Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1962

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, pursuant to the provisions of the Convention, has the duty of collecting and interpreting factual information to facilitate maintaining the populations of tunas, and of tuna baitfishes, supporting the fisheries pursued by nationals of its Member Governments in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, at levels which will permit maximum sustainable average harvests year after year. This requires a wide variety of research into the biology, life history, ecology and population dynamics of the several species, and investigations into the effects of both natural factors and fishing activity on their abundance and on the harvests they can sustain. The research is conducted by a permanent, internationally recruited scientific staff, employed directly by the Commission, selected on the basis of professional competence by the Director of Investigations. SPANISH: La Comisión Interan1ericana del Atún Tropical, de informidad con las disposiciones de la Convención, tiene el deber de recolectar e interpretar la información que facilite el mantenimiento de las poblaciones del atún y de los peces de carnada que sirven para la pesca de este, sosteniendo las pesquerías a que se dedican los habitantes de sus Gobiernos Miembros en el Océano Pacifico Oriental, a niveles ,de abundancia que permitan un promedio máximo sostenible de cosechas ano tras ano. Esto requiere una amplia variedad de investigaciones dentro de la biología, historia natural, ecología y dinámica de las poblaciones de diversas especies, y sabre los efectos, tanto de los factores naturales como de la actividad pesquera, en la abundancia de las mismas y en el rendimiento que puedan dar. La investigación es conducida por un grupo científico permanente, cuyos miembros son reclutados internacionalmente empleados directamente por la Comisión, una vez que han sido seleccionados sobre la base de su competencia profesional, por el Director de Investigaciones. (PDF contains 149 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1963

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was created by a Convention between the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The Convention came into force in 1950. One of the provisions of the Convention was that other governments whose nationals participate in the fisheries covered by the Convention could adhere if they so desired and if the existing members agreed. Under this arrangement, the Republic of Panama adhered to the COl1vention in 1953. The Republic of Ecuador adhered in 1961. The Senate of the Republic of Mexico approved adherence in 1963; and the Republic of Colombia has indicated her desire to adhere. Full members during 1963 were Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and the United States. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical fue creada en virtud de una Convención entre la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención entró en vigencia en 1950. Una de las estipulaciones de la Convención, permite a los gobiernos de otros países cuyos habitantes participen en las pesquerías a que dicha Convención se refiere, adherirse a ella si así lo desean y si los Gobiernos Miembros están de acuerdo. Acogiéndose a esa estipulación, la República de Panamá se adhirió a la Convención en 1953. La República del Ecuador se adhirió en 1961. El Senado de la República de México aprobó la adhesión en 1963; y la República de Colombia ha manifestado su deseo de adherirse. Durante el año de 1963 han sido miembros Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panamá y los Estados Unidos. (PDF contains 89 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1961

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a Convention, originally negotiated between the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America, which entered into force in 1950. The Convention is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals participate in the fisheries covered by the Convention. The Republic of Panama adhered to the Convention in 1953. The Republic of Ecuador adhered during 1961. The Republic of Colombia has indicated her desire to adhere, and is expected to do so early in 1962. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical funciona bajo la autoridad y dirección de una Convención originalmente negociada entre la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América, que entró en vigencia en 1950. A esta Convención pueden adherirse los gobiernos de otros países cuyos nacionales participen en las pesquerías cubiertas por la Convención. La República de Panamá se adhirió en 1953, y la República del Ecuador durante 1961. La República de Colombia ha indicado su deseo de adherirse también y se espera que lo haga a principios de 1962. (PDF contains 171 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1964

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a Convention originally negotiated between the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America, which entered into force in 1950. The Convention is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals participate in the fisheries covered by the Convention. Under this provision, the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961 and the United Mexican States in 1964. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical funciona bajo la autoridad y dirección de una Convención negociada originalmente entre la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América, la cuál entró en vigencia en 1950. La Convención está abierta a la adhesión de los gobiernos de otros países cuyos ciudadanos participan en las pesquerías objeto de la Convención. Acogiéndose a esta cláusula, la República de Panamá se adhirió a la Convención en 1953, la República de Ecuador en 1961 y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964. (PDF contains 98 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1965

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission has been assigned the task, under the Convention which created it, of gathering and interpreting factual information to facilitate the maintenance of tunas and tuna-baitfishes of the eastern Pacific Ocean at levels of abundance which will permit maximum sustained catches. SPANISH: Se le ha asignado a la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical bajo la Convención que la formó, la tarea de recoger e interpretar la información científica para facilitar el mantenimiento de los atunes y de los peces de carnada en el Océano Pacífico oriental, a niveles de abundancia que permitan un sostenimiento máximo de capturas. (PDF contains 106 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1966

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a Convention originally entered into by the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The Convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals participate in the fisheries covered by the Convention. Under this provision the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961, and the United Mexican States in 1964. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical funciona bajo la autoridad y dirección de una Convención formada originalmente entre la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención entró en vigencia en 1950, está abierta a la adhesión de otros gobiernos cuyos ciudadanos participen en las pesquerías objeto de la Convención. Bajo esta cláusula, la República de Panamá se adhirió en 1953, la República del Ecuador en 1961 y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964. (PDF contains 138 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1967

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission was created and operates under the authority of a Convention first negotiated between the governments of the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The Convention entered into force in 1950. It is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish for tunas in the eastern Pacific area. Under this provision, Panama adhered in 1953, Ecuador in 1961, the United Mexican States in 1964. Canada applied for membership in 1967. Her membership will become effective on April 1, 1968. On August 21, 1967 the Ecuadorian government, for financial reasons, elected to withdraw from active membership. Under Convention ruling, this means that she remains a full member until August 21, 1968. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical fue originada y está bajo la autoridad de una Convención que fue negociada inicialmente entre los gobiernos de la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención entró en vigencia en 1950. Está abierta a la afiliación de otros gobiernos cuyos ciudadanos pescan atunes en el área del Pacífico oriental. Bajo esta estipulación, Panamá se afilió en 1953, Ecuador en 1961 y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964. Canadá presentó su ap1licación en 1967. Su afiliación será efectiva el 1 de abril de 1968. El 21 de agosto de 1967, el gobierno ecuatoriano por razones financieras decidió retirar su participación activa. Bajo las reglas de la Convención el Ecuador sigue actuando como miembro hasta el 21 de agosto de 1968. (PDF contains 144 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1968

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a Convention originally entered into by the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The Convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish in the eastern tropical Pacific. Under this provision the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961, the United Mexican States in 1964 and Canada in 1968. In 1967 Ecuador gave notice of her intent to withdraw from the Commission and her withdrawal became effective on August 21, 1968. SPANISH:La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical está bajo la autoridad y dirección de una Convención la cual fue originalmente formada por la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención, vigente desde 1950, está abierta a la afiliación de otros gobiernos cuyos nacionales pesquen en. el Pacífico oriental tropical. Bajo esta medida la República de Panamá se afilió en 1953, la. República del Ecuador en 1961, los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964 y' el Canadá en 19Ei8. En 1967, el Ecuador anunció su intención de retirarse de la Comisión y la resignación se hizo efectiva el 21 de agosto de 1968. (PDF contains 128 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1969

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a convention originally entered into by the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish for tropical tunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Under this provision the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961, the United Mexican States in 1964 and Canada in 1968. In 1967, Ecuador gave notice of her intent to withdraw from the Commission, and her withdrawal became effective on August 21, 1968. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical está bajo la autoridad y dirección de una convención la cual fue originalmente formada por la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención, vigente desde 1950, está abierta a la afiliación de otros gobiernos cuyos nacionales pesquen túnidos en el Pacifico oriental tropical. Bajo esta medida la República de Panamá se afilió en 1953, la República del Ecuador en 1961, los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964, y Canadá en 1968. En 1967, el Ecuador anunció su intención de retirarse de la Comisión y la renuncia se hizo efectiva el 21 de agosto de 1968. (PDF contains 117 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1970

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a convention originally entered into by the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish for tropical tunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Under this provision the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961, the United Mexican States in 1964, Canada in 1968 and Japan in 1970. In 1967, Ecuador gave notice of her intent to withdraw from the Commission, and her withdrawal became effective on August 21, 1968. SPANISH:La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical está bajo la autoridad y dirección de una convención la cual fue originalmente formada por la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención, vigente desde 1950, está abierta a la afiliación de otros gobiernos cuyos nacionales pesquen atún en el Pacífico oriental tropical. Bajo esta medida la República de Panamá se afilió en 1953, la República del Ecuador en 1961, los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964, Canadá en 1968 y el Japón en 1970. En 1967, el Ecuador anunció su intención de retirarse de la Comisión y la renuncia se hizo efectiva el 21 de agosto de 1968. (PDF contains 128 pages.)

Report of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission for the year 1971

ENGLISH: The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission operates under the authority and direction of a convention originally entered into by the Republic of Costa Rica and the United States of America. The convention, which came into force in 1950, is open to adherence by other governments whose nationals fish for tropical tunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Under this provision the Republic of Panama adhered in 1953, the Republic of Ecuador in 1961, the United Mexican States in 1964, Canada in 1968 and Japan in 1970. In 1967, Ecuador gave notice of her intent to withdraw from the Commission, and her withdrawal became effective on August 21,1968. SPANISH: La Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical está bajo la autoridad y dirección de una convención la cual fue originalmente formada por la República de Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos de América. La Convención, vigente desde 1950, está abierta a la afiliación de otros gobiernos cuyos nacionales pesquen atún en el Pacífico oriental tropical. Bajo esta medida la República de Panamá se afilió en 1953, la República del Ecuador en 1961, los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en 1964, Canadá en 1968 y el Japón en 1970. En 1967, el Ecuador anunció su intención de retirarse de la Comisión y la renuncia se hizo efectiva el 21 de agosto de 1968. (PDF contains 127 pages.)

Dating and characterizing late holocene earthquakes using paleomagnetics

In this thesis I apply paleomagnetic techniques to paleoseismological problems. I investigate the use of secular-variation magnetostratigraphy to date prehistoric earthquakes; I identify liquefaction remanent magnetization (LRM), and I quantify coseismic deformation within a fault zone by measuring the rotation of paleomagnetic vectors.

In Chapter 2 I construct a secular-variation reference curve for southern California. For this curve I measure three new well-constrained paleomagnetic directions: two from the Pallett Creek paleoseismological site at A.D. 1397-1480 and A.D. 1465-1495, and one from Panum Crater at A.D. 1325-1365. To these three directions I add the best nine data points from the Sternberg secular-variation curve, five data points from Champion, and one point from the A.D. 1480 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. I derive the error due to the non-dipole field that is added to these data by the geographical correction to southern California. Combining these yields a secular variation curve for southern California covering the period A.D. 670 to 1910, with the best coverage in the range A.D. 1064 to 1505.

In Chapter 3 I apply this curve to a problem in southern California. Two paleoseismological sites in the Salton trough of southern California have sediments deposited by prehistoric Lake Cahuilla. At the Salt Creek site I sampled sediments from three different lakes, and at the Indio site I sampled sediments from four different lakes. Based upon the coinciding paleomagnetic directions I correlate the oldest lake sampled at Salt Creek with the oldest lake sampled at Indio. Furthermore, the penultimate lake at Indio does not appear to be present at Salt Creek. Using the secular variation curve I can assign the lakes at Salt Creek to broad age ranges of A.D. 800 to 1100, A.D. 1100 to 1300, and A.D. 1300 to 1500. This example demonstrates the large uncertainties in the secular variation curve and the need to construct curves from a limited geographical area.

Chapter 4 demonstrates that seismically induced liquefaction can cause resetting of detrital remanent magnetization and acquisition of a liquefaction remanent magnetization (LRM). I sampled three different liquefaction features, a sandbody formed in the Elsinore fault zone, diapirs from sediments of Mono Lake, and a sandblow in these same sediments. In every case the liquefaction features showed stable magnetization despite substantial physical disruption. In addition, in the case of the sandblow and the sandbody, the intensity of the natural remanent magnetization increased by up to an order of magnitude.

In Chapter 5 I apply paleomagnetics to measuring the tectonic rotations in a 52 meter long transect across the San Andreas fault zone at the Pallett Creek paleoseismological site. This site has presented a significant problem because the brittle long-term average slip-rate across the fault is significantly less than the slip-rate from other nearby sites. I find sections adjacent to the fault with tectonic rotations of up to 30°. If interpreted as block rotations, the non-brittle offset was 14.0+2.8, -2.1 meters in the last three earthquakes and 8.5+1.0, -0.9 meters in the last two. Combined with the brittle offset in these events, the last three events all had about 6 meters of total fault offset, even though the intervals between them were markedly different.

In Appendix 1 I present a detailed description of my standard sampling and demagnetization procedure.

In Appendix 2 I present a detailed discussion of the study at Panum Crater that yielded the well-constrained paleomagnetic direction for use in developing secular variation curve in Chapter 2. In addition, from sampling two distinctly different clast types in a block-and-ash flow deposit from Panum Crater, I find that this flow had a complex emplacement and cooling history. Angular, glassy "lithic" blocks were emplaced at temperatures above 600° C. Some of these had cooled nearly completely, whereas others had cooled only to 450° C, when settling in the flow rotated the blocks slightly. The partially cooled blocks then finished cooling without further settling. Highly vesicular, breadcrusted pumiceous clasts had not yet cooled to 600° C at the time of these rotations, because they show a stable, well clustered, unidirectional magnetic vector.

Inter-stage line ratio of He- and Li-like Ti emissions for the electron temperature measurement

Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like Is(2)2p(P-2(3/2))-> 1s(2)2s -> ((2) S-1/2) and He-like 1s2p (P-1(1))-> 1s(2) (S-1(0)) transitions for Ti in the electronic temperature ranges from 0.1 keV to 20 keV. The results show that the. temperature sensitivities are higher at the electronic temperature less than 5000 eV and the temperature sensitivities will decrease with the increase of electronic temperature.