Neuroligin-1 links neuronal activity to sleep-wake regulation.

Maintaining wakefulness is associated with a progressive increase in the need for sleep. This phenomenon has been linked to changes in synaptic function. The synaptic adhesion molecule Neuroligin-1 (NLG1) controls the activity and synaptic localization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, which activity is impaired by prolonged wakefulness. We here highlight that this pathway may underlie both the adverse effects of sleep loss on cognition and the subsequent changes in cortical synchrony. We found that the expression of specific Nlg1 transcript variants is changed by sleep deprivation in three mouse strains. These observations were associated with strain-specific changes in synaptic NLG1 protein content. Importantly, we showed that Nlg1 knockout mice are not able to sustain wakefulness and spend more time in nonrapid eye movement sleep than wild-type mice. These changes occurred with modifications in waking quality as exemplified by low theta/alpha activity during wakefulness and poor preference for social novelty, as well as altered delta synchrony during sleep. Finally, we identified a transcriptional pathway that could underlie the sleep/wake-dependent changes in Nlg1 expression and that involves clock transcription factors. We thus suggest that NLG1 is an element that contributes to the coupling of neuronal activity to sleep/wake regulation.

Les violences en milieu scolaire : définir, prévenir et réagir

Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail collectif regroupant des chercheurs français, belges, suisses, espagnols et québécois autour du thème de la violence à l'école. Il permet un regard croisé sur différents facteurs qui peuvent influencer la mise en place d'interventions appropriées pour prévenir et réduire la violence en milieu scolaire. Écrit dans un langage accessible, cet ouvrage s'adresse aux personnels scolaires et aux étudiants en éducation, mais il peut aussi intéresser les chercheurs ou toute autre personne qui souhaite approfondir ses connaissances ou amorcer une réflexion sur le sujet en bénéficiant de résultats de recherches récentes.

El general Curial y la literatura

En el pilar Este del Arco de Triunfo de la Avenida de los Campos Elíseos cualquier curioso puede leer, en la columna 17, el nombre de Curial. Fue uno de los generales de Napoleón y está tras Carra Saint-Cyr y Decouz y antes de Beaumont. También París le dedicó una calle al general Curial, en el distrito 19; junto a ella se construyó el primer servicio de Pompas Fúnebres, inaugurado en 1874, hoy convertido en centro cultural; y en la ciudad de Chambéry, un antiguo cuartel, también reconquistado por la cultura, lleva asimismo su nombre: Carré Curial.

Evolving characteristics and outcome of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): A prospective analysis by the French-Belgian-Swiss APL group.

BACKGROUND: Reports of patients with secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have increased in recent years, particularly for those who received treatment with mitoxantrone, and retrospective studies have suggested that their characteristics and outcomes were similar to those of patients with de novo APL. METHODS: The authors investigated patients with de novo and secondary APL who were included in the ongoing APL-2006 trial. Patients with secondary APL who were included in that trial also were compared with a previous retrospective cohort of patients with secondary APL. RESULTS: In the APL-2006 trial, 42 of 280 patients (15%) had secondary APL. Compared with the retrospective cohort, patients with secondary APL in the APL-2006 trial had a lower incidence of prior breast carcinoma (35.7% vs 57%; P = .03) and a higher incidence of prior prostate carcinoma (26.2% vs 4.7%; P < .001). Treatment of the primary tumor in the APL-2006 trial less frequently included combined radiochemotherapy (28.6% vs 47.2%; P = .044) and no mitoxantrone (0% vs 46.7%; P = .016) but more frequently included anthracyclines (53.3% vs 38.3%; P = .015). In the APL-2006 trial, patients who had secondary APL, compared with those who had de novo APL, were older (mean, 60.2 years vs 48.7 years, respectively; P < .0001) but had a similar complete response rate (97.6% vs 90.3%, respectively), cumulative incidence of relapse (0% vs 1.8%, respectively), and overall survival (92.3% vs 90.9%, respectively) at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of secondary APL appears to be stable over time, evolving strategies for the treatment of primary cancers have reduced its occurrence among breast cancer patients but have increased its incidence among patients with prostate cancer. The current results confirm prospectively that patients with secondary APL have characteristics and outcomes similar to those of patients with de novo APL. Cancer 2015;121:2393-2399. © 2015 American Cancer Society.

Striatal pre- and postsynaptic profile of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists

Striatal adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are highly expressed in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect efferent pathway, where they heteromerize with dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). A2ARs are also localized presynaptically in cortico-striatal glutamatergic terminals contacting MSNs of the direct efferent pathway, where they heteromerize with adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs). It has been hypothesized that postsynaptic A2AR antagonists should be useful in Parkinson's disease, while presynaptic A2AR antagonists could be beneficial in dyskinetic disorders, such as Huntington's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorders and drug addiction. The aim or this work was to determine whether selective A2AR antagonists may be subdivided according to a preferential pre- versus postsynaptic mechanism of action. The potency at blocking the motor output and striatal glutamate release induced by cortical electrical stimulation and the potency at inducing locomotor activation were used as in vivo measures of pre- and postsynaptic activities, respectively. SCH-442416 and KW-6002 showed a significant preferential pre- and postsynaptic profile, respectively, while the other tested compounds (MSX-2, SCH-420814, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261) showed no clear preference. Radioligand-binding experiments were performed in cells expressing A2AR-D2R and A1R-A2AR heteromers to determine possible differences in the affinity of these compounds for different A2AR heteromers. Heteromerization played a key role in the presynaptic profile of SCH-442416, since it bound with much less affinity to A2AR when co-expressed with D2R than with A1R. KW-6002 showed the best relative affinity for A2AR co-expressed with D2R than co-expressed with A1R, which can at least partially explain the postsynaptic profile of this compound. Also, the in vitro pharmacological profile of MSX-2, SCH-420814, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261 was is in accordance with their mixed pre- and postsynaptic profile. On the basis of their preferential pre- versus postsynaptic actions, SCH-442416 and KW-6002 may be used as lead compounds to obtain more effective antidyskinetic and antiparkinsonian compounds, respectively.

Seed longevity of red rice ecotypes buried in soil

Red rice is a troublesome weed in irrigated rice production and is spread through contaminated commercial rice seed and machinery. Seed dormancy is a major trait for red rice. Studies were carried out at two locations to determine red rice seed longevity in the soil of several ecotypes from four US states. Five months after burial near Beaumont, Texas only three ecotypes had viable seed (<1%) when buried at 5 cm, but 9 ecotypes had viable seed after two years when buried at 25 cm. At the thirty-sixth month after burial, ecotypes Arkansas 2, Louisiana 2 and 4, Mississippi 4 and Texas 1 had viable seeds, but at less than 1%. Freshly harvested red rice seeds buried at 12 cm near College Station, TX, survived longer than seeds placed on the soil surface. The percentage of maximum viable seeds was 2% for blackhull type Texas 4, after 17 months. In both studies, commercial rice cultivar seeds were not viable after 5 months, regardless of their position in the soil. Under farming conditions with no fallow land preparations or deep tillage, most red rice seed germinated or was dead after 2 to 3 years, with only minor variation among ecotypes.

Portraits de femmes : publication artistique bimensuelle / [texte signé : Émile Henriot]

1911/03 (N26,La marquise de Pompadour).

Mandement... qui ordonne que le Te Deum sera chanté... en actions de grâces de l'heureux accouchement de madame la dauphine et de la naissance d'un duc de Bourgogne

[Acte. 1751-09-15]

Lettres de Clément IV.

Contreplat supérieur : « Clementi IV epistolie sedit 1265-1268 » ; — Ff. 158 à 161v : « Richardi de Sto Victore exceptionum liber I ».

« Satyres » et pièces libres.

Recueil de poésies sur différentes personnalités du temps d'Henri IV. Voici quelques-uns des titres ou des noms qu'on y relève : « Prosopopée en forme d'épitaphe » sur la mort de Gabrielle d'Estrées (fol. 2) ; « pasquin contre Charlotte Du Tillet, 1599 » (fol. 4 v°) ; « sur un Orphée que M. de Gondi fist venir d'Italie » (fol. 10) ; « les faicts et gestes de la Raverie, courtisane... par Me Guillaume, reveus et corrigés... par Angoulevent [Nicolas Joubert, cf. Dreux Du Radier, Récréations historiques, t. I (1768), p. 36], en l'an 1602 » (fol. 12) ; « responce à ce qui fut faict contre Mme la Marquise de Verneuil » (fol. 16) ; « les souspirs du révolté Biron » et « stances » en sa faveur (fol. 21 v° et 24 v°) ; « pasquin en l'année 1602 » (fol. 25 v°) ; « apocalipse de Pasquil », cf. ms. français 883, fol. 66 (fol. 30) ; « tombeaux » (fol. 34) ; « vision d'Aristarque » (fol. 42 v°) ; « ode à Monseigneur de Rosni, grand maistre de l'artillerie, 1601 » (fol. 45 v°), etc.

Avis d'une mere à son fils et à sa fille

Comprend : Avis d'une mere à sa fille