Conducta simbolica en la rata blanca: Simulación del aprendizaje de palabras

Partiendo de un principio de continuidad evolutiva en los mecanismos y estructura de la función simbólica en el reino animal, se implanta el equivalente funcional de una palabra (Tact) en la rata blanca. Siguiendo a la mayor parte de los trabajos de implantación de lenguaje artificial en animales, se utilizan las técnicas de condicionamientc operante con una primera fase de aprendizaje, para dejar al sujeto una libre utilización de la relación funcional simbólica en la segunda fase (inversión).

Animal Toxins: How is Complexity Represented in Databases?

Peptide toxins synthesized by venomous animals have been extensively studied in the last decades. To be useful to the scientific community, this knowledge has been stored, annotated and made easy to retrieve by several databases. The aim of this article is to present what type of information users can access from each database. ArachnoServer and ConoServer focus on spider toxins and cone snail toxins, respectively. UniProtKB, a generalist protein knowledgebase, has an animal toxin-dedicated annotation program that includes toxins from all venomous animals. Finally, the ATDB metadatabase compiles data and annotations from other databases and provides toxin ontology.

Iowa Animal Industry News, 2012, Vol. 14, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa.Previously titled Animal Industry News.

Effect of refuge supplement on Audouin's gull chick survival

One of the main threats to Audouin´s gull (Larus audouinii) at Chafarinas Islands is predation on eggs and chicks by the yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans). During the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons we tested the effects of supplementary refuge availability on chick survival. Well before the laying period, nine adjacent enclosures were erected inside Audouin´s gull´s breeding grounds and some of them were supplied with artificial refuges. Our results showed significantly greater chick survival in the enclosures with artificial refuges than in control ones. In 2000, an overall lower breeding success of Audouin´s gull and a dilution of the refuge effect were observed. These results were probably related to food-shortage that year. We suggest that, along with other factors, an increase in refuge availability may significantly enhance Audouin´s gull chick survival.

Iowa Animal Industry News, January 7, 2011, Vol. 11, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa. Previously titled Animal Industry News.

Iowa Animal Industry News, January 20, 2011, Vol. 11, no. 2

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa. Previously titled Animal Industry News.

Iowa Animal Industry News, March 4, 2011, Vol. 11, no. 4

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa. Previously titled Animal Industry News.

Iowa Animal Industry News, February 4, 2011, Vol. 11, no. 3

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa. Previously titled Animal Industry News. Previously titled Animal Industry News.

Seed-specific silencing of OsMRP5 reduces seed phytic acid and weight in rice.

Phytic acid (PA) is poorly digested by humans and monogastric animals and negatively affects human/animal nutrition and the environment. Rice mutants with reduced PA content have been developed but are often associated with reduced seed weight and viability, lacking breeding value. In the present study, a new approach was explored to reduce seed PA while attaining competitive yield. The OsMRP5 gene, of which mutations are known to reduce seed PA as well as seed yield and viability, was down-regulated specifically in rice seeds by using an artificial microRNA driven by the rice seed specific promoter Ole18. Seed PA contents were reduced by 35.8-71.9% in brown rice grains of transgenic plants compared to their respective null plants (non-transgenic plants derived from the same event). No consistent significant differences of plant height or number of tillers per plant were observed, but significantly lower seed weights (up to 17.8% reduction) were detected in all transgenic lines compared to null plants, accompanied by reductions of seed germination and seedling emergence. It was observed that the silencing of the OsMRP5 gene increased the inorganic P (Pi) levels (up to 7.5 times) in amounts more than the reduction of PA-P in brown rice. This indicates a reduction in P content in other cellular compounds, such as lipids and nucleic acids, which may affect overall seed development. Put together, the present study demonstrated that seed specific silencing of OsMRP5 could significantly reduce the PA content and increase Pi levels in seeds; however, it also significantly lowers seed weight in rice. Discussions were made regarding future directions towards producing agronomically competitive and nutritionally valuable low PA rice.

Iowa Animal Industry News, 2013, Vol. 14, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa. Previously titled Animal Industry News.

INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: SISTEMAS ESPECIALISTAS NO GERENCIAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO

O principal objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo para sistemas de gerenciamento da informação baseado em técnicas de inteligência artificial. O modelo propõe uma arquitetura de sistema especialista para gerenciamento da informação, sugerindo a utilização de um analisador semântico embutido na interface do usuário final. A abordagem enfatiza a dificuldade em se obter informações com precisão e qualidade, para apoiar tomadores de decisões, e a necessidade de prover os usuários finais com mecanismos, poderosos, capazes de analisar, selecionar e direcionar-lhes informações, de acordo com as necessidades e urgências de cada um