A evolução do emprego formal industrial nas cidades médias do estado do Ceará (Juazeiro do Norte, Crato e Sobral) no período de 1990 a 2010

The work consists in a discussion of the evolution of formal employment in the industrial cities of Ceará state averages from 1990 to 2010, since this period was marked by important changes. It is emphasized that in order to achieve this aim, the present study was based on a survey of relevant literature on the subject, as well as the use of the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS), published by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The central question to be considered in this study is how we evolved formal employment industry in medium-sized cities (Juazeiro do Norte, Crato and Sobral) of Ceará? The assumption that guides this work is that given the economic policies of the 1990 and 2000 these policies encouraged the relocation, thus implying significant growth in the formal manufacturing employment in these cities. Regarding the results obtained in the survey, it was found that the industrial sector of these cities, showed considerable dynamism in what refers to the expansion of establishments. When observed in percentage terms medium-sized cities (345.5%) had the highest growth in number of establishments in the 1990s with rates higher than the Northeast region (285.9%) and Brazil (167.5%). The highlight was the city of Juazeiro, with the highest concentration of micro and small footwear companies in the state. Regarding the number of formal jobs created in medium-sized cities, it went from 6.596 in 1990 to 41.660 million formal jobs in 2010, with a growth rate of 532%. The sector contributed most to employment generation was the footwear. Although the levels of minimum wages, the 1990 recorded the lowest levels. In the 2000, there were real gains in levels of minimum wages in all cities, however, it may be noted that over the decades there has been significant momentum. However, this momentum was not enough to prevent the end of the study period CMs-Ceará present low wages

Industrialização e emprego formal: uma análise para os municípios da região metropolitana do Cariri nos anos de 1990 e 2000

The Northeast has a record of fighting to reduce disparities. In late 1950, the state intervened through SUDENE, organizing and planning the promotion of development through industrialization. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the industrialization of the Northeast and evolution of formal employment in the metropolitan area of Cariri, located in the southern state of Ceará, in the case of the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (CRAJUBAR) in decades of 1990 and 2000. The assumption permeates the SUDENE with public policies to encourage the industry, causing profound changes in the cities studied. The results indicate that the Cariri since the 1960 has been benefiting the programs implemented by SUDENE. With the implementation of these programs, with in a set of circumstances based on local vocations and state policies, there was a spatial distribution industry, triggering a growth and development on the provision of formal jobs in the industrial sector

Convergência ou divergência no desenvolvimento? um estudo multidimensional para o sudeste e o nordeste do Brasil, 1990-2010

The analysis of some aspects of development in Brazil in the past three decades reveals an improvement on a range of indicators isolated in the south east the richest region and north east the poorest region. From a database of twenty variables, the main purpose the study was to verify if there are indications of convergence or divergence in five dimensions of development between the two regions from 1990 to 2010. Aiming to identify the states more similar and different, and to verify changes in the composition of low development groups and high development in the adressed period, was used the analysis of groupings (Cluster Analysis). Additionally, to test equality of distance between states all the time, was used the non-parametric Test of Wilcoxon. This makes it possible to verify IF the distance between the states of two regions has been increasing or has been falling, showing signs of divergence or convergence. The results of Cluster s analysis suggest that there are indications of convergence inside the cluster of north east, but the distance between two regions has not changed. The results of test of Wilcoxon suggests that there have been no changes statistically significant in the distance between the states, in the two regions the standards of development became more homogenous, but the two regions will be far apart

Proteínas ligantes do insulin-like growth factor (IGFBPs) e dominância folicular em vacas Bos taurus indicus puras e cruzadas

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar um marcador bioquímico de folículos bovinos com diâmetro maior do que 10 mm, o qual poderia ser utilizado para identificar folículos dominantes nesta espécie. Líquido folicular era aspirado de folículos com diâmetros menores do que 5 mm, entre 5 e 10 mm e maiores do que 10 mm, provenientes de ovários de 37 fêmeas bovinas abatidas. Após aspiração, o líquido folicular (LF) era acondicionado em ependorfs etiquetados e congelados. Os padrões eletroforéticos em SDS-PAGE das proteínas do LF foram determinados e verificou-se que os folículos com diâmetro maior do que 10 mm apresentaram um polipeptídeo com PM entre 39 e 43 KDa identificado como a proteína ligante de IGF-3 (IGFBP-3), o qual não foi observado em folículos com diâmetro menor do que 5 mm e entre 5 e 10 mm. Este estudo sugere que este polipeptídeo possa ser utilizado como marcador bioquímico de folículos maiores do que 10 mm.

Isolamento e caracterização ultraestrutural de folículos pré-antrais de vacas da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Distinct acute phase proteins vary during infestations according to the genetic composition of the bovine hosts, Bos taurus and Bos indicus

Tick bites may trigger acute phase responses. Positive and negative acute phase proteins were measured in infested cattle genetically resistant and susceptible to ticks. During heavier infestations levels of haptoglobin increased significantly in susceptible bovines; levels of serum amyloid A increased in resistant bovines; levels of alpha-l-acid glycoprotein decreased significantly in resistant bovines; levels of transferrin decreased significantly in susceptible bovines.In conclusion, tick infestations trigger acute phase responses and enhancement of specific acute phase proteins differs according to the genetic composition of hosts. Acute phase proteins may constitute useful biological signatures for monitoring the stress induced by tick infestations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

African-Derived mitochondria in South American native cattle breeds (Bos taurus): Evidence of a new taurine mitochondrial lineage

This article reports the nucleotide diversity within the control region of 42 mitochondrial chromosomes belonging to five South American native cattle breeds (Bos taurus). Analysis of these data in conjunction with B. taurus and B. indicus sequences from Africa, Europe, the Near East, India, and Japan allowed the recognition of eight new mitochondrial haplotypes and their relative positions in a phylogenetic network. The structure of genetic variation among different hypothetical groupings was tested through the molecular variance decomposition, which was best explained by haplotype group components. Haplotypes surveyed were classified as European-related and African-related. Unexpectedly, two haplotypes within the African cluster were more divergent from the African consensus than the latter from the European consensus. A neighbor-joining tree shows the position of two haplotypes compared to European/African mitochondrial lineage splitting. This different and putatively ancestral mitochondrial lineage (AA) is supported by the calibration of sequence divergence based on the Bos-Bison separation. The European/African mitochondria divergence might be subsequent (67,100 years before present) to that between AA and Africans (84,700 years before present), also preceding domestication times. These genetic data could reflect the haplotype distribution of Iberian cattle five centuries ago.

Parâmetros genéticos entre características de leite, de peso e a idade ao primeiro parto em gado mestiço leiteiro (Bos taurus x Bos indicus)

Foram estimadas as correlações genéticas entre características de produção de leite (produção de leite, gordura, proteína e duração da lactação em até 305 dias, na primeira lactação), características de peso (taxa de crescimento de novilhas entre 12-24 meses e peso médio de vacas) e idade ao primeiro parto, em uma população de fêmeas Mestiço Leiteiro Brasileiro (MLB), por meio de metodologia REML, sob modelo animal. As estimativas de herdabilidade das características estudadas na ordem acima foram, respectivamente, 0,28± 0,08, 0,30±0,11, 0,28±0,09, 0,19±0,07, 0,18±0,06, 0,42±0,10 e 0,48±0,12. As correlações genéticas entre peso médio da vaca e a produção de leite, gordura e proteína foram, respectivamente, -0,22±0,22, -0,49±0,31 e -0,22±0,23 e da taxa de crescimento das novilhas com a produção de leite, gordura e proteína foram respectivamente, -0,59±0,35, -0,73±0,44 e -0,62±0,37. As correlações genéticas entre produção de leite, peso médio das vacas e taxa de crescimento das novilhas com idade ao primeiro parto foram respectivamente, 0,05±0,18, -0,05±0,18 e 0,02±0,20. A alta correlação genética (0,93±0,02) entre produção de leite e duração da lactação indicou que não se deve remover a variação na duração da lactação na seleção de gado leiteiro tropical.

First polymorphisms in JY-1 gene in cattle (Bos taurus indicus) and their association with sexual precocity and growth traits

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variance component estimates applying random regression models for test-day milk yield in Caracu heifers (Bos taurus Artiodactyla, Bovidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of scrotal insulation in Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) on seminal quality and its relationship with in vitro fertilizing ability

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of induced testicular degeneration in Bos taurus indicus (Nellore) bulls on changes in seminal characteristics and fertilizing ability of sperm. Four Nellore bulls (30-36-month-old, 500-550 kg) with good seminal quality (> 80% motile and morphologically normal sperm) had serotal insulation applied for 5 d. Semen was collected by electroejaculation and cryopreserved at a the pre-insulation moment, and 7, 14, and 21 d after insulation was removed. Gross motility, vigor of sperm movement (1-5), acrosome integrity, sperm morphology (phase-contrast microscopy), nuclear vacuoles and abnormal chromatin (Feulgen-stain) were determined after sperm preparations for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Prior to IVF, sperm were separated using a Percoll gradient (45% and 90%). Normal sperm decreased (P < 0.05) 14 and 21 d after insulation was removed. on 14 and 21 d, the incidence of head defects (9.7 +/- 0.6 and 17.0 +/- 0.8, respectively; mean +/- S.E.M) was higher (P < 0.05) in agreement with the incidence of nuclear vauoles (14.0 +/- 5.0 and 12.3 +/- 2.3) and abnormal chromatin (24.4 +/- 7.2 and 30.8 +/- 2.8). Although the frequency of cleaved oocytes decreased only on 21 d (P < 0.05), blastocyst rates were lower (P < 0.05) than pre-insulation on 14 and 21 d. In regression analyses, only nuclear vacuoles, head defects and intact acrosome accounted for differences in cleavage (R(2) = 0.38, 0.48, and 0.30, respectively) and blastocyst rates (R(2) = 0.35, 0.37, and 0.44). Abnormal chromatin was associated only with blastocyst rates (R(2) = 0.35). In conclusion, blastocyst rate was more sensitive than cleavage rate and the assessment of nuclear integrity is recommended to predict the fertilizing ability of bull sperm. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.