Similarity or Variation? Employee Representation and Consultation Approaches Amongst Liberal Market Economy Multinationals

This paper engages with the varieties of capitalism literature to investigate the employee representation and consultation approaches of liberal market economy multinational companies (MNCs), specifically Australian, British and US MNCs operating in Australia. While the literature would suggest commonality amongst these MNCs, the paper considers whether the evidence points to similarity or variation amongst liberal market headquartered MNCs. The findings contribute to filling a recognized empirical gap on MNC employment relations practice in Australia and to a better understanding of within category varieties of capitalism similarity and variation. Drawing on survey data from MNCs operating in Australia, the results demonstrated that UK-owned MNCs were the least likely to report collective structures of employee representation. Moreover, it was found that Australian MNCs were the most likely to engage in collective forms of employee representation and made less use of direct consultative mechanisms relative to their British and US counterparts. In spite of the concerted individualization of the employment relations domain over previous decades, Australian MNCs appear to have upheld more long-standing national institutional arrangements with respect to engaging with employees on a collective basis. This varies from British and US MNC approaches which denotes that our results display within category deviation in the variety of capitalism liberal market economy typology. Just as Hall and Soskice described their seminal work on liberal market economy (LME) and coordinated market economy (CME) categories as a “work-in-progress” (2001: 2), we too suggest that Australia’s evolution in the LME category, and more specifically its industrial relations system development, and the consequences for employment relations practices of its domestic MNCs, may be a work-in-progress.

Approaches through Materiality

Religion is a funny thing, because it always seems to be riding two horses at once. One could describe these horses in a number of different ways, using all sorts of familiar dichotomies; practice and belief, body and soul, earthly and heavenly, here and hereafter. “Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses”. Here, food and forgiveness, or, perhaps more accurately, ingestion and salvation, are claimed, simultaneously – even seamlessly – by religion. This list could (and does) go on, being inclusive of, for example, immanence and transcendence – but more on this below. Yet these binary pairs can clearly be observed bleeding into one another. Ingesting pork, for example, often appears to be religiously more troublesome than does ingesting bread. This is because matter matters. We may ask, then, is religion really riding two horses, or are these ‘familiar dichotomies’ so familiar because they are false? Rephrasing the question in terms that partially echo the title and subtitle of Morgan’s (2010) landmark edited volume Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief, is, I think, helpfully clarifying. What, then, is the matter with religion? The answer presented below is that, very often, the matter with religion is the matter of religion. Put more simply still, the problem with religion is its materiality. This chapter examines the whys and wherefores of this problem for the anthropology of religion – its ethnographic puzzles and methodological opportunities, as well as its conceptual impasses and theoretical insights.

Real-space grids and the Octopus code as tools for the development of new simulation approaches for electronic systems

Real-space grids are a powerful alternative for the simulation of electronic systems. One of the main advantages of the approach is the flexibility and simplicity of working directly in real space where the different fields are discretized on a grid, combined with competitive numerical performance and great potential for parallelization. These properties constitute a great advantage at the time of implementing and testing new physical models. Based on our experience with the Octopus code, in this article we discuss how the real-space approach has allowed for the recent development of new ideas for the simulation of electronic systems. Among these applications are approaches to calculate response properties, modeling of photoemission, optimal control of quantum systems, simulation of plasmonic systems, and the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for low-dimensionality systems.

A comparison of gold nanoparticle surface co-functionalization approaches using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and the effect on stability, non-specific protein adsorption and internalization

To create clinically useful gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based cancer therapeutics it is necessary to co-functionalize the AuNP surface with a range of moieties; e.g. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), peptides and drugs. AuNPs can be functionalized by creating either a mixed monolayer by attaching all the moieties directly to the surface using thiol chemistry, or by binding groups to the surface by means of a bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. The linker methodology has the potential to enhance bioavailability and the amount of functional agent that can be attached. While there is a large body of published work using both surface arrangements independently, the impact of attachment methodology on stability, non-specific protein adsorption and cellular uptake is not well understood, with no published studies directly comparing the two most frequently employed approaches. This paper compares the two methodologies by synthesizing and characterizing PEG and Receptor Mediated Endocytosis (RME) peptide co-functionalized AuNPs prepared using both the mixed monolayer and linker approaches. Successful attachment of both PEG and RME peptide using the two methods was confirmed using Dynamic Light Scattering, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. It was observed that while the 'as synthesized' citrate capped AuNPs agglomerated under physiological salt conditions, all the mixed monolayer and PEG linker capped samples remained stable at 1M NaCl, and were stable in PBS over extended periods. While it was noted that both functionalization methods inhibited non-specific protein attachment, the mixed monolayer samples did show some changes in gel electrophoresis migration profile after incubation with fetal calf serum. PEG renders the AuNP stable in-vivo however, studies with MDA-MB-231 and MCF 10A cell lines indicated that functionalization with PEG, blocks cellular uptake. It was observed that co-functionalization with RME peptide using both the mixed monolayer and PEG linker methods greatly enhanced cellular internalization compared to PEG capped AuNPs.

Can Future Managers and Business Executives be Influenced to Behave more Ethically in the Workplace? The Impact of Approaches to Learning on Business Students’ Cheating Behavior

This study considers the potential for influencing business students to become ethical managers by directing their undergraduate learning environment. In particular, the relationship between business students’ academic cheating, as a predictor of workplace ethical behavior, and their approaches to learning is explored. The three approaches to learning identified from the students’ approaches to learning literature are deep approach, represented by an intrinsic interest in and a desire to understand the subject, surface approach, characterized by rote learning and memorization without understanding, and strategic approach, associated with competitive students whose motivation is the achievement of good grades by adopting either a surface or deep approach. Consistent with the hypothesized theoretical model, structural equation modeling revealed that the surface approach is associated with higher levels of cheating, while the deep approach is related to lower levels. The strategic approach was also associated with less cheating and had a statistically stronger influence than the deep approach. Further, a significantly positive relationship reported between deep and strategic approaches suggests that cheating is reduced when deep and strategic approaches are paired. These findings suggest that future managers and business executives can be influenced to behave more ethically in the workplace by directing their learning approaches. It is hoped that the evidence presented may encourage those involved in the design of business programs to implement educational strategies which optimize students’ approaches to learning towards deep and strategic characteristics, thereby equipping tomorrow’s managers and business executives with skills to recognize and respond appropriately to workplace ethical dilemmas.

Location-routing problems of semi-obnoxious facilities: approaches and decision support

A presente tese resulta de um trabalho de investigação cujo objectivo se centrou no problema de localização-distribuição (PLD) que pretende abordar, de forma integrada, duas actividades logísticas intimamente relacionadas: a localização de equipamentos e a distribuição de produtos. O PLD, nomeadamente a sua modelação matemática, tem sido estudado na literatura, dando origem a diversas aproximações que resultam de diferentes cenários reais. Importa portanto agrupar as diferentes variantes por forma a facilitar e potenciar a sua investigação. Após fazer uma revisão e propor uma taxonomia dos modelos de localização-distribuição, este trabalho foca-se na resolução de alguns modelos considerados como mais representativos. É feita assim a análise de dois dos PLDs mais básicos (os problema capacitados com procura nos nós e nos arcos), sendo apresentadas, para ambos, propostas de resolução. Posteriormente, é abordada a localização-distribuição de serviços semiobnóxios. Este tipo de serviços, ainda que seja necessário e indispensável para o público em geral, dada a sua natureza, exerce um efeito desagradável sobre as comunidades contíguas. Assim, aos critérios tipicamente utilizados na tomada de decisão sobre a localização destes serviços (habitualmente a minimização de custo) é necessário adicionar preocupações que reflectem a manutenção da qualidade de vida das regiões que sofrem o impacto do resultado da referida decisão. A abordagem da localização-distribuição de serviços semiobnóxios requer portanto uma análise multi-objectivo. Esta análise pode ser feita com recurso a dois métodos distintos: não interactivos e interactivos. Ambos são abordados nesta tese, com novas propostas, sendo o método interactivo proposto aplicável a outros problemas de programação inteira mista multi-objectivo. Por último, é desenvolvida uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão para os problemas abordados nesta tese, sendo apresentada a metodologia adoptada e as suas principais funcionalidades. A ferramenta desenvolvida tem grandes preocupações com a interface de utilizador, visto ser direccionada para decisores que tipicamente não têm conhecimentos sobre os modelos matemáticos subjacentes a este tipo de problemas.

Economical and operational optimization of CALB immobilization on MP1000 for amidation of olein fatty acids with ethanolamine

Dissertação de Mestrado , Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Engenharia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

New approaches to antimalarial chemotherapy: design and synthesis of bicyclic endoperoxides and of peptide and peptidomimetic carbonyl containing cysteine protease inhibitors

Tese dout., Química Orgânica, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Comparison of alternative approaches to neural network PID autotuning

In this paper, a scheme for the automatic tuning of PID controllers on-line, with the assistance of trained neural networks, is proposed. The alternative approaches are presented and compared.

Training multilayer perceptrons for control systems applications - a comparison of different approaches

Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) (1) are the most common artificial neural networks employed in a large field of applications. In control and signal processing applications, MLPs are mainly used as nonlinear mapping approximators. The most common training algorithm used with MLPs is the error back-propagation (BP) alg. (1).

Compte rendu: Johann Wolfgang Unger (2013), The Discursive Construction of the Scots Language : Education, Politics and Everyday Life, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, coll. « Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 51 », 178 p. [ISBN : 978-9-027-20642-8]

Résumé non disponible

Development of new approaches for the synthesis and decoding of one-bead one-compound cyclic peptide libraries

La plupart des processus cellulaires et biologiques reposent, à un certain niveau, sur des interactions protéine-protéine (IPP). Leur manipulation avec des composés chimiques démontre un grand potentiel pour la découverte de nouveaux médicaments. Malgré la demande toujours croissante en molécules capables d’interrompre sélectivement des IPP, le développement d’inhibiteurs d’IPP est fortement limité par la grande taille de la surface d’interaction. En considérant la nature de cette surface, la capacité à mimer des structures secondaires de protéines est très importante pour lier une protéine et inhiber une IPP. Avec leurs grandes capacités peptidomimétiques et leurs propriétés pharmacologiques intéressan-tes, les peptides cycliques sont des prototypes moléculaires de choix pour découvrir des ligands de protéines et développer de nouveaux inhibiteurs d’IPP. Afin d’exploiter pleinement la grande diversité accessible avec les peptides cycliques, l’approche combinatoire «one-bead-one-compound» (OBOC) est l’approche la plus accessible et puissante. Cependant, l’utilisation des peptides cycliques dans les chimiothèques OBOC est limitée par les difficultés à séquencer les composés actifs après le criblage. Sans amine libre en N-terminal, la dégradation d’Edman et la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MS/MS) ne peuvent pas être utilisées. À cet égard, nous avons développé de nouvelles approches par ouverture de cycle pour préparer et décoder des chimiothèques OBOC de peptides cycliques. Notre stratégie était d’introduire un résidu sensible dans le macrocycle et comme ancrage pour permettre la linéarisation des peptides et leur largage des billes pour le séquençage par MS/MS. Tout d’abord, des résidus sensibles aux nucléophiles, aux ultraviolets ou au bromure de cyanogène ont été introduits dans un peptide cyclique et leurs rendements de clivage évalués. Ensuite, les résidus les plus prometteurs ont été utilisés dans la conception et le développement d’approches en tandem ouverture de cycle / clivage pour le décodage de chimiothèques OBOC de peptides cycliques. Dans la première approche, une méthionine a été introduite dans le macrocycle comme ancrage pour simultanément permettre l’ouverture du cycle et le clivage des billes par traitement au bromure de cyanogène. Dans la seconde approche, un résidu photosensible a été utilisé dans le macrocycle comme ancrage pour permettre l’ouverture du cycle et le clivage suite à une irradiation aux ultraviolets. Le peptide linéaire généré par ces approches peut alors être efficacement séquencé par MS/MS. Enfin, une chimiothèque OBOC a été préparée et criblée la protéine HIV-1 Nef pour identifier des ligands sélectifs. Le développement de ces méthodologies permttra l’utilisation de composés macrocycliques dans les chimiothèques OBOC et constitue une contribution importante en chimie médicinale pour la découverte de ligands de protéines et le développement d’inhibiteurs d’IPP.

New approaches for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection:relevance for clinical practice and cancer prevention

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014