On the identity of the type species of the genus Telema (Araneae, Telemidae)

Telema tenella Simon, 1882, the type species of genus Telema, is the only species of family Telemidae reported from Europe and all other 39 congeners occur far from it. However, it has never been properly described. In this paper T. tenella is redescribed and illustrated.

Molecular phylogenetics and temporal diversification in the genus Aeromonas based on the sequences of five housekeeping genes

Several approaches have been developed to estimate both the relative and absolute rates of speciation and extinction within clades based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of evolutionary relationships, according to an underlying model of diversification. However, the macroevolutionary models established for eukaryotes have scarcely been used with prokaryotes. We have investigated the rate and pattern of cladogenesis in the genus Aeromonas (γ-Proteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteria) using the sequences of five housekeeping genes and an uncorrelated relaxed-clock approach. To our knowledge, until now this analysis has never been applied to all the species described in a bacterial genus and thus opens up the possibility of establishing models of speciation from sequence data commonly used in phylogenetic studies of prokaryotes. Our results suggest that the genus Aeromonas began to diverge between 248 and 266 million years ago, exhibiting a constant divergence rate through the Phanerozoic, which could be described as a pure birth process.

Absence of complementary sex determination in the parasitoid wasp genus Asobara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

An attractive way to improve our understanding of sex determination evolution is to study the underlying mechanisms in closely related species and in a phylogenetic perspective. Hymenopterans are well suited owing to the diverse sex determination mechanisms, including different types of Complementary Sex Determination (CSD) and maternal control sex determination. We investigated different types of CSD in four species within the braconid wasp genus Asobara that exhibit diverse life-history traits. Nine to thirteen generations of inbreeding were monitored for diploid male production, brood size, offspring sex ratio, and pupal mortality as indicators for CSD. In addition, simulation models were developed to compare these observations to predicted patterns for multilocus CSD with up to ten loci. The inbreeding regime did not result in diploid male production, decreased brood sizes, substantially increased offspring sex ratios nor in increased pupal mortality. The simulations further allowed us to reject CSD with up to ten loci, which is a strong refutation of the multilocus CSD model. We discuss how the absence of CSD can be reconciled with the variation in life-history traits among Asobara species, and the ramifications for the phylogenetic distribution of sex determination mechanisms in the Hymenoptera.

Estudi de noves estratègies encapsuladores d’antimalàrics i distribució de nanovectors polimèrics en Anopheles atroparvus

En aquest treball s’ha estudiat el comportament de compostos antimalàrics com els fàrmacs i els polímers en diferents situacions. Una de les barreres que ha estat identificada com a principal obstacle per a una millora de l’eficàcia dels compostos antimalàrics, és la limitació en la quantitat de fàrmac que pot ser encapsulada dins un liposoma, i que depèn de la seva solubilitat en medi aquós. Amb la inspiració de la descripció d’un nou tipus de nanocàpsules amb aplicacions oncològiques capaces d’encapsular grans quantitats de fàrmacs (protocells, Ashley et al., 2011). Els constructes formats per liposomes amb un nucli d’òxid de silici altament porós capaç de contenir el fàrmac, s’anomenen “protocells”, que en comparació als liposomes, tenen una major selectivitat i estabilitat, i permeten alliberar altes concentracions de droga directament al citosol de les cèl·lules cancerígenes. Aquest estudi es basa en la fabricació d’aquests nous nanovectors que continguin fàrmacs antimalàrics i té com a objectiu futur dirigir-los a eritròcits infectats per malària (pRBCs). Una altra part del treball és l’estudi de la distribució del polímer ISA-FITC en Anopheles atroparvus. Sabent que els polímers han estat utilitzats com a transportadors antimalàrics, es va pensar en l’opció d’eliminar el paràsit a dins del mateix mosquit, com una alternativa a tots el estudis realitzats fins ara centrats en les etapes d’infecció de l’hoste. Per aquest motiu es va idear l’experiment pensant en aquest polímer amb la intenció final de veure la seva localització en un mosquit Anopheles lliure del paràsit. OBJECTIUS: Determinació de la capacitat encapsuladora de tres tipus de nanopartícules, fabricades amb el mateix material però amb característiques de mida i càrrega diferents, incubant-les amb cinc fàrmacs antimalàrics. El blau de metilè, la primaquina, la cloroquina, la quinina i la curcumina, cadascun d’ells amb característiques de pH, solubilitat i estructura diferents. Alguns d’ells són fàrmacs que no s’han emprat en altres estudis degut a la seva toxicitat o elevada inespecificitat (la qual es pretén reduir un cop encapsulats en protocells). Construcció de “protocells” un cop determinada la millor nanopartícula encapsuladora i fàrmac candidat i determinació de la concentració de fàrmac que podien contenir, i el ritme d’alliberament d’aquest en PBS (simulant les condicions fisiològiques dels pRBCs). Estudi de la localització del polímer antimalàric ISA-FITC en l’anatomia del mosquit Anopheles Atroparvus. PROCEDIMENTS: Mètodes espectrofotomètrics Microscopia Cryo-electrònica de transmissió Microscopia confocal de fluorescència

Distribution, Abundance and Molecular Analysis of Genus Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Tropical, High Altitude Andean Streams and Rivers

The distribution of the genus Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch (Diptera: Chironomidae), previously reported from Chile to Bolivia, has extended northwards. Larvae, pupae and pupal exuviae of this genus have been found in the high mountain tropical streams of Peru to 9°22′56″, but are restricted to very high altitude streams (altitudes over 3,278 m asl) compared to the lower altitude streams (below 1,100 m asl) in which the genus is reported in Chile and Argentina. Based on morphological studies, both described species in the genus, Barbadocladius andinus Cranston & Krosch and Barbadocladius limay Cranston & Krosch, have been found in Peru as pupae or pupal exuviae. Morphological analysis of the larvae and pupae revealed no differences between the two described species from Patagonia and Peru, which are of similar size and with a similar armament of hooklets and spines in pupal tergites and sternites. However, molecular analysis of larvae and pupae revealed that in Peru, there are at least two different evolutionary lines, one distributed widely and another restricted to one site. Phylogenetic analysis (using cox1 mitochondrial sequences) of all available sequences of Barbadocladius shows that the Chilean and Argentinean material differs from that of Peru. Therefore, a total of four molecular segregates are identified, although morphologically, neither larvae nor the pupae may be differentiated.

Dynamics of integrable birational maps preserving genus 0 foliations

Pòster presentat al congrés NPDDS2014

The morphology and reproductive structures of Mediterranean species of the genus Nemastoma J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomataceae, Nemastomatales): Nemastoma dichotomum and N. dumontioides

The morphology and reproductive structures of Mediterranean species of the genus Nemastoma J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomataceae, Nemastomatales): Nemastoma dichotomum and N. dumontioides

Geographical Distribution, Habitat and Reproductive Phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Geographical distribution, habitat and reproductive phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Animadversiones subitaneae circa satyricum scribendi genus

Invocatio: Q.B.V.

The genus Elasmopus on the coast of Brazil with description of Elasmopus besnardi n. sp., and E. fusimanus n. sp. (Crustacea, amphipoda)

Neste trabalho apresentamos os anfípodos do gênero Elasmopus, que são representados na coleção da Estação de Hidrobiologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, e entre eles temos a honra de dedicar uma espécie ao Prof. W. Besnard. Assim este trabalho representa, de certo modo, uma contribuição aos resultados da Expedição do navio 'Baependi', realizada em 1950, à Ilha da Trindade.

Analysis of metabolites from plants of the Swartzia genus using chemical indexes: evolutionary tendencies

The chemical indexes, suggested by Gottlieb et al., have not been used before regarding evolutionary tendency of species in the Swartzia genus. However, the importance of this work encouraged for an analysis of the Swartzia genus using the metabolites isolated from nine species. The analysis, based on calculated chemical indexes, provided an evolutionary tendency for these plants, which correlates with the classification based on morphological analysis.

Numerical evaluation of the modulus of longitudinal elasticity in structural round timber elements of the Eucalyptus genus

Currently, the standards that deal with the determination of the properties of rigidity and strength for structural round timber elements do not take in consideration in their calculations and mathematical models the influence of the existing irregularities in the geometry of these elements. This study has as objective to determine the effective value of the modulus of longitudinal elasticity for structural round timber pieces of the Eucalyptus citriodora genus by a technique of optimization allied to the Inverse Analysis Method, to the Finite Element Method and the Least Square Method.

Genus och folklore

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

The role of ear mites of the genus Raillietia (Acari: Raillietiidae) in otitis of domestic ruminants

This paper presents a hypothesis on the involvement of species of the genus Raillietia Trouessart in the pathology of parasitic otitis in domestic ruminants. The chelicerae and claws of the tarsi are structures that contribute significantly towards producing primary lesions. The movable digits of the chelicerae accidentally injure the epithelium that lines the ear canal, while the claws of the tarsi perforate the epithelium, allowing the mites to affix themselves while feeding. The lesions in the epithelium caused by the chelicerae and the claws favor multiplication of the bacteria that inhabit the ear canal, resulting in typical cases of otitis.