Komparatistik in Lateinamerika: Wissenschaftsgeschichte und Entwicklungstendenzen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Brasilien und Argentinien

In den Geisteswissenschaften verfolgt man Entwicklungen, die sich im gleichen Fachgebiet, aber außerhalb Europas/ Nordamerikas abzeichnen, bisher eher selten. Das trifft auch für die Komparatistik zu, die jedoch durchaus jenseits ihrer traditionellen Herkunftsländer anzutreffen ist. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll jenes Desiderat speziell für Lateinamerika ausgelotet werden. Im Mittelpunkt der Analysen stehen dabei Brasilien und Argentinien, wo die Ausprägung einer „Literatura Comparada“ bis dato am fortgeschrittensten ist. Ausformungen in anderen Ländern werden ebenfalls, wenn auch weniger detailliert, in die Betrachtungen aufgenommen. Ziel ist es, in Ausschnitten das Panorama einer komparatistischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte nachzuskizzieren. Berücksichtigt werden komparatistische Keimzellen, kultureller Transfer und Friktionen, wie sie sich auf dem Kontinent seit präkolumbischer Zeit, desgleichen in Folge der stattgehabten Kolonialisierung, später dann als Konsequenz von Exil und Migrationsprozessen, nachweisen lassen; in der sich stetig internationalisierenden lateinamerikanischen Literatur haben sich diese Vorgänge besonders nachhaltig sedimentiert. Komparatistik wird in ihren vorinstitutionellen Anfängen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts sowie vor allem als universitäre Disziplin und fachliche Konstante der letzten Jahrzehnte beleuchtet. Den Interessenten sollen Fakten bereitgestellt werden, die bisher entweder nur in Lateinamerika selbst kursierten oder hierzulande lediglich ab und an in verstreuten Beiträgen tangiert werden. Außerdem sind in einer umfangreichen Bibliographie Informationen zu einschlägiger Literatur, Universitäten, Projekten etc. aufgelistet.

Las sibilas de San Telmo

Las Sibilas de San Telmo son doce telas ubicadas en la sacristía de la Iglesia de San Telmo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) que representan a las sibilas Cumea, Helespóntica, Líbica, Cumana, Pérsica, Tiburtina, Frigia, Délfica, Rodia, Eritrea, Sambetea y Samia. Son telas anónimas del siglo XVIII, cuyo origen es desconocido y discutido: pueden ser españolas o cuzqueñas. Cada cuadro consta de tres partes: 1. la imagen de la sibila de frente ricamente vestida; 2. un medallón o tondo, ornado de flores con una escena de la vida de Cristo; 3. en la parte inferior una guarda con el texto bíblico y profético correspondiente al medallón redactado en español. El objetivo de esta comunicación es: a) ubicar esta serie en la tradición sibilina, que en las Divinae Institutiones de Lactancio cristianiza el canon varroniano del siglo I a.C., añadiendo en el s. XVI dos sibilas a las diez de Varrón para emparejar con los doce profetas del Antiguo Testamento; b) establecer los modelos literarios y pictóricos (grabados, tapices o series pictóricas) que pueden haber inspirado la realización de estas telas y su tratamiento en las series sibilinas de México, Bolivia, Brasil y Argentina

Las sibilas de San Telmo

Las Sibilas de San Telmo son doce telas ubicadas en la sacristía de la Iglesia de San Telmo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) que representan a las sibilas Cumea, Helespóntica, Líbica, Cumana, Pérsica, Tiburtina, Frigia, Délfica, Rodia, Eritrea, Sambetea y Samia. Son telas anónimas del siglo XVIII, cuyo origen es desconocido y discutido: pueden ser españolas o cuzqueñas. Cada cuadro consta de tres partes: 1. la imagen de la sibila de frente ricamente vestida; 2. un medallón o tondo, ornado de flores con una escena de la vida de Cristo; 3. en la parte inferior una guarda con el texto bíblico y profético correspondiente al medallón redactado en español. El objetivo de esta comunicación es: a) ubicar esta serie en la tradición sibilina, que en las Divinae Institutiones de Lactancio cristianiza el canon varroniano del siglo I a.C., añadiendo en el s. XVI dos sibilas a las diez de Varrón para emparejar con los doce profetas del Antiguo Testamento; b) establecer los modelos literarios y pictóricos (grabados, tapices o series pictóricas) que pueden haber inspirado la realización de estas telas y su tratamiento en las series sibilinas de México, Bolivia, Brasil y Argentina

Las sibilas de San Telmo

Las Sibilas de San Telmo son doce telas ubicadas en la sacristía de la Iglesia de San Telmo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) que representan a las sibilas Cumea, Helespóntica, Líbica, Cumana, Pérsica, Tiburtina, Frigia, Délfica, Rodia, Eritrea, Sambetea y Samia. Son telas anónimas del siglo XVIII, cuyo origen es desconocido y discutido: pueden ser españolas o cuzqueñas. Cada cuadro consta de tres partes: 1. la imagen de la sibila de frente ricamente vestida; 2. un medallón o tondo, ornado de flores con una escena de la vida de Cristo; 3. en la parte inferior una guarda con el texto bíblico y profético correspondiente al medallón redactado en español. El objetivo de esta comunicación es: a) ubicar esta serie en la tradición sibilina, que en las Divinae Institutiones de Lactancio cristianiza el canon varroniano del siglo I a.C., añadiendo en el s. XVI dos sibilas a las diez de Varrón para emparejar con los doce profetas del Antiguo Testamento; b) establecer los modelos literarios y pictóricos (grabados, tapices o series pictóricas) que pueden haber inspirado la realización de estas telas y su tratamiento en las series sibilinas de México, Bolivia, Brasil y Argentina

Latin American Agricultural Trade: The Role of the WTO in Sustainable Virtual Water Flows, European Association of Agricultural Economists

International agricultural trade has been growing significantly during the last decade. Many countries rely on imports to ensure adequate food supplies to the people. A few are becoming food baskets of the world. This process raises issues about the food security in depending countries and potentially unsustainable land and water use in exporting countries. In this paper, we analyse the impacts of amplified farm trade on natural resources, especially water. Farm exports and imports of five Latin America countries (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru and Chile) are examined carefully. A preliminary analysis indicates that virtual water imports can save valuable water resources in water-short countries, such as Mexico and Chile. Major exporting countries, including Brazil and Argentina, have become big exporters due to abundant natural resource endowments. The opportunity costs of agricultural production in those countries are identified as being low, because of the predominant green water use. It is concluded that virtual water trade can be a powerful tool to alleviate water stress in semi-arid countries. However, for exporting nations a sustainable water use can only be guaranteed if environmental production costs are fully reflected in the commodity prices. There is no basis for erecting environmental trade tariffs on exporters though. Setting up legal foundations for them in full compliance with WTOs processes would be a daunting task.

Juan José Saer, Antonio Callado e a “Literatura do contra”

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2015.

A inserção internacional dos governos não centrais brasileiros e argentinos em perspectiva comparada

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, 2015.

A inserção internacional dos governos não centrais brasileiros e argentinos em perspectiva comparada

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, 2015.

Brazil's global aspirations and their implications for the relationship with Argentina in the framework of MERCOSUR

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

National exchange rate policies and international debt crises: how Brazil did not follow Argentina into a default in 2001-2002

This paper examines how exchange rate policies and IMF Stand-By Arrangements affect debt crises using econometrics and a comparison between Argentina and Brazil. It refines an existing diagram outlining crisis development to propose crisis prevention strategies. Flexible exchange rate policies reduce a country's probability of default by over 4%, but Stand-By Arrangements increase it by an inconsequential percentage. Unlike Argentina, Brazil avoided a default via a freely-floating exchange rate system, fiscal deficit reduction, and a cooperative and coordinated relationship with the IMF. The results provide policymakers from developing countries with lessons to manage their countries' default risks more effectively.

The relationship between environmental variation and species abundance in shrimp community (Crustacea : Decapoda : Penaeoidea) in south-eastern Brazil

The impact of shrimp fisheries in tropical regions has become comparable to the world's most intensively exploited temperate shed ecosystems. The increase in the fishing fleet in south-eastern Brazil and the decrease in landings of profitable shrimp species have contributed to the incorporation of additional species into those fisheries. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of environmental factors on the abundance patterns of shrimp communities on the south-eastern coast of Brazil, over a period of two years. Monthly collections were conducted in the Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba regions using a commercial shrimp fishing boat equipped with 'double-rig' nets. Each region was divided into 7 sampling stations up to 35 m deep. The relationship between the environmental factors and the abundance patterns in the shrimp communities was assessed using a canonical correlation analysis (CCorrA). The first set of variables used during the CCorrA included environmental characteristics and the second set of variables the abundance of the studied species. A total of 374,915 individuals were collected during the present study. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri showed the highest abundance (273,127), followed by Artemesia longinaris (73,422), and Pleoticus muelleri (15,262). In the first root, depth and temperature showed the highest factor loadings (0.9 and -0.7) and canonical weights (0.6 and -0.4). These environmental factors were strongly associated with the abundance of X. kroyeri (factor loading = - 0.9 and canonical weight = - 0.9). The second root demonstrated a positive relationship between abundance of P. muelleri and depth, and an inverse association with bottom temperature. The abundance patterns of X. kroyeri and P. muelleri were strongly affected by the water mass South Atlantic Central Water (cold waters =15 degrees C), which can lead to a temperature decrease in deeper areas (> 15 m). Thus, the opposite abundance trend for depth of these species might reflect bathymetric variation in temperature, a clear example of distinct behavioural differences of species of different origins, either tropical (X. kroyeri) or subantarctic (P. muelleri). The low overall association between environmental parameters and shrimp abundance patterns indicates that each studied species might have responded idiosyncratically to environmental variation, such that a general community-level response was not apparent. However, other confounding factors such as intraspecific migration patterns might have also played a role in generating the observed patterns.

Best practices in defence of competition in Argentina and Brazil: useful aspects for Central America

Includes bibliography

Evolution Of The Deaths Registry System In Brazil: Associations With Changes In The Mortality Profile, Under-registration Of Death Counts, And Ill-defined Causes Of Death.

This paper examines the spatial pattern of ill-defined causes of death across Brazilian regions, and its relationship with the evolution of completeness of the deaths registry and changes in the mortality age profile. We make use of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department mortality database and population censuses from 1980 to 2010. We applied demographic methods to evaluate the quality of mortality data for 137 small areas and correct for under-registration of death counts when necessary. The second part of the analysis uses linear regression models to investigate the relationship between, on the one hand, changes in death counts coverage and age profile of mortality, and on the other, changes in the reporting of ill-defined causes of death. The completeness of death counts coverage increases from about 80% in 1980-1991 to over 95% in 2000-2010 at the same time the percentage of ill-defined causes of deaths reduced about 53% in the country. The analysis suggests that the government's efforts to improve data quality are proving successful, and they will allow for a better understanding of the dynamics of health and the mortality transition.

Relationship of autonomic imbalance and circadian disruption with obesity and type 2 diabetes in resistant hypertensive patients

Background: Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are not isolated findings, but a series of interacting interactive physiologic derangements. Taking into account genetic background and lifestyle behavior, AI (autonomic imbalance) could be a common root for RHTN (resistant hypertension) or RHTN plus type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity development. Moreover, circadian disruption can lead to metabolic and vasomotor impairments such as obesity, insulin resistance and resistant hypertension. In order to better understand the triggered emergence of obesity and T2D comorbidity in resistant hypertension, we investigated the pattern of autonomic activity in the circadian rhythm in RHTN with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its relationship with serum adiponectin concentration. Methods: Twenty five RHTN patients (15 non-T2D and 10 T2D, 15 males, 10 females; age range 34 to 70 years) were evaluated using the following parameters: BMI (body mass index), biochemical analysis, serum adiponectinemia, echocardiogram and ambulatory electrocardiograph heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains stratified into three periods: 24 hour, day time and night time. Results: Both groups demonstrated similar characteristics despite of the laboratory analysis concerning T2D like fasting glucose, HbA1c levels and hypertriglyceridemia. Both groups also revealed disruption of the circadian rhythm: inverted sympathetic and parasympathetic tones during day (parasympathetic > sympathetic tone) and night periods (sympathetic > parasympathetic tone). T2D group had increased BMI and serum triglyceride levels (mean 33.7 +/- 4.0 vs 26.6 +/- 3.7 kg/m(2) - p = 0.00; 254.8 +/- 226.4 vs 108.6 +/- 48.7 mg/dL - p = 0.04), lower levels of adiponectin (6729.7 +/- 3381.5 vs 10911.5 +/- 5554.0 ng/mL - p = 0.04) and greater autonomic imbalance evaluated by HRV parameters in time domain compared to non-T2D RHTN patients. Total patients had HRV correlated positively with serum adiponectin (r = 0.37 [95% CI - 0.04 - 1.00] p = 0.03), negatively with HbA1c levels (r = -0.58 [95% CI -1.00 - -0.3] p = 0.00) and also adiponectin correlated negatively with HbA1c levels (r = -0.40 [95% CI -1.00 - -0.07] p = 0.02). Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes comorbidity is associated with greater autonomic imbalance, lower adiponectin levels and greater BMI in RHTN patients. Similar circadian disruption was also found in both groups indicating the importance of lifestyle behavior in the genesis of RHTN.

Self-Esteem, Confidence, and Relationships in Brazilian Men with Erectile Dysfunction Receiving Sildenafil Citrate: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Brazil

Psychosocial manifestations of erectile dysfunction (ED) differ across cultures. Understanding the treatment response to ED medications within cultural groups can aid in resource allocation and in developing treatment strategies. Evaluate the effect of sildenafil treatment on self-esteem, confidence, and sexual relationship satisfaction in Brazilian men with ED. The Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire, a validated, 14-question instrument developed to specifically address self-esteem and relationship issues within the context of ED. Men aged 18 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of ED (<= 21 on the Sexual Health Inventory for Men) and in a stable relationship with a partner during the study were eligible. The primary end point was a change from baseline in the self-esteem subscale of the SEAR questionnaire. Thirteen Brazilian sites participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil treatment for ED. Patients were randomized to receive either 50 mg of sildenafil (adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg based on patient response) or matching placebo approximately 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity but not more than once a day. At the end of double-blind treatment, 63 and 66 patients in the placebo and sildenafil groups, respectively, from 13 Brazilian sites were assessed for efficacy. Brazilian patients receiving sildenafil had significantly greater improvements in their scores on the SEAR self-esteem subscale (42.9 [95% confidence interval 35.7-50.0]) compared with placebo (21.1 [95% confidence interval 13.7-28.6]; P < 0.0001). Effect sizes ranged from 0.91 to 1.25 for individual SEAR components. The psychosocial parameters in Brazilian men with ED assessed by the SEAR questionnaire showed significant improvements in self-esteem, confidence, and relationships after treatment with sildenafil. Glina S, Damiao R, Abdo C, Afif-Abdo J, Tseng L-J, and Stecher V. Self-esteem, confidence, and relationships in Brazilian men with erectile dysfunction receiving sildenafil citrate: A randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Brazil. J Sex Med 2009;6:268-275.