Simulação da dinâmica do carbono do solo numa microbacia rural pelo modelo Century

O objetivo deste trabalho foi combinar o modelo Century com técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto, para avaliar a dinâmica espaço-temporal do carbono orgânico total do solo (COT). O estudo foi implementado numa microbacia rural, na encosta superior do Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, que apresentava inicialmente uma cobertura florestal que foi convertida para agricultura, ao longo de 80 anos. A calibração adequada do modelo, principalmente dos parâmetros relacionados à decomposição do COT, nos anos iniciais de exploração agrícola, foi fundamental para possibilitar a simulação coerente dos valores de COT. Em relação à distribuição espacial do COT, foi verificado que o maior impacto da agricultura, sobre o estoque original de COT, ocorreu nas áreas sob cultivo desde 1925, nas quais se constatou decréscimo de 58,2% do COT. Verificou-se que a integração do Century com um sistema de informações geográficas torna possível o estudo da dinâmica espaço-temporal do COT e a realização de inventários relativos à distribuição do COT.

Perspectivas tecnológicas: educación superior en Iberoamérica 2012-2017

La sèrie d'informes Horizon és el resultat més tangible del Projecte Horizon del New Media Consortium, un esforç de recerca qualitativa iniciat el 2002, que identifica i descriu les tecnologies emergents amb més potencial d'impacte en l'ensenyament, l'aprenentatge, la recerca i la expressió creativa en l'àmbit educatiu global. Aquest volum, Perspectivas tecnológicas: educación superior en Iberoamérica 2012-2017, és la segona edició del Projecte Horizon Iberoamèrica i se centra en la investigació en els països de la regió Iberoamericana (incloent-hi tota Llatinoamèrica, Espanya i Portugal) i en l'àmbit de l'educació superior. Ha estat produït pel NMC i l'eLearn Center de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.

Perspectives tecnològiques: educació superior a Iberoamèrica 2012-2017

La sèrie d'informes Horizon és el resultat més tangible del Projecte Horizon del New Media Consortium, un esforç de recerca qualitativa iniciat el 2002, que identifica i descriu les tecnologies emergents amb més potencial d'impacte en l'ensenyament, l'aprenentatge, la recerca i la expressió creativa en l'àmbit educatiu global. Aquest volum, Perspectives tecnològiques: educació superior a Iberoamèrica 2012-2017, és la segona edició del Projecte Horizon Iberoamèrica i se centra en la investigació en els països de la regió Iberoamericana (incloent-hi tota Llatinoamèrica, Espanya i Portugal) i en l'àmbit de l'educació superior. Ha estat produït pel NMC i l'eLearn Center de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.

Technology Outlook: Iberoamerican Tertiary Education 2012-2017

La sèrie d'informes Horizon és el resultat més tangible del Projecte Horizon del New Media Consortium, un esforç de recerca qualitativa iniciat el 2002, que identifica i descriu les tecnologies emergents amb més potencial d'impacte en l'ensenyament, l'aprenentatge, la recerca i la expressió creativa en l'àmbit educatiu global. Aquest volum, Technology Outlook: Iberoamerican Tertiary Education 2012-2017, és la segona edició del Projecte Horizon Iberoamèrica i se centra en la investigació en els països de la regió Iberoamericana (incloent-hi tota Llatinoamèrica, Espanya i Portugal) i en l'àmbit de l'educació superior. Ha estat produït pel NMC i l'eLearn Center de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.

Rural Expressway Intersection Synthesis of Practice and Crash Analysis, 2004

This report presents a national synthesis of rural expressway, two-way stop -controlled (TWSC) intersection safety strategies and intersection designs and an analysis of Iowa expressway TWSC intersection crash characteristics. A rural expressway is a multi-lane highway with a divided median and with mostly at -grade intersections, although some intersections may be grade separated. The synthesis of intersection strategies is conducted in two parts. The first is a literature review and the second part is a national survey of strategies currently being applied by state transportation agencies. The characterization of crash patterns at TWSC expressway intersections is examined through the analysis of 5 years of crash data at 644 intersections.

Personality and personality disorders in urban and rural Africa: results from a field trial in Burkina Faso

When conducting research in different cultural settings, assessing measurement equivalence is of prime importance to determine if constructs and scores can be compared across groups. Structural equivalence implies that constructs have the same meaning across groups, metric equivalence implies that the metric of the scales remains stable across groups, and full scale or scalar equivalence implies that the origin of the scales is the same across groups. Several studies have observed that the structure underlying both normal personality and personality disorders (PDs) is stable across cultures. Most of this cross-cultural research was conducted in Western and Asian cultures. In Africa, the few studies were conducted with well-educated participants using French or English instruments. No research was conducted in Africa with less privileged or preliterate samples. The aim of this research was to study the structure and expression of normal and abnormal personality in an urban and a rural sample in Burkina Faso. The sample included 1,750 participants, with a sub-sample from the urban area of Ouagadougou (n = 1,249) and another sub-sample from a rural village, Soumiaga (n = 501). Most participants answered an interview consisting of a Mooré language adaptation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and of the International Personality Disorders Examination. Mooré is the language of the Mossi ethnic group, and the most frequently spoken local language in Burkina Faso. A sub-sample completed the same self-report instruments in French. Demographic variables only had a small impact on normal and abnormal personality traits mean levels. The structure underlying normal personality was unstable across regions and languages, illustrating that translating a complex psychological inventory into a native African language is a very difficult task. The structure underlying abnormal personality and the metric of PDs scales were stable across regions. As scalar equivalence was not reached, mean differences cannot be interpreted. Nevertheless, these differences could be due to an exaggerated expression of abnormal traits valued in the two cultural settings. Our results suggest that studies using a different methodology should be conducted to understand what is considered, in different cultures, as deviating from the expectations of the individual's culture, and as a significant impairment in self and interpersonal functioning, as defined by the DSM-5.

Managing Decisions Regarding Rural Expressway Routes and Associated Highway Bypasses, 2009

For several years, the Iowa Department of Transportation has constructed bypasses along rural highways. Most bypasses were constructed on the state’s Commercial Industrial Network (CIN). Now that work on the CIN has been completed and the system is open to traffic, it is possible to study the impacts of bypasses. In the past, construction of highway bypasses has led community residents and business people to raise concerns about the loss of business activity. For policy development purposes, it is essential to understand the impacts that a bypass might have on safety, the community, and economics. By researching these impacts, policies can be produced to help to alleviate any negative impacts and create a better system that is ultimately more cost-effective. This study found that the use of trade area analysis does not provide proof that a bypass can positively or negatively impact the economy of a rural community. The analysis did show that, even though the population of a community may be stable for several years and per capita income is increasing, sales leakage still occurs. The literature, site visits, and data make it is apparent that a bypass can positively affect a community. Some conditions that would need to exist in order to maximize a positive impact include the installation of signage along the bypass directing travelers to businesses and services in the community, community or regional plans that include the bypass in future land development scenarios, and businesses adjusting their business plans to attract bypass users. In addition, how proactive a community is in adapting to the bypass will determine the kinds of effects felt in the community. Results of statistical safety analysis indicate that, at least when crashes are separated by severity, bypasses with at-grade accesses appear to perform more poorly than either the bypasses with fully separated accesses or with a mix of at-grade and fully separated accesses. However, the benefit in terms of improved safety of bypasses with fully separated accesses relative to bypasses with a mixed type of accesses is not statistically conclusive.

Safety Analysis of Low-Volume Rural Roads in Iowa, 2010

Iowa features an extensive surface transportation system, with more than 110,000 miles of roadway, most of which is under the jurisdiction of local agencies. Given that Iowa is a lower-population state, most of this mileage is located in rural areas that exhibit low traffic volumes of less than 400 vehicles per day. However, these low-volume rural roads also account for about half of all recorded traffic crashes in Iowa, including a high percentage of fatal and major injury crashes. This study was undertaken to examine these crashes, identify major contributing causes, and develop low-cost strategies for reducing the incidence of these crashes. Iowa’s extensive crash and roadway system databases were utilized to obtain needed data. Using descriptive statistics, a test of proportions, and crash modeling, various classes of rural secondary roads were compared to similar state of Iowa controlled roads in crash frequency, severity, density, and rate for numerous selected factors that could contribute to crashes. The results of this study allowed the drawing of conclusions as to common contributing factors for crashes on low-volume rural roads, both paved and unpaved. Due to identified higher crash statistics, particular interest was drawn to unpaved rural roads with traffic volumes greater than 100 vehicles per day. Recommendations for addressing these crashes with low-cost mitigation are also included. Because of the isolated nature of traffic crashes on low-volume roads, a systemic or mass action approach to safety mitigation was recommended for an identified subset of the entire system. In addition, future development of a reliable crash prediction model is described.

Materials de suport a l'ensenyament/aprenentatge per competències

Aquest article presenta el projecte de Millora de Qualitat Docent que ofereix un disseny d’intervenció i materials de suport per a l’ensenyament i aprenentatge de competències en l’espai de seminari. Els eixos en els que es fonamenta la nostra proposta són: la identificació de les competències a assolir, l’autoavaluació com a eina formativa i la tutoria com a espai de suport en aquest procés d’aprenentatge. La intervenció s’adreça als estudiants de Grau i als professors tutors. Els materials de suport elaborats fan referència a: qüestionari online d’autopercepció del nivell de competències genèriques, qüestionari tutorial de detecció de necessitats i disseny del procés tutorial. En base a la reflexió derivada de l’elaboració d’aquest treball i en relació a l’experiència docent universitària com a professors tutors, podem constatar que l’adquisició de les competències és un procés perceptible que requereix d’un temps variable segons cada estudiant, que implica la conscienciació i participació activa del mateix i, que aquest procés requereix de l’espai de tutoria per a poder-lo dur a terme.

Evaluation of Low-Cost Treatments on Rural Two-Lane Curves, TR-579, 2012

The objective of this project was to evaluate low-cost measures to reduce speeds on high-crash horizontal curves. The researchers evaluated two low-cost treatments in Iowa to determine their effectiveness in reducing speeds on rural two-lane roadways. This report summarizes how the research team selected sites and collected data, and the results. The team selected six sites. Retroreflective post treatments were added to existing chevrons at four sites and on-pavement curve markings were added at two sites. The researchers collected speed data before and after installation of the two treatments. The study compared several speed metrics to assess the effectiveness of the treatments. Overall, both were moderately effective in reducing speeds. The most significant impact of the treatments was in reducing the percentage of vehicles traveling over the posted or advisory speed by 5, 10, 15, or 20 or more mph. This result suggests that the treatments are most effective in reducing high-end speeds.

Aplicació i avaluació d'activitats de grup per desenvolupar competències d'ensenyament-aprenentatge en un escenari de grup mitjà

El present treball, implementat durant els dos primers cursos de Grau de Psicologia en dos semestres consecutius, es focalitza en l’aplicació de diferents tècniques participatives, al voltant de la competència de treball en equip que figura en el pla docent dels mòduls d’ambdós cursos, i en la ubicació de l’espai docent, que anomenarem grup mitjà (petit grup en els plans d’estudis). Concretament, l’activitat del primer curs s’ha desenvolupat dins la matèria Psicologia Social i la de segon curs dins la matèria Psicologia dels Grups. El treball s’ha centrat tant en aspectes metodològics com en aspectes d’autoavaluació i heteroavaluació de les persones participants en els equips de treball formats en el grup mitjà. S’han analitzat competències relacionals procedents del model de Chaves (2007). La comprensió de l’activitat per part dels alumnes i la reflexió com a forma d’aprenentatge i millora del rendiment han estat cabdals en el procés. La coincidència en les valoracions de l’autoavaluació i de l’heteroavaluació, tant en el primer curs com en el segon curs, ens permet donar crèdit a l’evolució favorable experimentada en una gran part de les dimensions competencials estudiades al llarg dels dos semestres. Aquests resultats podran ser confirmats empíricament amb la recerca, encara en curs, que compara aquest grup focal (els mateixos subjectes de primer i segon curs de grau de Psicologia) amb un grup control de tercer curs de la llicenciatura de Psicologia.

Presentació: Elements per a la comprensió crítica de la reforma de l'ensenyament secundari

La reforma de l'ensenyament secundari ha estat i és encara un tema polèmic, controvertit. En sentir crítiques referents a l'estat actual de l'ensenyament secundari per part de professionals procedents de sectors deis diferents estaments educatius, tant si aquestes crítiques són favorables a la reforma com si no ho són, és fàcil percebre un ambient general de preocupació. Davant d'aquest ambient, cal pensar que alguna cosa no deu acabar d'anar bé perquè s'hagi creat un clima de descontent tan generalitzat.