La autonomía educativa de los adolescentes en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje 7mo año de educación básica de la unidad educativa bilingüe Delta del cantón Daule en el período lectivo 2014-2015

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la autonomía educativa de los adolescentes en el Proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del 7mo año de Educación Básica de la Unidad Educativa Bilingüe Delta del Cantón Daule en el período lectivo 2014 – 2015

Responsabilidade social das empresas: um estudo de caso sobre a empresa Delta Cafés

A presente dissertação tem como grande tema a Responsabilidade Social das Empresas e, mais especificamente, as representações que os empresários têm sobre a forma como definem políticas e implementam práticas socialmente responsáveis. Assenta num estudo de caso realizado na empresa Delta Cafés, SGPS, S.A., sedeada em Campo Maior, no distrito de Portalegre, e objetivou perceber qual a visão que a própria empresa tem sobre as políticas e as práticas de Responsabilidade Social que tem vindo a desenvolver, ao longo dos 51 anos decorridos desde a sua fundação Inicialmente é feita uma abordagem à relação que se estabelece entre a sociedade e as empresas, assim como à emergência de incorporação da responsabilidade social nas suas práticas gestionárias, como fator determinante para o desenvolvimento sustentável das próprias empresas, da sociedade e do planeta. É ainda analisada a evolução histórica do conceito desde a segunda metade do século XX até à atualidade, bem como o papel que as organizações internacionais, supranacionais e nacionais têm desempenhado no processo de desenvolvimento da Responsabilidade Social no mundo empresarial. São igualmente apresentadas as principais teorias, modelos e abordagens de Responsabilidade Social, assim como alguns dos instrumentos que têm vindo a ser criados, com o objetivo de fomentar e promover a sua incorporação nas empresas. Como fontes de recolha de dados fez-se uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de observação e de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados da investigação permitem verificar que o desenvolvimento da empresa tem sido pautado pela construção e consolidação de uma cultura empresarial assente em valores que, sendo transversais a toda a estrutura da organização, lhe conferem coerência entre as políticas e as práticas de responsabilidade social. Permitem, ainda, verificar que a empresa tem uma visão ampliada do negócio, não se preocupando somente com objetivos económicos e comerciais, mas também com o impacto ambiental da sua atividade e pelo assumir de um papel ativo na melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades, tornando esse processo numa filosofia de gestão e transformando a Responsabilidade Social numa ferramenta de atuação global, que envolve todas as relações e áreas da empresa e dos grupos a ela ligada.

Methods for the transfer function design of multiple narrow-band bandpass sigma-delta modulators

This paper presents the design analysis of novel tunable narrow-band bandpass sigma-delta modulators, which can achieve concurrent multiple noise-shaping for multi-tone input signals. Four different design methodologies based on the noise transfer functions of comb filters, slink filters, multi-notch filters and fractional delay comb filters are applied for the design of these multiple-band sigma-delta modulators. The latter approach utilises conventional comb filters in conjunction with FIR, or allpass IIR fractional delay filters, to deliver the desired nulls for the quantisation noise transfer function. Detailed simulation results show that FIR fractional delay comb filter-based sigma-delta modulators tune accurately to most centre frequencies, but suffer from degraded resolution at frequencies close to Nyquist. However, superior accuracies are obtained from their allpass IIR fractional delay counterpart at the expense of a slight shift in noise-shaping bands at very high frequencies. The merits and drawbacks of each technique for the various sigma-delta topologies are assessed in terms of in-band signal-to-noise ratios, accuracy of tunability and coefficient complexity for ease of implementation.

The effect of clock jitter on the performance of continuous-time delta-sigma ADC for GNSS signals

Next generation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers will operate in multiple navigation bands. An efficient way to achieve this with lower power and cost is to employ BandPass Sampling (BPS); nevertheless, the sampling operation injects large amounts of jitter noise, which degrades the performance of the receiver. Continuous–Time (CT) Delta–Sigma (ΔΣ) modulators are capable of suppressing this noise but the impact of clock jitter at the output of the Digital– to–Analog Converter (DAC) in the feedback path of the modulator should be taken into account. This paper presents an analytical approach for describing clock jitter in GNSS receivers when a CT–ΔΣ modulator is utilized for Analog–to–Digital Conversion (ADC). The validity of the presented approach is verified through time–domain simulations using a behavioural model of the fourth–order CT–ΔΣ modulator with 1–bit NRZ DAC feedback pulse.

Using an anisotropic semivariogram of acoustic backscatter intensity to determine the effects of river and tidal forces on the spatial structure of the Gold River delta

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Narrow-band variable center frequency single-loop and multistage sigma-delta modulators for bandpass signals

Oversampled narrow-band single-loop and multistage resonator-based bandpass sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) modulators that can accommodate different passband center to sampling frequency ratios are reported. These tunable bandpass configurations are designed by analytically determining and subsequently verifying through detailed empirical simulations the required compensation hardware to deliver enhanced noise-shaping. It is demonstrated that comparatively superior in-band signal-to-noise ratios and dynamic ranges are attributed to the inclusion of appropriate digital feedforward and feedback compensators within these structures.

Application of fractional delay filters to tune the centre frequency location of single-band sigma-delta modulators

This paper presents a novel technique for the design of narrow-band sigma-delta modulators with an embedded tunable centre frequency mechanism. This method demonstrates that the use of sum filters combined with a fractional delayer provide the flexibility of tuning the noise shaping band for any desired variable centre frequency input signal.

A comparative study of complex multiple-band noise-shaping sigma-delta modulators for multi-tone input signals

This paper presents a comparative study of complex single-bit and multi-bit sigma-delta modulators that are capable of providing concurrent multiple-band noise-shaping for multi-tone narrow-band input signals. The concepts applied for the three design methodologies are based on the noise transfer functions of complex comb, complex slink and complex multi-notch filters.

Increasing the variability of centre frequency locations in multiple-band sigma-delta modulators via the use of fractional delay filters

This paper presents the design analysis of novel tunable narrow-band bandpass sigma-delta modulators, that can achieve concurrent multiple noise-shaping for multi-tone input signals. This approach utilises conventional comb filters in conjunction with FIR, or allpass IIR fractional delay filters, to deliver the desired nulls for the quantisation noise transfer function. Detailed simulation results show that FIR fractional delay comb filter based sigma-delta modulators tune accurately to most centre frequencies, but suffer from degraded resolution at frequencies close to Nyquist. However, superior accuracies are obtained from their allpass IIR fractional delay counterpart at the expense of a slight shift in noise-shaping bands at very high frequencies.

Effective-fourth-order resonator based MASH bandpass sigma-delta modulators

Two novel effective-fourth-order (eighth-order) resonator based MASH (MultistAge noise SHaping) bandpass Σ-Δ modulators are introduced at the behavioural level and subsequently examined by simulations utilising the ALTA SPW environment. The considered bandpass configurations have in their loop filter a cascade of standard second-order resonator structures in order to achieve appropriate noise shaping. The quantisation noise in each stage is suppressed by feeding the error of each section into the input of the following stage. It is demonstrated in this paper that the quadruple effective-first-order cascade configuration has significantly better performance as well as conforming more closely with theory in comparison with the effective-second-order effective-second-order cascade. The superior performance of the former can be attributed to the cumulative effect of the multi-bit outputs as well as the presence of more notch filters.