Saving and investment under external and fiscal constraints

Includes bibliography

Latin American integration and external openness

Includes bibliography

External events, domestic policies and structural adjustment

Includes bibliography

Capital movements and external financing

Includes bibliography

External capital flows in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: experiences and policies

Includes bibliography

Intravenous Tramadol Injection has no Antinociceptive Effect in Horses Undergoing Electrical and Thermal Stimuli

Tramadol combines an μ opiate and nonopiate analgesic mechanism and might be a useful opioid in horses. This study evaluated the effect of IV tramadol on spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), head height, and hoof withdrawal reflex (HWR) after thermal or electrical nociceptive stimuli in horses. Doses of 2 and 3 mg/kg tramadol did not affect HWR after electrical and thermal nociception, respectively. Head height and SLA were not modified by 2, 3, or 5 mg/kg tramadol. All horses treated with 5 mg/kg tramadol developed trembling in pectoral triceps, and gluteal muscles and adopted a base-wide stance. In conclusion, 2 and 3 mg/kg tramadol IV neither induced sedation nor prolonged HWR after thermal or electrical stimuli in conscious horses. The dose of 5 mg/kg tramadol IV produced excitement, and it is apparently unsuitable for clinical use. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

External sector statistics for development planning: a matter for statisticians and planners?

Includes bibliography

The State and transnational banks: lessons from the Bolivian crisis of external public indebtedness

Includes bibliography

Transnational banks, external debt and Perú: results of a recent study

Includes bibliography

The real cost of the external debt for the creditor and for the debtor

Includes bibliography

The external debt and the financial problems of Latin America

Se refiere a las magnitudes envueltas en los problemas financieros de America Latina, al aumento de la deuda externa latinoamericana, y las razones y consecuencias de ese aumento. Plantea las soluciones de emergencia y de mediano plazo, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, y las perspectivas para el futuro cercano.

The international scene and Latin America's external debt

Includes bibliography

Foreign policy and international financial negotiations: the external debt and the Cartagena Consensus

Includes bibliography

External debt: why don't our governments do the obvious?

Examina el proceso de la renegociacion de la deuda externa y la necesidad de instaurar una logica mas compatible con los intereses de los paises latinoamericanos. Expone como condicion necesaria para lograrlo, la capacidad de los liderazgos politicos para presentar a sus pueblos las verdaderas opciones, asi como los costos y riesgos de cada una de ellas.