Altera����es na legislação higi��nico-sanit��ria do leite fluido : uma an��lise da legislação brasileira frente ��s legisla����es internacionais

A d��cada de noventa representou um marco de transforma����es para o agroneg��cio brasileiro. A cadeia produtiva do leite, em especial, sofreu grandes impactos decorrentes da desregulamenta����o do setor e da integra����o comercial regional. Esses fatores expuseram os baixos ��ndices de efici��ncia t��cnica e de qualidade do produto final, demonstrando a necessidade de a����es para melhorias nesse sentido. Dessa forma, foi elaborado um estudo para estabelecer um diagn��stico das condi����es que dificultavam o desenvolvimento do setor produtivo nacional do leite, culminando com a cria����o do Programa Nacional de Melhoria da Qualidade do Leite e com a altera����o de diversas normas sanit��rias de leite fluido. O aumento do padr��o sanit��rio dos produtos agroalimentares torna-se necess��rio com o crescente interesse do Brasil na inser����o do mercado internacional. O objetivo desse trabalho �� analisar a legislação higi��nico-sanit��ria brasileira de leite fluido frente ��s legisla����es internacionais, situando o padr��o de qualidade do Brasil no contexto mundial. Verificou-se grande preocupa����o governamental em assegurar qualidade e inocuidade do leite em todas as etapas produtivas. A maioria das normas brasileiras est�� em acordo com as exig��ncias internacionais, chegando a superar em algumas situa����es. No entanto, devemos levar em considera����o que a cadeia produtiva l��ctea brasileira tem as suas peculiaridades e que �� necess��rio adequar as pol��ticas p��blicas �� nossa realidade.

O processo decis��rio no munic��pio de Maca��

This research had as objective to identify as if it gives to the process of decisions in the City of Maca��. It was a case study, therefore to make possible this analysis, the used ways had been the research of field, bibliographical and documentary. The bibliographical survey was made in books, specialized periodicals, thesis, dissertations, monographs, sites and the pertinent legislation to the case, generating an analytical base of the subject considered for study. The research also was documentary, since internal document use of the City Hall of Maca�� became. In the field, the public decision-making of Maca��, the previous management, had been interviewed, so that it was understood of that it forms if gives the process of taking of decisions in this city. Moreover, the interviewed ones had been encouraged to display its beliefs and feelings, to tell to experiences and personal characteristics. With this, one searched to better understand the universe lived for the respondents and, simultaneously, to compare the speeches and the reality. The data had suffered analysis of content based on the studies from Bardin (1979), Laville and Dione (1999) and Vergara (2005). The study it approaches the City of Maca��, and, in accordance with Yin (2001), studies of cases allow to work with an immense variety of evidences, as documents, devices, interviews and comments. The research bibliographical, documentary, of field, in the case study had been complementary and with its confrontation it searched to get a general vision of form to give to reply to the final question proposal. One concludes that the process of decisions politics and its implementation in the City of Maca�� if gave by means of the awareness of the executive former-managers of the City Hall, in assuming roles of true entrepreneurs, the good relationship with the Common Council, in the search of chances and the combat to the problems and the establishment of public politics, focused in the access and the improvement of the quality of the public rendering of services, in the incentive the economic development and in the promotion of the citizenship for the population place.

A democratiza����o da pol��tica p��blica e o fortalecimento da cidadania. Conhecendo o projeto Casa Brasil : unidades Vit��ria e Vila Velha

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the Casa Brasil Project and its contribution for promoting actions related to citizenship in Vitoria and Vila Velha cities. The essay was led through a theoretical discussion about citizenship, public space, social participation and public politics. Thereafter thematic interviews based on a non-probabilistic method were done with seventeen people such as public power representatives, organized civilian society and community. The speech analysis was used for data treatment. Some negative and positive aspects referred to citizenship and public power were identified. The aim of the research was checking if there is any encouragement to a genuine and consciousness participation of the society for the structure and continuous citizenship practice. The Casa Brasil Project experience in Vitoria and Vila Velha demonstrates that its sustainability and effectiveness depend on how interacted and committed the strategic stakeholders are, since the condition of local institutions influences the model of social mobilization and individual participation. Besides, this essay shows it is necessary: to improve the citizen involvement �� by implementing the board of directors, which assures public participation in order to stimulate the community to take the unity control �� to grant democratic feature to the public power, and to increase citizenship.

Pol��tica de recursos humanos del personal civil de la administra��i��n p��blica directa: um estudio comparado entre Brasil y Colombia a n��vel federal e nacional respectivamente

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el conocimiento a trav��s de un estudio comparado de la pol��tica de desarrollo y valoraci��n de los recursos humanos que han sido definidas desde la d��cada de los treinta ( 30), en los gobiemos de Brasil y Colombia, determinando acciones que vienen siendo adoptadas en la actualidad, en su p��blico-alvo, los funcionarios públicos civiles a nivel federal y nacional respectivamente, en la administraci��n directa. Las organizaciones en general, particulares y gubemamentales, tienen la responsabilidad en fomentar el desarrollo de los recursos humanos. Existir�� siempre la necesidad de esfuerzos creativos para que la profesionalizaci��n en todos los niveles, alcance las metas necesarias para su s��lida afirmaci��n, contribuyendo de ��sta manera a acelerar el proceso de desarrollo, fundamental en la globalizaci��n que en la actualidad enfrentan todos ��stos pa��ses. Para lograr ��ste objetivo, hemos hecho una descripci��n de las experiencias de reformas que ��stos dos pa��ses vienen atravezando, con el objetivo de modernizar la administraci��n p��blica, utilizando como instrumento para el respectivo an��lisis, una metodolog��a cualitativa de identificaci��n y cuestionamiento de las informaciones.

Economia dos recursos naturais, desenvolvimento sustent��vel e teoria do crescimento econ��mico : uma aplica����o para o Brasil

Este trabalho tem como meta uma exposi����o sucinta sobre as rela����es entre economia e meio ambiente, que foram, durante muito tempo, ignoradas ou relegadas a um plano secund��rio pela grande maioria dos economistas. Essas rela����es passaram a ser melhor investigadas ap��s os choques do petr��leo na d��cada de 70, que mudaram radicalmente o enfoque sobre o bin��mio economia-meio ambiente, contribuindo tamb��m para essa mudan��a os efeitos cada vez mais vis��veis causados pela polui����o desenfreada do planeta. Discute-se tamb��m sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento sustent��vel, bem como sobre sua evolu����o ao longo do tempo e as duas vis��es concorrentes sobre essa quest��o, al��m de abordar, resumidamente, a qualidade ambiental e os recursos naturais de propriedade comum como bens públicos. O trabalho tamb��m tra��a um paralelo entre os modelos de crescimento neocl��ssicos e os modelos de crescimento end��geno, no que se refere �� incorpora����o de vari��veis ambientais, como polui����o, energia e recursos naturais. Como contribui����o emp��rica para a conex��o entre capital natural e crescimento econ��mico, procuramos estimar a rela����o entre estoque de terras, empregado como proxy para o capital natural, e o crescimento da renda per capita para as unidades federativas brasileiras, a partir de 1970, por meio de uma rela����o c��bica empregando dados de painel. Verificamos que, quando se consideram, para o c��lculo do ��ndice de expans��o agr��cola, os dados referentes �� ��rea agr��cola utilizada, que �� a soma da ��rea agr��cola permanente mais a ��rea agr��cola tempor��ria, o modelo empregado �� significativo e bem especificado. Neste caso, constatamos um padr��o de ���explos��o e quebra��� do processo de crescimento econ��mico associado �� expans��o da lavoura agr��cola das unidades federativas brasileiras.

Os impactos das medidas dos acordos Brasil - FMI no crescimento e desenvolvimento da economia brasileira (1990-2001)

Na presente disserta����o procura-se medir os impactos dos programas de ajuste macroecon��micos acordados entre o Brasil e o FMI no per��odo 1990-2001. Ap��s uma breve exposi����o sobre o hist��rico da d��vida, discute-se o sigilo das opera����es com o Fundo ao mesmo tempo em que �� verificado se o Brasil cumpriu ou n��o as metas acordadas. Procede-se, por fim, �� an��lise de impactos com a utiliza����o do modelo de contas nacionais. Tendo em vista n��o se dispor de documentos relativos ao per��odo 1990-1998, a constru����o de s��ries hist��ricas visando a um tratamento estat��stico adequado fica comprometida. Assim, tal an��lise �� emp��rica, calcada em tabelas e gr��ficos constru��dos a partir dos dados disponibilizados pelo governo brasileiro e pelo FMI.

O Estado organizacional dos grandes escrit��rios de advocacia do Brasil: dois estudos de caso

The objective of this study was to identify the real organizational status of major law firms in Brazil compared to fordism and post-fordism organizational economic paradigms. In order to fulfill the objectives, an exploratory-explanatory research was carried out through case studies. The two major Brazilian law firms, according the study developed by the newspaper Gazeta Mercantil (PANORAMA SETORIAL �� ESCRIT��RIOS DE ADVOCACIA, 2002), Pinheiro Neto Advogados (PN) and Tozzini, Freire, Teixeira e Silva Advogados (TFTS), were researched. The case study was based on multiple evidence analysis: semi-structured interviews, documents and records analysis, and direct observations. The report of the research was structured by presenting a detailed introduction about lawyer and the law firms, including their historics main characteristics and factors which lead up to the constitution of these firms, showing the relationship among information technologies, globalizations and the need of strategic recontextualization of law firms. The data collected showed how these aspects presented in the studied unities. It was concluded through this research that PN and TFTS present an organizational development compatible to what is frequently practised in the organizations as far as contemporary organizational techniques and tools are concerned; neither fordism nor the transitional process to post-fordism, intensified the division of work of the lawyer; the new information technologies are essential for the maintenance of the sustained competitive advantage within the post-fordism scenario.

O campo de energia el��trica no Brasil - de 1880 a 2002

Since electric power is an essential element in modern society, this paper analyzes the historic and institutional factors that have contributed to the formation and organization of the Brazilian electric sector, from the time when it started to be used in this country until the end of year 2002. This analysis is based on a linear description of historic facts, giving emphasis to crucial events �� or critical incidents, as they were called for the purpose of this paper. As to these happenings, the social actors who played an important role in the development of the Brazilian electric power sector were analyzed. An analytical model based on the theoretical references offered by the Institutional Theory was used. The study also highlights the elements that comprehend the development of the phenomenon in face of the ambivalence existing in a developing country, which is the case of the Brazilian electric power sector. The organizational fields that were established at the time determined by the main crucial incidents presented throughout the length of time covered by this study. The resources that the main social actors involved in the electric power sector may use by are also identified, as well as their main interests and level of influence these actors may have. Several documents were analyzed. The qualitative methodology was used. Also, many semi-structured in-depth interviews of the people who have made the history of this sector for reliability were conducted. Finally, this study includes the main elements that have shaped the institutional model of the Brazilian electric sector. It also characterizes the external environment as the element which has most influenced the sector and has also led its way throughout the different developmental phases, especially with respect to funding. The growing rates of power consumption indicate the need for a constant increase in the supply of electric power to meet the needs of society and economic development. This requires constant investment. Lack of investment is a limiting factor. Not only does it hinder the development of the country but it may also result in very unfortunate mishaps such as electric power rationing, such as the kind we had to endure a while ago.

A forma����o do campo da sa��de suplementar no Brasil

The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of the Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, complemented, in the non-conflictive aspects of these two visions, by the Anthony Giddens�� institutional vision on the field genesis motivational factors. The research�� data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews during 2002 e 2003 period, involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field��s phenomena under an actors�� perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, their evident strategic goals, and those that are not so, besides of the powers�� resources used to reach them, by DiMaggio and Powell�� vision. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market��s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate�� actions, basically after the past seventy�� decade, as result of a alternative Government�� strategy towards a Brazilian population��s dissemination plan of health�� services that enforced the institutionalization of isomorphic structures, with a strong internal interaction and a hierarchy between kinds of values, that had emphasized the health�� symbol as a citizenship��s value. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity�� Brazilian��s population and the consequent work��s dismiss may cause a private health�� elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.

A Evolu����o e Consolida����o das Pr��ticas de Governan��a Corporativa no Banco do Brasil S.A. entre 1996 e 2006

The purpose of this dissertation is to identify the main historical and institutional facts that have led to the present corporate governance policy adopted by Banco do Brasil S.A. (BB). The good practices of corporate governance aim to increase corporate value and facilitate the funding of capital and contribute to company��s duration over the time. Besides, ensure to the shareholders some governance principles such as disclosure", "compliance", "accountability", "fairness" and ��corporate responsability�� By the time BB has been shown its concern about disclosure especially for its close relationship with principal shareholder. �� the Brazilian Government, other equity partners and the Brazilian society. Banco do Brasil was founded in 1808 by the Portuguese emperor Dom Jo��o VI and today is the oldest bank operating in the local market. BB also was the first company listed on Brazilian stock exchange since 1906. In 1996, after some net losses, the Brazilian Government raised the bank��s authorized capital in R$ 8 billion. This fact established the first attempts to develop bank��s corporate governance through the years. Banco do Brasil currently has more than 24.4 million customers, served by a network of 15,113 points of service with R$ 296.4 billion in total assets2. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the principal measures adopted by Banco do Brasil to reach the top level of corporate governance in the Brazilian stock exchange �� the New Market of Bovespa. This top position was reached in June 2006. Banco do Brasil was the first state owned company to reach this level of governance in Brazil. This dissertation was based on Yin's taxonomy methodology as a single case study. This research has used documents and file records as sources of evidence, including longitudinally research to demonstrate the evolution facts through time."

Públicos de longa-metragens brasileiros lan��ados no per��odo 2001-2003: rela����es de casualidade e tend��ncias preditivas

O presente trabalho teve por objeto o estudo das poss��veis rela����es de casualidade entre o p��blico total em 87 filmes brasileiros, lan��ados em salas de exibi����o no Brasil durante o per��odo entre 2001-2003 e um conjunto de quatorze vari��veis, dispon��veis em dois momentos distintos: antes e depois do lan��amento do filme. A partir do trabalho de dois pesquisadores norte-americanos, Simonoff e Sparrow (2000), foram ampliados os esteios te��ricos que deram sustenta����o ao experimento desenvolvido pelo autor. A valida����o das vari��veis aplic��veis ao estudo brasileiro, bem como a identifica����o de novas, foram resultantes de entrevistas em profundidade a partir de um question��rio semi-estruturado, realizadas com profissionais do setor audiovisual. A pesquisa de campo baseou-se em fontes secund��rias de reconhecida fidedignidade e a an��lise resultou na identifica����o de correla����es entre algumas das vari��veis utilizadas no experimento e na formula����o de um modelo matem��tico compat��vel com a predi����o de p��blico, nas condi����es encontradas no per��odo de 2001 a 2003, que corroborou a suposi����o inicial de que �� poss��vel, com certo grau de confian��a, antecipar tend��ncias quanto ao n��mero de expectadores de filmes brasileiros no circuito exibidor do Brasil.

Fundos competitivo para o financiamento da pesquisa agr��cola no Brasil: o caso do PRODETAB-EMPRAPA

Programas de Fundos Competitivos para financiamento da pesquisa agr��cola h�� muito est��o sendo implementados nos pa��ses desenvolvidos. Entretanto, somente a partir da d��cada de 1990 a ado����o desse mecanismo se intensificou nos pa��ses em desenvolvimento, especialmente na Am��rica Latina. Isso ocorreu em raz��o da redu����o dos recursos do governo federal para a pesquisa agr��cola, o que levou as institui����es de pesquisa a buscar fontes alternativas para o financiamento de sua programa����o. A partir desse cen��rio, o presente trabalho analisa e discute a import��ncia dos Fundos Competitivos como alternativa criativa e inovadora na capta����o de recursos para o financiamento da pesquisa agr��cola no Brasil. A an��lise �� feita a partir de estudo te��rico sobre esse mecanismo de financiamento e com base em um estudo de caso do Sistema Competitivo do PRODETAB, implementado e coordenado pela Embrapa. O objetivo foi o de avaliar a import��ncia e a contribui����o dos fundos competitivos para o aumento da efici��ncia na aloca����o dos recursos públicos para a pesquisa agr��cola e para a melhoria da qualidade dos projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento

A composi����o da d��vida p��blica mobili��ria federal interna e os fundos de investimento no Brasil: an��lise dos fatores de influ��ncia

This work intends to study the relationship between Brazilian Internal Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds. In the theoretical framework, the discussion about liquidity preference theories implies considering risk averse investors. Portfolio selection is also discussed, particularly Markowitz efficient frontier. Historical data from November of 1999 to December of 2004 of Brazilian Internal Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds portfolio are analyzed. Official goals concerning Public Debt's mix and its actual composition are presented, as well as Mutual Fund preferences as buyers of public debt securities. Time series of three securities (LFT, LTN and NTN-C) in Public Debt mix and Mutual Funds portfolio are compared and a similar behavior is identified. Relevant facts of the macroeconomic context which may have affected Public Debt or Mutual Funds are discussed. Some indications of a possible influence of Mutual Funds upon Public Debt Mix are obtained and hypothesis to be tested in future studies are proposed.

Pol��ticas de recursos humanos do Banco do Brasil: o discurso e a pr��tica, caminhos de compatibiliza����o

This study has as objective to present a proposal to analyze the politics of the Human Resource of the Bank of Brazil utilizing the Theory of sign" (semiotic) as a theory tool, connecting to the organizational usages that had been historically stable and a new speech from the directory body that search for excellence and modernity. It��s necessary to identify the adequate strategies to manage human resources in a businesses considered excellent and that the Bank search to utilize (benchmarking), doing a semiotic cut, in other words, isolating the communicative aspect, to find how she produces the understanding of what really need to be done at the company. If the purpose of the Bank of Brazil is to reunite an associated team, guided to results progressively better, that makes it even more competitive, and achieve its mission "to be the solution to services and the finance intermediation, to attend the expectation of clients and shareholders, to fortify the liability between the public functionary and the company and to be useful to society", should implement a model weaved in the daily one of organization to start from the creation of adequate institutional channels rewards (promotions, direct or indirect salaries, training) that privilege the aptitude an constant learning. Through the bibliographical research, will be looked to select illustrious representative texts of the specialized literature that corroborates the idea that the Bank of Brazil possess the necessary management tools to a good management of Human Resources, lacking adjust them, through the acquisition of abilities. For in such a way one will search in internal documents, data on the management of the company, interpreting them to the light of the bibliographical research. Finally it will be included participant comment as link between the theory and the practical one, the speech and the action."

A intera����o entre sistemas de informa����o e o trabalho no setor banc��rio no Brasil: uma an��lise estruturalista

Esta tese teve como objetivo entender em que condi����es se d�� o processo de intera����o entre o trabalho e tr��s sistemas de informa����o (SIs) utilizados em duas institui����es banc��rias no Brasil. Procurei compreender como os sistemas de informa����o s��o reconstru��dos por seus usu��rios, nas pr��ticas do trabalho, e como o trabalho �� modificado pela inser����o de novos sistemas. Utilizando procedimentos metodol��gicos baseados no estruturalismo, busquei a estrutura que subjaz ��s pr��ticas adotadas pelos agentes, associadas aos sistemas e ao trabalho. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa foi realizada com base em 46 entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com gestores de TI e usu��rios, pela observa����o do contexto organizacional e pelo exame de documentos referentes aos sistemas. Na an��lise dos dados, o diagn��stico e o estudo de 11 pr��ticas me permitiram identificar quais as mais relevantes para a intera����o entre os agentes e os dispositivos, no que se refere a reconstru����es de SIs e a modifica����es sobre o trabalho. Identifiquei, na pesquisa emp��rica, uma estrutura de arranjo operacional, que assegura a intera����o entre agentes e sistemas. Esse arranjo tem a forma de uma ret��cula de sobreposi����o das pr��ticas, uma rede de rela����es. As pr��ticas, em isolado, n��o garantem a intera����o entre o sistema e o trabalho. Essa intera����o �� assegurada pela composi����o entre as pr��ticas. Da interpreta����o desta estrutura manifesta, identifiquei uma estrutura subjacente �� intera����o entre os sistemas e o trabalho. Alcancei-a buscando as explica����es para cada pr��tica. Nestas explica����es, identifiquei conjuntos de elementos de poder e resist��ncia, de conflu��ncia de interesses individuais e organizacionais e de conformismo e conformidade dos agentes com o que foi institu��do pela organiza����o. A an��lise destes conjuntos de elementos me permitiu chegar �� tese sustentada por esta pesquisa: a intera����o entre os sistemas de informa����o e o trabalho �� definida por uma estrutura de convers��o rec��proca. Esta convers��o se d�� pela humaniza����o dos sistemas e pela tecniciza����o do trabalho. O ajustamento continuado, presente entre os sistemas de informa����o e o trabalho, faz com que a tecnologia se torne mais adequada ao contexto e que as pessoas estejam mais bem preparadas para lidar com a tecnologia. A estrutura de convers��o rec��proca tem a forma de um oroborus, a serpente que engole ou vomita a pr��pria cauda e simboliza o que se regenera, se recria. Tal como o oroburus, a estrutura de convers��o rec��proca �� uma auto-reconstru����o.