Avaliação da eficiência dos métodos Direto, COPROTEST e Rugai no diagnóstico da estrongiloidíase

Strongyloidiasis, a relatively common parasitism in tropical and sub-tropical areas, is the result of the infection by the smaller nematode, the Strongyloides stercoralis. Humans can be infected by this parasite, which has in its vital cycle free-life forms of male and female individuals able to live in the ground, and with another step necessary parasitism in the intestinal wall. The diagnostic of the infection is routinely done by the microscopic observation of the larva in stool samples and the high sensibility of urn method over another one allows an trustable and efficient diagnostic. The efficiency of three methods (Direct, COPROTEST and Rugai) used in the Parasitology Sector of the NAC-LACAL in Araraquara (SP) to diagnosis the strongiloidiasis were evaluated. A number of 2346 samples of stool of patients from NAC-LACAL and Nestor Goulart Reis Hospital were analyzed in the period between August and December of 2002. The Rugai Method with an positivity index of 65 % was elected as the most efficient of thee ones.

Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio no feijoeiro irrigado cultivado em plantio direto

The nitrogen is the nutrient required in greatest quantities by the bean crop and the response to its application depends on the applied N rate as well as the time of its application. The objective of this work was to evaluate yield components, grain productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds, affected by different nitrogen (urea) rates top-dressed at three crop growth stages. The experiment was conducted in no-till system. The treatments were constituted by 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg ha-1 N top-dressed at V4-5, R5 and R6 growth stages, corresponding to 21, 32 and 38 days after plant emergence, respectively. Seed physiological quality was evaluated by germination and vigor tests. Nitrogen applied at different crop growth stages did not interfere on the yield components, but interfered on bean productivity. Maximum grain productivity was obtained with top-dressed 164 kg ha-1 N, independently of growth stage application. Seed physiological quality was not affected by the treatments, fitting in the category of seeds for commercialization.

Desenvolvimento e produtividade da cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) em função de doses de nitrogênio e potássio

The objective of the experiment was evaluating the development and production of turmeric, it was carried out at FCAV-UNESP, in Jaboticabal-SP, during 11/18/ 1999 to 7/18/2000, in randomized blocks, with three replications, factorial scheme 5 × 5. The factors evaluated were doses of N (0, 68, 136, 170 and 204 kg.ha-1) and doses of K2O (0, 92, 184, 230 and 276 kg.ha-1). The potassium doses influenced plant-mother's height significantly, answering lineally to the increment in the potassium fertilization. There was significant interaction between nitrogen and potassium on the number of leaves of the sons and total-plant. In the doses of 0 and 92 kg of K2O.ha-1 a lineal increase was observed in the number of leaves with the increment of the applied nitrogen. The potassium doses also influenced the foliar area of the sons and total-plant, reaching values of 3260 and 4971 cm2 per plant, respectively, for the application of 276 kg K2O.ha1. The number of sons had a lineal increment with the growing fertilization of potassium, contemplating on the dry mass of the aerial part of the sons. The production of rhizomes per plant wasn't influenced for the factors evaluated.

Eficiência de máscaras cirúrgicas como equipamento de proteção respiratória contra aerossóis bacterianos

The use of masks is generally accepted as a means of protecting the individual against microbial pathogens that might be inhaled in unhealthy environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of disposable surgical masks sold in Brazil, against coliforms in aerosols emitted by the aerators of a sanitary sewage treatment station. The filtration efficiency varied from 50.9% to 99.9% for 6 masks from different sources.

Eficiência de uso de boro no crescimento de clones de eucalipto em vasos

This paper evaluated the critical level, responsivity and boron use effciency on growth and the biomass production in six Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clones (Ca, Cb, Cc, Cd, Ce and Cf). An experiment was carried out in pots containing ground silicon, under greenhouse conditions using four boron rates per solution (0; 0.135; 0.27; 0.54 mg L -1 of B). The treatments were combined in a randomized block experimental design in a 4 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications. Plant height, stem diameter, dry matter production in the shoots of the plant and boron use effciency in the leaves, stem and total dry matter at the 8th month of age were evaluated. Due to boron fertilization, growth and shoot biomass were observed in the Eucalyptus plants after 240 days of being planted in pots. The increases in growth and biomass were 35 to 54% and 21 to 64%, respectively. The boron rates that promoted major growth of the plants were 0.33 to 0.44 mg L -1 of B and in this range the most effcient clone for dry matter production of leaves was Cf and the least effcient one to stem biomass production and the shoot biomass was Cd, no signifcant differences among other clones were observed. The critical level of boron in solution was 0.09 to 0.24 mg L -1 of B in the growth of the plants.

Correlações genéticas de características de tamanho corporal e condição corporal com características de eficiência produtiva de fêmeas da raça Canchim

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito residual de calcário, nitrogênio e zinco na produção de matéria seca de Brachiaria decumbens em condições de campo

The balance of liming and fertilization practice with nitrogen and zinc could affect the production of the pasture. Thus, the present work has as objective to evaluate the residual effect of the application of calcareous rock, nitrogen, and zinc on the dry matter production of Brachiaria decumbens, during three cuts. For this, an experiment was installed in Selvíria, Brazil, on a distrofic red Latosol, from october 1997 to may 1998. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a factorial project 3×3×2, with four repetitions. The treatments were three doses of nitrogen: 0, 50, and 100 kg/ha, three doses of lime: 0, 267, and 556 kg/ha, corresponding to 41, 50, and 60% of the levels of base saturation, respectively, and two doses of zinc 0 and 5 kg/ha, applied in the first year and reapplied in the second year, except for the limestone. Four cuts were done in the grass at 10 cm of height, with intervals of 49 days, to obtain the dry matter production. The limestone application in the first year did not provide to residual effect on the production of Brachiaria decumbens. However, the nitrogen fertilization increased the dry matter production of the grass. The application of zinc in the first year and the reapplication in the second year did not result in a productive response of B. decumbens. © 2009 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas INIA.

Eficiência polinizadora de apis mellifera l. e polinizaç ão entomófila em pimentão variedade cascadura ikeda

The aim of this research was to identify the insects visiting flowers of sweet pepper and evaluate the effects of entomophilous pollination as a whole and, more especifically, of honeybees as pollinators of this crop. This study was carried out in the municipality of Taubaté, State of São Paulo, Brazil (21°01'S; 45°29'W; altitude: 570 m) from April to September, 2002. Insects were collected in thirty-six plants during 10 minutes/hour between 6:00 and 17:00h during days of maximum blooming. Twelve plots were subjected to the following treatments: (1) open-pollinated plots, freely visited by insects; (2) caged plots; (3) caged plots containing a hive of honeybees. Twelve species of insects visited the flowers. Exomalopsis spp. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) were the commonest ones (53,9% of visits). Fruits yielded in treatments (1) and (3) were heavier, presented higher diameter, thicker pericarp and more seeds per fruit than fruits in treatment (2). Results showed that fruits from insect pollinated plots presented better quality. Honeybeesas as pollinators were efficient as the other insects. sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae, pollination, Apis mellifera, honeybee.

A reforma orçamentária e a eficiência fiscal

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Eficiência do protocolo Ovsynch em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês

Twenty six Santa Inês ewes were asigned to three treatments to evaluate the efficiency of the Ovsynch protocol. In the treatment 1 - control (n=8), the estrus was synchronized with sponges containing 60 mg MAP for 14 days. On D14, 300 IU eCG were administered. In treatment 2 (n=9) the Ovsynch protocol was used: 25 μg of GnRH (D0), 37.5 μg of PGF2α (D7) and 25 μg of GnRH (D9). In treatment 3 (n=9) the modified Ovsynch protocol was used: the administration of PGF2α and second GnRH as two days early. Estrus detection was accomplished using teaser. All ewes were mated twice with 12 hours of interval. Pregnancy rate (PR) was evaluated by ultrasonography 30 days after the end of mating. Estrus response was of 88.46% on average, and without differences among treatments (p>0.05). The interval for onset of estrus was greater (p<0.05) in T1, when compared with T2 and T3 (41.31±7.2, 13.37±8.42 and 6.75±5.2 h, respectively). The time of receptivity was greater (p<0.05) in females of T1 and T3 (40.5±6.49 h and 53.68±10.27 h, respectively), compared to females of T2 (34.56±7.2 h). The duration of the induced estrus did not differ significant among treatments (p>0.05). Pregnancy rate was significantly greater (p<0.05) in ewes synchronized with Ovsynch protocol (37.5%, 62.5% and 25% for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The results show superior efficiency of the Ovsynch protocol, under the experimental conditions.

Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio via foliar em feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto II - Características agronômicas e produtividade

Nitrogen is the nutrient most uptaken by common bean plant, and molybdenum besides its importance to N fixation process, it is associated to N metabolism. The objective of this work was to evaluate, on common bean crop Pérola cultivar, the effect of N levels application at side dressing (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) as well as the leaf application of Mo (0, 80 and 160 g ha-1) at development stadium V3 or V4 under no tillage system. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with 30 treatments and 4 replications. The research was conducted in Selviria-MS on soil previously cropped with corn. The application of nitrogen levels at side dressing provided increasing on dry mass weight, number of pod and seeds per plant and grain yield, in the 2004; the Mo application at V3 or V4 stadia did not effect the production components and grain yield; as well as different doses of Mo depended on the N application at side dressing, in the 2004.

Utilização de nitrato de amônio e de uréia como fontes de nitrogênio na micropropagação de amoreira-preta

The high cost allied to the difficulty in the acquisition of the ammonium nitrate has been taking the accomplishment of works looking for an alternative for the substitution of this source of nitrogen. It was aimed at to study the technical viability of the substitution of the ammonium nitrate for urea, as source of nitrogen in the culture media for the blackberry in vitro cv. Tupy (Rubus sp). Nodal segments were used, already established in vitro, were inoculated in culture media MS and 50% MS, added of 1.0 mg. dm-3 of BAP, solidified with 6 g.dm-3 of agar, pH was adjusted for 5,8 and sterilized to 121 °C and 0,1 MPa for 20 min. The treatments consisted of the substitution of 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100% of NH4NO3 for urea, and the swinging of nitrogen supplied by the culture media MS it was not altered. The explants were maintained by 60 days in growth room with temperature of 27±1 °C, photoperiod of 16 h and luminous intensity of 32 mmol m'2 s'1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in factorial (6 x 2) using four repetitions with 16 plants each one. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the urea doesn't substitute NH 4NO3 in the culture media MS as nitrogen source in the culture vitro of blackberry.

Influência de fontes de nitrogênio no consumo e digestibilidade aparente total e parcial de novilhos alimentados com cana- deaçúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources, using sugarcane supplemented with urea, corn gluten meal-60 or soybean meal. It was evaluated Intake, total and partial apparent digestibility were evaluated using four rumen and duodenal cannulated crossbred steers. The treatments were evaluated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The total feces were collected to determine the apparent digestibility on the total intestinal tract. The indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) was used as marker of duodenal flux to determine ruminal and intestinal digestibility and dry matter daily flux. The DM, OM, CP, EE, DE, NDF, ADF and TC intakes and digestibility rates were influenced by nitrogen sources, and lower intake was observed in animals fed exclusively with cane sugar compared to animals fed the other experimental diets. Meanwhile the sources of nitrogen did not affect the total digestible nutrients (TDN) values. The RDP sources did not affect the total, ruminal, and intestinal nutrients apparent digestibility. However, the total, ruminal, and intestinal dry matter, and protein apparent digestibility were affected by the RDP sources.

Crescimento e acúmulo de nitrogênio e potássio pelo melão pele de sapo fertirrigado

With the objective of obtaining dry matter curves, and nitrogen and potassium accumulation in Piel de Sapo melon (Cucumis melo L.) hybrid Sancho, an experiment was conducted in Mossoró - RN in a randomized blocks design with three repetitions. Treatments consisted of doses in kg ha-1 of nitrogen: 0, 91, 140 and 184 and potassium: 0, 174, 260 and 346; which were applied by fertigation in depths of 281, 349 and 423mm. Stems, leaves and fruits were harvested 5 times at 28 to 70 days after transplantation, in intervals of 10 days for analyses of aerial dry matter, nitrogen, and potassium accumulation. Doses higher than 140 and 260 kg ha-1 of N and K respectively, did not induce greater accumulation of these nutrients increasing levels throughout the plant cycle. Nitrogen doses of 91 and 140 kg ha-1, potassium doses of 174 and 260 kg ha-1 as well as depth of 348mm provided higher accumulation of potassium in the plant.

Doses de Nitrogênio na Produção de rabanete fertirrigado e determinação de clorofila por medidor portátil nas folhas

The relative chlorophyll determination is used to predict the need for nitrogen fertilization aiming to increase production in various cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil nitrogen dose response added to the soil via fertigation in radish production and the relation between chlorophyll and cultivar Redondo Vermelho leaf nitrogen content. Transverse diameter of root, leaf area, green index, leaf N contents, shoots (stem) production, number of commercial and noncommercial roots, and the total commercial mass roots were evaluated. The N doses didn't interfere in the radish production and the readings taken with portable chlorophyll meter are not very accurate in ascertaining the level of N on radish plant growth.