Les parlementaires suisses entre démocratisation et professionnalisation (1910-2010). Biographie collective des élus fédéraux et réformes du Parlement helvétique

Notre travail de thèse vise à analyser, d'une part, les principales réformes du Parlement fédéral adoptées au cours du 20e siècle et, d'autre part, l'évolution du profil sociographique pour six cohortes d'élus fédéraux (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980, 2000 et 2010), sous l'angle de sa démocratisation et de sa professionnalisation. La thèse comprend trois axes de recherche principaux. Premièrement, nous nous penchons sur les deux réformes institutionnelles censées favoriser la démocratisation du recrutement parlementaire, à savoir l'adoption de la proportionnelle pour l'élection du Conseil national en 1918 et l'introduction du suffrage féminin à l'échelon fédéral en 1971. Nous abordons également les réformes du Parlement visant, depuis les années 1970, à sa revalorisation et à sa professionnalisation. Le deuxième axe porte sur la réalisation d'un portrait collectif des élus fédéraux pour la période 1910-1980, dans le but de vérifier l'impact des réformes des règles électorales (proportionnelle et suffrage féminin) sur le profil des députés et sénateurs. Enfin, dans le troisième axe, nous abordons les transformations du profil socio-professionnel des parlementaires pendant la période plus récente (1980-2010), en lien avec la professionnalisation accrue de l'Assemblée fédérale et les changements des rapports de force partisans. Nos résultats permettent de mettre en évidence plusieurs éléments de continuité (prédominance de la catégories des indépendants, notamment des avocats, des chefs d'entreprise et des agriculteurs, et sous-représentation des salariés du secteur public ; fort ancrage local), ainsi que certains facteurs de rupture (présence accrue des femmes, moindre importance de la carrière militaire). D'autres changements dans le profil sont liés au processus récent de professionnalisation, contesté et inachevé, qui a favorisé néanmoins l'émergence de nouveaux profils sociologiques d'élus, en termes de formation, de profession (apparition du groupe des parlementaires professionnels) et de cumul des mandats économiques et politiques, avec cependant de fortes variations entre les partis et entre les deux Chambres. - Our PhD thesis aims at analysing, on the one hand, the main reforms of the Federal Parliament adopted during the 20th century and, on the other hand, the evolution of sociographical profile for six cohorts of Swiss MPs (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980, 2000 and 2010) in terms of their democratization and professionalization. Our research is composed of three main parts. Firstly, we analyse two institutional reforms which intended to promote the democratization of parliamentary recruitment, namely the adoption of proportional representation (PR) in 1918 for the election of the National Council and the introduction of women's suffrage at the federal level in 1971. We also deal with parliamentary reforms that, since the 1970s, have aimed at reasserting the political status of the Federal Assembly and at professionalizing its members. Secondly, we carry out a collective biography of Swiss MPs during the period 1910-1980, in order to verify the impact of electoral reforms (PR and women's suffrage) on the profiles of deputies and senators. Finally, we discuss the transformation of the MPs' socio-_professional profiles during the recent period (1980-2010) in connection with the increased professionalization of the Federal Assembly and the changes of the power relations within the Parliament. Our results allow us to highlight several elements of continuity (the predominance of self-employed persons, especially lawyers, business managers and farmers, and the underrepresentation of public employees; stronger background in local politics), as well as some factors of discontinuity (increased presence of women and lesser importance of the military career). Other changes of the parliamentarians' profile are related to the recent process of professionalization. Although contested and unfinished, it has promoted new sociological profiles in terms of educational background, profession (growth of the professional parliamentarians) and number of political and economic mandates held simultaneously, however with important variations between parties and between Lower and Upper House.

Impact of Federal Library Services and Technology Act Funds in Iowa, May 2007.

A report that Mary Wegner gave Iowa's congressmen and senators during this year's ALA Legislative Day in Washington, DC. The report reflects the important ways the State Library uses LSTA funds to help Iowa libraries provide the best service possible to their customers. LSTA funds also pay the salaries of Library Development staff.

Audit report on the Iowa Federal Family Education Loan Program Division, a Division of the Iowa College Student Aid Commission, for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Iowa Federal Family Education Loan Program Division, a Division of the Iowa College Student Aid Commission, for the year ended June 30, 2006

Os Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) da Estação Ecológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, com ênfase nas espécies de Pimplinae

The Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of the Estação Ecológica of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, with emphasis on the Pimplinae species. In one annual cycle 83,712 insects were captured, of which 2,339 were Ichneumonidae, belonging to 17 subfamilies; they were collected by a Malaise trap placed in a montane semidecidual seasonal forest, inside the campus. Among the collected ichneumonids there were 13 genera and 30 species of Pimplinae, of which Pimpla croceiventris was the most frequent species. The species richness of Pimplinae was greater in the ecological station in Belo Horizonte, MG than in other localities studied.

Report of recommendations to the Public Employment Relations Board for the year ending, June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Public Employment Relations Board for the year ended June 30, 2006

Isolamento e Caracterização Fenotípica e Molecular de Parasitos Leishmania sp. de Pacientes com Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) Atendidos no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba

As leishmanioses são um complexo de doenças infecto-parasitárias endêmicas em 88 países que constituem um grave problema de saúde pública. Diversas espécies do gênero Leishmania são os agentes causadores da doença, dentre elas a espécie L. (V.) braziliensis associada a diferentes quadros clínicos da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. No presente trabalho foram obtidos nove isolados de Leishmania sp. oriundos de LTA, sendo sete isolados (87%) oriundos de pacientes residentes no município de Pilões, um (13%) da cidade de João Pessoa, ambas regiões, do estado da Paraíba. Todos os nove isolados foram identificados como sendo da espécie L. (V.) braziliensis através de PCR específica. As análises de caracterização molecular pela técnica de RAPD-PCR mostraram que esses isolados compartilharam 62,63% revelando diferenças genotípicas entre elas. Contudo, os isolados AF e JSL, ambos provenientes de lesões disseminadas, tiveram o maior percentual de bandas compartilhadas dentre os isolados. Outra técnica molecular utilizada foi o SSR-PCR com o iniciador K7 que também foi capaz de demontrar polimorfismo entre os isolados. Nas análises de PCR-RLFP das regiões ITS1, foram encontradas perfis diferentes entre os isolados, onde MRSS, JMTS, AF, JCTS, JRL apresentaram o mesmo perfil de bandas e os isolados JSL, JCNS, MFTS e JAS tiveram, cada um, perfis de bandas distintos. Na análise de PCR-RLFP da região do gene hsp70, JSL, AF, JCTS, JRL, MFTS apresentaram o mesmo perfil de bandas e os isolados, MRSS, JMTS, JCNS e JAS perfis de bandas distintos. Adicionalmente foram também observadas diferenças fenotípicas entre estes isolados, visto que em dado momento de cultivo, todos apresentaram comportamento diferenciado, além de demonstrarem diferenças quanto à sensibilidade às drogas utilizadas na terapêutica das leishmanioses. Portanto estes estudos revelam que os isolados de L. (V.) braziliensis obtidos no estado da Paraíba demonstraram um significativo polimorfismo genético, revelando um alto nível de variação intraespecífica.

Asymptotic robustness in multi-sample analysis of multivariate linear relations

Standard methods for the analysis of linear latent variable models oftenrely on the assumption that the vector of observed variables is normallydistributed. This normality assumption (NA) plays a crucial role inassessingoptimality of estimates, in computing standard errors, and in designinganasymptotic chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The asymptotic validity of NAinferences when the data deviates from normality has been calledasymptoticrobustness. In the present paper we extend previous work on asymptoticrobustnessto a general context of multi-sample analysis of linear latent variablemodels,with a latent component of the model allowed to be fixed across(hypothetical)sample replications, and with the asymptotic covariance matrix of thesamplemoments not necessarily finite. We will show that, under certainconditions,the matrix $\Gamma$ of asymptotic variances of the analyzed samplemomentscan be substituted by a matrix $\Omega$ that is a function only of thecross-product moments of the observed variables. The main advantage of thisis thatinferences based on $\Omega$ are readily available in standard softwareforcovariance structure analysis, and do not require to compute samplefourth-order moments. An illustration with simulated data in the context ofregressionwith errors in variables will be presented.

Labor Relations Information and News, October 2007

The purpose of this newsletter is to inform and update State agencies on relevant labor relations issues and employment law on a monthly basis, and to focus on topics or questions agencies would like more information about.

Labor Relations Information and News, July 2007

The purpose of this newsletter is to inform and update State agencies on relevant labor relations issues and employment law on a monthly basis, and to focus on topics or questions agencies would like more information about.

Labor Relations Information and News, August 2007

The purpose of this newsletter is to inform and update State agencies on relevant labor relations issues and employment law on a monthly basis, and to focus on topics or questions agencies would like more information about.

Labor Relations Information and News, September 2007

The purpose of this newsletter is to inform and update State agencies on relevant labor relations issues and employment law on a monthly basis, and to focus on topics or questions agencies would like more information about.