低剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期及DNA���伤的影响

研究低剂量12C6+离子全身辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期进程及DNA���伤的影响。以0、10、50、75、100和250mGy12C6+离子全身辐照小鼠,照射后6h处死小鼠,用流式细胞仪检测受辐照小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞在各细胞周期的百分率,用彗星电泳技术检测受辐照小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞的拖尾率和拖尾长度。所有照射组G0/G1期胸腺细胞百分率明显低于对照组,(p<0.05),10～100mGy照射组S期胸腺细胞百分率显著高于对照组(p<0.01),所有照射组(G2/M)期胸腺细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.05);所有照射组G0/G1期脾细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.01),S期脾细胞百分率显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。彗星电泳结果显示低剂量12C6+离子辐照以剂量依赖的方式引起小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞DNA���移长度及拖尾率的增加。低剂量的碳离子辐射可促进小鼠胸腺细胞DNA���成,对小鼠脾脏细胞产生抑制作用,使其发生G1期阻滞;同时对胸腺及脾脏细胞造成具有明显剂量效应关系的DNA���伤。

用紧耦合方法研究C~(4+)和O~(6+)与He原子碰撞

用双中心原子轨道紧耦合方法计算了C4+-He以及O6+-He碰撞的单俘获总截面,入射离子的能量范围为10-100 keV／amu,所得计算结果在实验误差范围内与实验值很好符合。对满壳层入射离子,研究了单俘获截面随入射离子电荷态的变化,并讨论了原子轨道展开波函数数目对计算结果的影响。

Modification of C-doped a-SiO2 after Swift Heavy-Ion Irradiation

Amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) thin films were thermally grown on single-crystalline silicon. These a-SiO2/Si samples were first implanted (C-doped) with 100-keV carbon ion at room temperature (RT) at a dose of 5.0 x 10(17) C-ions/cm(2) and were then irradiated at RT by using 853 MeV Pb ions at closes of 5.0 x 10(11), 1.0 x 10(12), 2.0 x 10(12) and 5.0 x 10(12) Pb-ions/cm(2), respectively. The microstructures and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of these samples induced by Pb ions were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We found that high-energy Pb-ion irradiation could induce the formation of a new phase and a change in the PL property of C-doped a-SiO2/Si samples. The relationship between the observed phenomena and the ion irradiation parameters is briefly discussed.

~(12)C~(6+)重离子束照射治疗复发性软组织肉瘤临床疗效探讨

目的: 应用我国自主研发的重离子加速器产生的12C6+重离子束治疗复发性软组织肉瘤,评价其高线性能量传递 (LET)及低 LET在临床应用中的优劣. 方法: 3例经病理证实为软组织肉瘤自愿接受重离子束照射的患者,其中 2例病变位于腹部,1例在背部. 所有患者均为手术复发 2次以上,最多达 6次,并经手术行常规放疗失败. 应用 80～100mev/u重离子束对 3例患者分别给予总剂量 72～120 GyE/6212 f照射,生物效应剂量 (RBE) =3. 结果:2例患者 3mo后病变完全消失,达临床治愈;1例缩小 75%,达临床部分缓解,总有效率为100%.治疗中及治疗后照射野皮肤无破溃等放射性损伤.结论:12C6+重离子束具有治疗精度高,疗程短,对肿瘤周围正常组织损伤小等特点. 特别在射线抗拒的难治性肿瘤中可达到常规放疗难以实现的疗效,具有很好的临床应用前景.

Investigation of PL properties of C-doped SiO2/Si samples after high energy Pb ion irradiation

Amorphous SiO2 thin films with about 400-500 nm in thickness were thermally grown on single crystalline silicon. These SiO2/Si samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 100 keV carbon ions to 2.0 x 10(17),5.0 X 10(17) or 1.2 x 10(18) ions/cm(2), then irradiated at RT by 853 MeV Pb ions to 5.0 x 10(11), 1.0 X.10(12) 2.0 x 10(12) or 5.0 x 10(12) ions/cm(2), respectively. The variation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of these samples was analyzed at RT using a fluorescent spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that Pb-ion irradiations led to significant changes of the PL properties of the carbon ion implanted SiO2 films. For examples, 5.0 x 10(12) Pb-ions/cm(2) irradiation produced huge blue and green light-emitters in 2.0 x 10(17) C-ions/cm(2) implanted samples, which resulted in the appearance of two intense PL peaks at about 2.64 and 2.19 eV. For 5.0 x 10(17) carbon-ions/cm(2) implanted samples, 2.0 x 10(12) Pb-ions/cm(2) irradiation could induce the formation of a strong and wide violet band at about 2.90 eV, whereas 5.0 x 10(12) Pb-ionS/cm(2) irradiation could,create double peaks of light emissions at about 2.23 and 2.83 eV. There is no observable PL peak in the 1.2 x 10(18) carbon-ions/cm(2) implanted samples whether it was irradiated with Pb ions or not. All these results implied that special light emitters could be achieved by using proper ion implantation and irradiation conditions, and it will be very useful for the synthesis of new type Of SiO2-based light-emission materials.

~(12)C���~(209)Bi反应中Au同位素的产额与Q_(gg)的关系；Q_(gg)-Yield Dependence of Au Isotopes in Interaction of 47 MeV/u ~(12)C With ~(209)Bi

用47MeV/u12C���子轰击天然铋靶,通过炮弹和靶核之间的核子转移反应产生Au同位素。使用放射化学方法从大量Bi和复杂反应产物中分离、纯化Au,并制备Au的γ射线测量源。使用HPGe探测器测量放射性Au同位素的γ活性。根据照射结束时Au同位素的活度和其他相关数据,确定每个Au同位素的产生截面。分析发现,缺中子Au同位素的产生截面与Qgg值之间不遵从指数依赖关系,这可用重离子碰撞中的次级过程加以解释。

中能重离子引起的碎裂及转移反应研究

重离子核反应机制的研究一直是人们关注的课题。入射能量较低时，集体效应占主要地位，反应为熔合反应及深部非弹性碰撞，实验可用平均场理论进行解释。当入射能量较高时，平均场效应消失，核子-核子碰撞起主要作用，实验可用参加者-旁观者模型来描述。中能区（10-100 MeV/u）的重离子反应既具有低能下一体耗散的特点，又具有高能下核子-核子碰撞的特征，由于作用时间短，非平衡现象变得很重要。在这一能区，多种反应机制共存并相互竞争。对这一能区的重离子核反应制的研究将有助于我们更清楚地了解原子核的结构。为此，我们在兰州重离子加速器HIRFL上进行了46.7 MeV/u ~(12)C���起的重离子反应中前方向出射产物的测量，着重讨论了周边反应中的弹核碎裂和转移反应以及它们的相互竞争。实验中用46.7 MeV/u ~(12)C���流轰击四种靶核：~(58)Ni、~(64)Ni、~(115)In和~(197)Au。通过对前方向出射的类弹碎片的测量，发现它们的平行动量分布宽度满足Goldhaber关系式，提取的约化平行动量分布宽度σ_0 = 80 ± 10 MeV/c���与相对论情形下的值接近，并且σ_0对于各种反应系统均相同。反应中弹核碎裂产物的最可几能量可用Abrasion图象来解释。对于质量接近弹核的类弹碎片，将碎裂部分和转移部分分开后，提取的转移部分的约化平行动量分布宽度为44 ± 10 MeV/c���这比弹核碎裂部分的宽度要窄，说明转移反应比弹核裂受到相空间中更严格的限制。弹核碎裂和转移反应的几率都随靶核质量增加而增加，并且与被转移结团的结构有关。转移反应主要对弹核附近的类弹碎片有贡献，当类弹碎片质量与弹核质量相差较大时，主要是弹核碎裂的贡献。对反应中的同位素产额分布也进行了分析，结果表明，类弹碎片的同位素分布对靶核有依赖关系，当靶核的N/Z增加时，产物的N/Z也增加，并且低能部分的N/Z比高能部分的N/Z要大。当角度变大时，~7Li/~6Li、~9Be/~7Be、~(11)B/~(10)B等同位素产额比随之变化，低能部分变化缓慢，高能部分则变化明显。产物的同位素产额分布或同位素产额比反映了系统由非平衡向平衡演化的过程。实验中对于BaF_2晶体与半导体组成的望远镜探测器的性能进行了测量。圆柱形BaF_2晶体后配以XP2020Q型光电倍增管，输出信号送入不同的QDC���以获得BaF_2中光输出的快慢成分。ΔE-E方法可以得到较好的元素鉴别，即使对低能的p、d、t也能分开，用快慢成分关联方法可对较高能量的轻带电粒子很好地鉴别。入射离子越重，相同能量的离子在BaF_2晶体中引起的光输出越小。BaF_2对入射离子的响应在较大的能区内是线性的，在低能时存在轻微的非线性。对80 cm大面积位置灵敏电离室与一维位置灵敏塑料闪烁体组成的探测系统首次在中能重离子反应中进行了测试。电离室可以测量较重的低能离子，有较好的粒子鉴别能力，能给出能量信息及两维位置信息。闪烁体则使得该系统可用于较高能量轻带电粒子的测量，它能给出能量吸一维位置信息，与电离室配合可以进行元素鉴别。它将在以后的中能重离子实验中得到广泛的应用

Characterization of complex hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke condensate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron ionization and positive-ion chemical ionization and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOF-MS) were applied for the characterization of the chemical composition of complex hydrocarbons in the non-polar neutral fraction of cigarette smoke condensates. Automated data processing by TOF-MS software combined with structured chromatograms and manual review of library hits were used to assign the components from GC x GC-TOF-MS analysis. The distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics were also investigated. Over 100 isoprenoid hydrocarbons were detected, including carotene degradation products, phytadiene isomers and carbocyclic diterpenoids. A total of 1800 hydrocarbons were tentatively identified, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, and isoprenoid hydrocarbons. The identified hydrocarbons by GC x GC-TOF-MS were far more than those by GC-MS. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Geometries of the Halocarbene anions HCF- and CF2-: ab initio calculation and Franck-Condon analysis

A theoretical method to calculate multidimensional Franck-Condon factors including Duschinsky effects is described and used to simulate the photoelectron spectra of HCF- and CF2- radicals. Geometry optimization and harmonic vibrational frequency calculations have been performed on the (X) over tilde (1)A' state of HCF and (X) over tilde (2)A" state of HCF-, and (X) over tilde (1)A(1) state of CF2 and (X) over tilde B-2(1) state of CF2-. Franck-Condon analyses and spectral simulation were carried out on the first photoelectron band of HCF- and CF2- respectively. The theoretical spectra obtained by employing B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) values are in excellent agreement with the observed ones. In addition, the equilibrium geometry parameters, R(CF) = 0.1475 +/- 0.0005 nm, of the (X) over tilde (2)A" state of HCF-, and r(FC) = 0.1425 +/- 0.0005 nm and angle(FCF) = 100.5 +/- 0.5degrees, of the (X) over tilde B-2(i) state of CF2-, are derived by employing an iterative Franck-Condon analysis procedure in the spectral simulation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of treatment in different atmosphere on Pt3Sn/C electrocatalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation

Pt3Sn/C catalyst was prepared by a modified polyol process and treated in air, H-2/Ar, and Ar atmosphere, respectively. XRD analyses indicate that all of these catalysts have face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments show that more Sn exists in zero-valence in the Ar-treated PtSn catalyst than in the others. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) experiments, and the performance tests of direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) indicate that the catalytic activity of PtSn/C for ethanol oxidation was affected significantly by the chemical state of Sn in catalyst particles. The as-prepared PtSn/C gives the higher power density, while Ar-treated PtSn/C shows the lower cell performance. It seems that the multivalence Sn rather than the zero-valence Sn in the PtSn catalyst is the favorable form for ethanol oxidation. Energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX) of the PtSn/C-as prepared and PtSn/C (after stability test) shows the active species (platinum, tin, and oxygen) composition changed to a different extent. Further attempt to improve the catalyst stability is needed.

Preparation and characterization of PtSn/C anode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cell

Highly active PtSn/C catalyst was prepared by a polyol method. The catalyst was reduced in H-2/Ar atmosphere at 600 degreesC for 2 h in order to obtain different metallic phase. TEM images show uniform dispersion of spherical metal nanoparticles with average diameters of 1.8 and 3.9 nm for the as-prepared and treated catalysts, respectively. UV-vis spectrophotometry is employed to monitor the preparation process and the results indicate that Pt-Sn complex formed once the precursors of Pt and Sn were mixed together. The structure properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction. The results show that after reduction, the catalyst tends to form PtSn alloy. TPR experiment results show that Sn exists in multivalent state in the as-prepared sample while only zero-valence Sn was detected in the treated sample, while it could not be excluded that the multivalent tin existed in the treated sample. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique and single direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) tests indicate that the as-prepared catalyst possesses superior catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation to the treated sample. The results suggest that Pt and multivalent Sn are the active species for ethanol oxidation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.