Efeitos de doses não equidistantes de N, P, K nas concentrações destes macronutrientes na folha e na produção do milho (Zea mays L.)

Os experimentos foram conduzidos, em um podzólico de Lins e Marília - variação Lins, de textora barrento-arenosa, localizado no Município de Monte Azul Paulista, SP. O híbrido de milho duplo H-6999B foi utilizado. Cada experimento constou de 5 tratamentos e de 4 repetições. Os níveis de nitrogênio foram: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg/ha, sendo aplicados também90 kg/ha de P²O5 e 50 kg/ha de K2O. Os níveis de fósforo foram: 0,40, 80, I60 e 320 kg/ha de P²O5, sendo aplicados também 100 kg/ha de N e 50 kg/ha de K2O. Os níveis de potássio foram: 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 kg/ha de K2O, sendo aplicados também 100 kg/ha de N e 90 kg/ha de P²O5. A aplicação tanto das doses de fósforo comodas de nitrogênio fez aumentar a produção de milho, a qual foi da ordem de 3 a 7 vezes superior à média de produção do Estado de São Paulo. A dose econômica e a sua consequente produção, determinadas pelas equações de Mitscherlichr-Pimentel Gomes foram: para o fósforo, de 253 kg/ha de P²O5 correspondente a urna produção de o.877 kg/ha de milho em grão; para o nitrogênio, foi de 228 kg/ha de N correspondente a uma produção de 11.100 kg/ha de milho e para o potássio, foi de 62 kg/ha de K2O correspondente a urna produção de 9-252 kg/ha de milho. Os níveis críticos econômicos, nas folhas, determinados pelas equações de MALAVOLTA & PIMENTEL GOMES (1961) e correspondentes às doses econômicas, foram de: 0,293% de P, de 3,27% de N e de 2,07% de K. A folha escolhida, ou seja, aquela oposta à espiga mais alta, reflete bem o estado nutricional da planta e consequentemente o nível de fertilidade do solo.

Aproveitamento de algumas fontes de potássio pelo sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência de três materiais potássicos originários de Poços de Caldas, MG, e submetidos a tratamento hidrotérmico, foi conduzido um experimento de campo, utilizando o sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivar "Start". Os materiais potássicos foram analisados para determinação do teor de potássio; também foram feitas análises granulométricas dos mesmos. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Areio da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo, em Terra Roxa Estruturada de fertilidade mediana. As fontes de potássio foram comparadas com o cloreto de potássio e utilizou-se de duas doses de K2O/ha (100 kg/ha de K(2)0 e 200 kg/ /ha de K2O). Após a colheita do experimento foram feitas análises de produção de colmos e grãos, teores de potássio nas folhas, colmos e grãos, quantidade do elemento exportado pelos colmos e grãos, além de análises tecnológicas para determinação das quantidades de açúcar total recuperável e de álcool etílico. Através dos resultados obtidos e analisados concluiu-se que: - O material potássico designado por amostra 2 apresentou maior teor de K2O solúvel em ácido cítrico 2% (26,02%) e resultou em maior produção de grãos e maior quantidade de potássio extraída pelos mesmos, quando aplicado na dose 2 (200 kg/ /ha de K2O). - O material potássico designado por amostra 1 (27,5% de K2O solúvel em ácido cítrico 2%) apresentou a menor granulometria, porém, nem sempre o material de menor grau de finura é o mais solúvel. - Houve resposta à aplicação das fontes de potássio no que diz respeito aos teores deste elemento nos colmos e a quantidade do elemento extraída pelos mesmos, porém não houve diferença entre as fontes utilizadas. - O cloreto de potássio, quando aplicado na dose 2 (200 kg/ha de K2OT teve efeito negativo na produção de grãos, na porcentagem de potássio nos grãos e a quantidade de potássio extraída pelos mesmos. - Houve resposta ã aplicação das fontes de potássio no que diz respeito à quantidade de açúcar total recuperável e produção de álcool teorico, porém, o comportamento das fontes foi semelhante.

Reise nach den Inseln Teneriffa, Trinidad, St. Thomas, St. Crux und Porto-Rico; auf Befehl der französischen Regierung, vom 30. Sept. 1796 bis zum 7. Juni 1789, unter der Leitung des Capitain Baudin unternommen, von Peter Le Dru. Mit Bemerkungen begleitet, nebst einer allgemeinen Ubersicht des ganzen westindischen Archipels, vorzüglich in Rücksicht der Kolonialwaaren, von E. A. W. Zimmermann.

Bd.1 (1811)

Reise nach den Inseln Teneriffa, Trinidad, St. Thomas, St. Crux und Porto-Rico; auf Befehl der französischen Regierung, vom 30. Sept. 1796 bis zum 7. Juni 1789, unter der Leitung des Capitain Baudin unternommen, von Peter Le Dru. Mit Bemerkungen begleitet, nebst einer allgemeinen Ubersicht des ganzen westindischen Archipels, vorzüglich in Rücksicht der Kolonialwaaren, von E. A. W. Zimmermann.

Bd.2 (1811)

Candidate stability and voting correspondences

We study the incentives of candidates to enter or to exit elections in order to strategically affect the outcome of a voting correspondence. We extend the results of Dutta, Jackson and Le Breton (2000), who only considered single-valued voting procedures by admitting that the outcomes of voting may consist of sets of candidates. We show that, if candidates form their preferences over sets according to Expected Utility Theory and Bayesian updating, every unanimous and non dictatorial voting correspondence violates candidate stability. When candidates are restricted to use even chance prior distributions, only dictatorial or bidictatorial rules are unanimous and candidate stable. We also analyze the implications of using other extension criteria to define candidate stability that open the door to positive results.

A novel anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody (GBR 401) with high killing activity against B cell malignancies.

BACKGROUND: CD19 is a B cell lineage specific surface receptor whose broad expression, from pro-B cells to early plasma cells, makes it an attractive target for the immunotherapy of B cell malignancies. In this study we present the generation of a novel humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody (mAb), GBR 401, and investigate its therapeutic potential on human B cell malignancies. METHODS: GBR 401 was partially defucosylated in order to enhance its cytotoxic function. We analyzed the in vitro depleting effects of GBR 401 against B cell lines and primary malignant B cells from patients in the presence or in absence of purified NK cells isolated from healthy donors. In vivo, the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) efficacy of GBR 401 was assessed in a B cell depletion model consisting of SCID mice injected with healthy human donor PBMC, and a malignant B cell depletion model where SCID mice are xenografted with both primary human B-CLL tumors and heterologous human NK cells. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of GBR 401 was also evaluated in a xenochimeric mouse model of human Burkitt lymphoma using mice xenografted intravenously with Raji cells. Pharmacological inhibition tests were used to characterize the mechanism of the cell death induced by GBR 401. RESULTS: GBR 401 exerts a potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity against primary samples from patients representing various B-cell malignancies. GBR 401 elicits a markedly higher level of ADCC on primary malignant B cells when compared to fucosylated similar mAb and to Rituximab, the current anti-CD20 mAb standard immunotherapeutic treatment for B cell malignancies, showing killing at 500 times lower concentrations. Of interest, GBR 401 also exhibits a potent direct killing effect in different malignant B cell lines that involves homotypic aggregation mediated by actin relocalization. CONCLUSION: These results contribute to consolidate clinical interest in developing GBR 401 for treatment of hematopoietic B cell malignancies, particularly for patients refractory to anti-CD20 mAb therapies.

Expression of pSTAT5 predicts FLT3 internal tandem duplications in acute myeloid leukemia.

Mutations of the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) can be detected in a significant number of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Seventy-five cases of acute myeloid leukemia were evaluated for FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITD) by polymerase chain reaction. Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed trephine biopsies of these cases were evaluated for expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1), pSTAT3, and pSTAT5. Specific expression of pSTAT5 was proven in leukemic blasts in situ by double staining with a blast-specific marker. Expression of pSTAT5 in > or =1% of blasts was highly predictive of FLT3-ITD. Neither expression of pSTAT1 nor pSTAT3 were associated with FLT3 mutations. Altogether we conclude that pSTAT5 expression can precisely be assessed by immunohistochemistry in routinely processed bone marrow trephines, STAT5 is highly likely the preferred second messenger of FLT3-mediated signaling in AML, and expression of pSTAT5 is predictive of FLT3-ITD.

N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major outer membrane proteins from a Neisseria meningitidis group B strain isolated in Brazil

The four dominant outer membrane proteins (46, 38, 33 and 28 kDa) were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in a semi-purified preparation of vesicle membranes of a Neisseria meningitidis (N44/89, B:4:P1.15:P5.5,7) strain isolated in Brazil. The N-terminal amino acid sequence for the 46 kDa and 28 kDa proteins matched that reported by others for class 1 and 5 proteins respectively, whereas the sequence (25 amino acids) for the 38 kDa (class 3) protein was similar to class 1 meningococcal proteins. The sequence for the 33 kDa (class 4) was unique and not homologous to any known protein.

Cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS) et types de boissons alcooliques

On ne peut conclure de cette recherche qu'un type de boisson alcoolique soit plus susceptible qu'un autre d'induire un cancer des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS).

LACK-reactive CD4+ T cells require autocrine IL-2 to mediate susceptibility to Leishmania major.

Mice from most inbred strains are resistant to infection with Leishmania major whereas mice from BALB strains are highly susceptible. Resistance and susceptibility result from the development of Th1 or Th2 cells, respectively. In this report, we document an IL-2 mRNA burst, preceding the reported early IL-4 response, in draining lymph nodes of susceptible mice infected with L. major. Neutralization of IL-2 during the first days of infection redirected Th1 cell maturation and resistance to L. major, through interference with the rapid IL-4 transcription in Leishmania homolog of mammalian RACK1 (LACK)-reactive CD4(+) cells. A burst of IL-2 transcripts also occurred in infected C57BL/6 mice that do not mount an early IL-4 response. However, although the LACK protein induced IL-2 transcripts in susceptible mice, it failed to trigger this response in resistant C57BL/6 mice. Reconstitution experiments using C.B.-17 SCID mice and LACK-reactive CD4(+) T cells from IL-2(-/-) BALB/c mice showed that triggering of the early IL-4 response required autocrine IL-2. Thus, in C57BL/6 mice, the inability of LACK-reactive CD4(+) T cells to express early IL-4 mRNA transcription, important for disease progression, appears due to an incapacity of these cells to produce IL-2.

The Zymovars of Vibrio cholerae: Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis of Vibrio cholerae

Zymovars analysis also known as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis is applied here to investigate the genetic variation of Vibrio cholerae strains and characterise strains or group of strains of medical and epidemiological interest. Fourteen loci were analyzed in 171 strains of non-O1 non-O139, 32 classical and 61 El Tor from America, Africa, Europe and Asia. The mean genetic diversity was 0.339. It is shown that the same O antigen (both O1 and non-O1) may be present in several geneticaly diverse (different zymovars) strains. Conversely the same zymovar may contain more than one serogroup. It is confirmed that the South American epidemic strain differs from the 7th pandemic El Tor strain in locus LAP (leucyl leucyl aminopeptidase). Here it is shown that this rare allele is present in 1 V. mimicus and 4 non-O1 V. cholerae. Non toxigenic O1 strains from South India epidemic share zymovar 14A with the epidemic El Tor from the 7th pandemic, while another group have diverse zymovars. The sucrose negative epidemic strains isolated in French Guiana and Brazil have the same zymovar of the current American epidemic V. cholerae.