rural fundamentado en la colaboración entre administraciones locales y regionales frente a la dependencia de las subvenciones comunitarias. Con objeto de la necesaria renovación de los Planes Comarcales se produce una reflexión sobre los errores cometidos y se plantean diferentes alternativas que quedan recogidas en unas propuestas metodológicas que van a primar planteamientos inductivos, prácticos y ejecutables y un modo de funcionar que permite llegar con facilidad de la propuesta local a la puesta en común regional. Como resultado obtenemos una interesante propuesta de desarrollo, a tener en cuenta, en un momento en el que muchas Comunidades Autónomas han de reorganizar sus redes de desarrollo rural ante la anunciada reducción de aportaciones comunitarias.

Medio rural y abandono de la agricultura: desarrollo de un ejemplo, el caserío vasco

[ES] El caserío vasco, a pesar de haber estado sometido a un proceso de cambio constante, de haber superado multitud de obstáculos en su desarrollo, llega hasta nosotros relativamente integro. Vivienda y heredad, sus principales atributos espaciales, se mantienen en similares características un siglo después de que se construyeran los últimos caseríos. La continuidad de la institución, sin embargo, es cuestionada nuevamente. Las últimas investigaciones apuntan su desaparición paralelamente a la progresiva desagrarización que Euskal Herria lleva décadas sufriendo y que, en función de los resultados que vamos a exponer, parece llegar a su culminación definitiva.

Evolución y progreso de las asociaciones de desarrollo rural en Gipuzkoa, un modelo necesitado de mayor autonomía y apoyo institucional

[ES] Tras dos décadas dedicadas a la promoción de los espacios rurales las Asociaciones de Desarrollo Rural de Gipuzkoa se han convertido en el vehículo prioritario para el progreso de este tipo de espacios. Su trayectoria ha estado marcada por toda una sucesión de programas con objetivos diversos y directrices políticas y presupuestarias diferentes. Como consecuencia se ha creado un modelo de dinamización rural centrado en la comarca y caracterizado por la diversidad de acciones que aborda y por su capacidad para incorporar nuevos campos, por su alto grado de implicación en la coordinación, ejecución e incluso gestión de servicios y por su capacidad de incorporar actores al desarrollo de los espacios rurales. A pesar de lo acertado del modelo éste aún tiene asignaturas pendientes, especialmente su dependencia de la decisiones políticas que en cada momento se toman y como consecuencia su falta de autonomía, la excesiva ligazón que aún presenta con el que fue el objeto inicial de estas Asociaciones, la realización de infraestructuras y especialmente el estrépito fracaso que ha tenido su pretensión de incorporar a otras instituciones y departamentos además de los propiamente agrarios.

La experiencia como base en la metodología aplicada al desarrollo rural del País Vasco

[EUS] Experitentzia, Eukal Autonomi Erkideko nekazal zonaldeen garapeneko metodologiaren oinarria. Nekazal zonaldeen garapenerako legearen onarpenaren hamarkada baten ondoren, non administrazioaren artean eta Eskualde Planaren bitartez ekiteko eredua definitzen zen, programen gauzapenean hutsune haundiak antzematen dira. Planak berritzeko helburuarekin egindako akatzen inguruan gogoeta bat burutzen da eta metodologi proposamen ezberdinak planteatzen dira. Hauen artean aurreko planen zehaztapen eta konpromesuz kale egin zuten izaera partizipatibo eta irikiaren aurrean asmo induktiboak, erabilgarriak eta ejekutagarriak proposatzen dira orain.

Aquaculture research: technology transfer for rural development in Nigeria

Conventional aquaculture has been promoted in Nigeria for the past five decades with minimal impact on rural communities: from the findings of Maclearen (1949) where he popularized the use of culturable fish predators Lutjanus sp; Pomades sp; Tarpon adanticus; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus in earthen ponds near Onikan-Lagos, Nigeria; to the finding of Zwilling, 1963, who reported common carp, Cyprinus carpio propagation and culture in Panyan Fish Farm, near Jos; to the findings of FAO, 1965, when the potential culture of marine mullets culture in brackish water ponds in Buguma, Rivers State was presented. The work of other researchers Sivalingam, (1970; 1973), Ezenwa (1976), development officers and extension officers contributed to the development of aquaculture in few rural areas of the country and informed on public and private owned fish farm infrastructures. Despite a moderate long history of aquaculture research and development in Nigeria, an annual production level of 25,000 metric tons was recorded in 1999. This situation calls for a more sustainable approach for a stronger link between aquaculture research and technology transfer for the development of rural communities of Nigeria. This paper therefore examines some of the issues involved in the continuous flow of the new aquaculture technology in the improvement of fish protein output, standard of living of rural farmers and prevention of urban migration by the youth

Application of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques in the verification of fisheries data and trend on Lake Kainji

After several years of surveys on the Kainji Lake fisheries activities by the Nigerian German Kainji Lake Fish promotion Project (KLFPP) trends regarding catches, yield and other parameter begin to emerge. However, it became obvious that some of the data were not quite as accurate as they were believed to be. Looking at the different editions of the statistical bulletin of Kainji Lake, concerning one given fisheries parameter, sometimes it is possible to reveal inconsistencies and unexplained trends. As compared to the survey method, PRA is primarily for analysis of differences in local phenomenon and processes. Therefore, PRA was used as a complementary tool to enhance the knowledge on issues like fisher women, entrepreneurs, gear ownership structure, mode of operation by owners of large gear number, preference in the use of twine and nylon gill nets, and reasons for misinformation on the number of fishing equipment owned by entrepreneurs, which cannot be done with frame survey. PRA techniques like timeline, mapping, seasonal calendar, transect walk and key informant interviews were utilized in the study process

Envejecimiento, caserío y atención social: la familia asume el cuidado del mayor

[ES] La desestructuración familiar que en España ha supuesto un éxodo rural intensivo queda en evidencia varias décadas después, una vez que la población que decidió continuar residiendo en el medio rural ha envejecido. El anciano que habita en el medio rural carece a menudo del apoyo familiar necesario para hacer frente a las barreras físicas y sociales que la edad y el aislamiento le imponen mientras los servicios públicos no se adecúan a los caracteres propios de este medio. El habitante del caserío vasco, dada la proximidad del medio urbano, ha sufrido en menor medida las consecuencias del éxodo rural, manteniéndose más íntegra la red de apoyo familiar o, en todo caso, viéndose completada con la presencia del que acudió al medio urbano. Como consecuencia, es la familia la que asume el cuidado del mayor, cumpliendo éste su deseo de residir en casa hasta el final de su vida.

The role of extension in fisheries development among rural communities

It is a common knowledge that there exists a wide gap between domestic fish production and demand in Nigeria. Government recognizes this situation and has in recent years encouraged fish production through fishing inputs subsidies, DFRRI assisted fingerlings production among others. Despite these efforts, impact at the grassroots has been low. One of the major reasons for the failure could be attributable to inadequate involvement of rural communities in fish production. This missing link appears to be ignorance of local communities in harnessing this potential to stimulate fish production. There is therefore the need to educate the rural dwellers through effective extension services. Strategies to achieve the required awareness have been discussed

Linking public perceptions of socioeconmic change and marine resource management in rural Maine

Rural coastal regions across the United States are coping with dramatic social and environmental changes. Historically, these areas relied heavily on fishing and marine commerce and these economic activities defined the character of coastal communities. However, shifting ocean and climate conditions, together with inadequate management strategies, have led to sharp declines in harvestable marine resources. These trends, along with increasing competition from aquaculture and international sources of fish, have led to the steady decline of fishing as the central economic activity in many rural coastal communities. (PDF contains 3 pages)

Impact of Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB) loan to artisanal fishermen in Lake Kainji

This study was conducted to assess the impact of Nigerian Agricultural, Co-operative and Rural Development Bank Loan on beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries fishermen in Lake Kainji. A total of fifty fishermen (25 beneficiaries and 25 non-beneficiaries) were randomly selected from five fishing villages along the lake basin. Data collected were scored and the percentages of the parameters were calculated appropriately. The types of loans disbursed to beneficiaries revealed that 52% was cash and 48% was in kind. The credit package ranged between N5, 000 to N150, 000 only. Only 48% of the loans granted were paid while the rest remained unpaid. The results obtained from the membership of fishermen Cooperative showed that 64% of beneficiaries were members while 36% were non-members. Also 36% of non-beneficiaries were members while 64% were not. The Common fishing gears used by the two categories of fishermen include gillnets longline, castnet and driftnets. Sixty percent of beneficiaries and 8% of non-beneficiaries fishermen were using canoe with outboard engines while the rest used canoes with paddles. Beneficiaries earned a higher income (N1, 000 to N9, 000) daily than non-beneficiaries (N1, 000 to N6, 000) daily from sales of fish caught. Major contrainsts to increased catch and income identified include inadequate capital, non- availability of fishing inputs, stealing of fishing gears, lack of access to credit facilities and menace of stump and water hyacinth in the lake. Lastly, recommendation were made for the bank management, government and other lending institutions on how to improve the livelihood of the Artisanal fishermen by increasing the loan usually granted

Characterization of rural livelihood of Lake Chad basin fishermen

The study examined the characterization of rural livelihood of the fishermen in the Nigeria portion of Lake Chad Basin are as part of European Commission (EC) founded project entitled "Sustainable development of continental fisheries; a regional study of policy options and policy formation mechanisms for the Lake Chad Basin" Wealth ranking exercise which was not based on real income but on production capacity of the fishermen was carried out in twenty (20) villages survey on the western part of the region using Rapid Rural Appraisal Technique with semi- structured interviews. The different activities carried out by the villagers for living were identified according to their socio-economic status. This was followed by an assessment of the socio-economic characterization within each wealth group. Series of comparative analysis of the ethnic composition, accessibility of fishing gear ownership by the population were done. The results show that the 3 wealth groups in the region include the rich (Group 1) the middle class (Group 2) and the poor (Group 3). It was identified that fishing is just one component of the socio-economic production system along side farming, livestock rearing and trading which are closely integrated. The diversified livelihood system being practiced in the Chad Basin region are not only less vulnerable but also more sustainable

Poverty alleviation and rural development in Nigeria: a gender perspective

The paper examines the concept of the feminization of poverty and reviews the limited evidence on the extent of poverty among women. It then examines the arguments that poor women can be highly effective change agents for the eradication of poverty. However, all the women may be considered as instruments for eliminating poverty, lack of understanding an appreciation of the impact of their sex roles and of gender roles and stereotypes continue to prevent the realization of this potential. Therefore, the paper moves on to summarize the differences between sex and gender and examines how both women's sexes roles and the imp gender roles and stereotypes lead to the feminization of poverty and exclude women from the participation in development and programmes to eliminate poverty. The paper reviews the major approaches: women in development or WID, gender and development or GAD and extension of GAD known as mainstreaming. Finally, it considers the issue of poverty, women and gender in Nigeria. It also advances a number of recommendations on women and gender poverty and rural development for the consideration of policy-makers in Nigeria

Escultura, arquitectura y paisaje urbano

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas