Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at the Falkland Islands

Detecting and predicting how populations respond to environmental variability are eminent challenges in conservation research and management. This is particularly true for wildlife populations at high latitudes, many of which demonstrate changes in popula

Nutrients, not caloric restriction, extend lifespan in Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni)

Caloric restriction (CR) has been widely accepted as a mechanism explaining increased lifespan (LS) in organisms subjected to dietary restriction (DR), but recent studies investigating the role of nutrients have challenged the role of CR in extending longevity. Fuelling this debate is the difficulty in experimentally disentangling CR and nutrient effects due to compensatory feeding (CF) behaviour. We quantified CF by measuring the volume of solution imbibed and determined how calories and nutrients influenced LS and fecundity in unmated females of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae). We restricted flies to one of 28 diets varying in carbohydrate:protein (C:P) ratios and concentrations. On imbalanced diets, flies overcame dietary dilutions, consuming similar caloric intakes for most dilutions. The response surface for LS revealed that increasing C:P ratio while keeping calories constant extended LS, with the maximum LS along C:P ratio of 21:1. In general, LS was reduced as caloric intake decreased. Lifetime egg production was maximized at a C:P ratio of 3:1. When given a choice of separate sucrose and yeast solutions, each at one of five concentrations (yielding 25 choice treatments), flies regulated their nutrient intake to match C:P ratio of 3:1. Our results (i) demonstrate that CF can overcome dietary dilutions; (ii) reveal difficulties with methods presenting fixed amounts of liquid diet; (iii) illustrate the need to measure intake to account for CF in DR studies and (iv) highlight nutrients rather than CR as a dominant influence on LS.

Silk powder for regenerative medicine

Two approaches are used for silk particle production: bottom up and top down. In the bottom up approach, different liquid-solid phase transfer techniques are adapted to fabricate particles from silk solution. In the top down approach, silk fibres are milled by various means to prepare ultrafine silk particles. Many important properties of particles such as size, geometry, porosity, stability and biodegradability are dependent on the specific methods of particle production. These properties influence drug loading and release, delivery modes, biocompatibility and their clearance from the body. Particle properties also determine biomechanical properties of particle reinforced composite scaffolds. Thus correlation between preparation, characterisation and application of silk particles for a specific biomedical application is critical. Progress made in this direction and challenges ahead are discussed in this chapter. © 2014 Woodhead Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

Influence of growth rate retardation on time budgets and energetics of Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea and Common Tern S. hirundo chicks

Time budgets of free-living chicks of Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea and Common Terns S. hirundo throughout development are presented with special reference to changes in time allocation when growth rate varies. Chicks of both species were inactive most of the time observed (87%). Time allocated to the different behaviours changed during development and was generally better correlated with body mass than age. Slower growing nestlings were brooded more and allocated more time to quiescence and less time to locomotion, preening, begging and attacking (the latter two significant only for the Arctic Tern). The energetic implications of variation in time budgets with age and growth rate were considered. Parental brooding resulted in an average energy saving of nearly 40% of an individual nestling's thermoregulatory costs. Whereas thermoregulatory costs remained nearly unchanged in Arctic Tern chicks, these were negatively correlated with growth rate in Common Terns. Tentatively, we estimated a 30% reduction in a nestling's total energy requirement for a 50% reduction in average growth rate for both species.

Feeding ecology of wintering terns in Guinea-Bissau

We studied the feeding ecology of Little Terns Sterna albifrons, Sandwich Terns S. sandvicensis and Royal Terns S. maxima in the Archipélago dos Bijagós (11°40′N, 15°45′W) in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) during the winter of 1992/1993. More than 95% of all prey taken by these terns were roundfish, ranging in weight from 0.3 to 40 g. Birds usually fed alone, but sometimes they were observed feeding in mixed-species flocks consisting of 15-200 individuals. Capture rate (n fish per hour foraging) in these flocks was higher than that of solitary birds. However, smaller fish were caught by birds foraging in flocks, so food intake rate (g/h) did not differ between solitary and flock-feeding birds. The relationships between foraging behaviour of the three tern species and abiotic factors, such as time, tide and water clarity, have been investigated. Capture rate of Royal Terns increased with water clarity. For Little Terns and Sandwich Terns, food intake rate was lower in the most turbid waters compared to clearer waters. There was very little foraging activity during high tide. For Little Terns and Royal Terns, food intake rate was about twice as high during receding and low tides as during an incoming tide. Food intake rate averaged 8 g/h in Little Terns, 60 g/h in Sandwich Terns and 45 g/h in Royal Terns. With a rough model, we estimate the maximum rate of daily energy expenditure of terns wintering in the tropics at 3 x BMR (defined as energy expenditure of inactive bird at thermoneutrality in a post-absorptive state during the resting phase of the daily cycle). From an energetic viewpoint, wintering Sandwich Terns in Guinea-Bissau seem to have an easy living.

Proposta de extensão do modelo de expressões intervalares para sincronização multimídia na web

O desenvolvimento de apresentações multimídia sincronizadas para Web se baseia na definição e especificação de relações entre objetos advindos de diversas mídias, que possuem requisitos específicos de desempenho, estando ainda sujeitos à atrasos randômicos durante sua transmissão. Neste sentido, foram definidos modelos para especificação de sincronismo que têm por objetivo estruturar a ordenação destas aplicações de maneira a executar as relações definidas pelo autor quando da exibição coerente no destino. Este trabalho realiza um estudo dos principais modelos utilizados no desenvolvimento de apresentações multimídia sincronizadas, principalmente relacionando-se ao ambiente Web. Desta forma, tornando possível identificar características, vantagens e desvantagens de seus usos, bem como verificar que o Modelo de Expressões Intervalares é adequado a este trabalho, embora ainda apresente algumas deficiências no controle de mídias e interações do usuário. Finalmente, visando solucionar as deficiências encontradas no Modelo de Expressões Intervalares, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de extensão para o mesmo. Ela consiste na criação de um controlador para a interação do usuário e para a manipulação de mídias, chamado mídia invisível; e na definição do operador Sinc-Point, que proporciona ao autor maior flexibilidade na definição da sincronização. Esta proposta apresenta as seguintes vantagens: possibilita ao autor criar sincronizações do tipo “overlaps”, que baseia o disparo de uma mídia durante a apresentação de outra; possibilita ao autor realizar um controle sobre o intervalo para a interação do usuário e para a apresentação de mídias; mantém a consistência da apresentação; não acarreta muitas mudanças no modelo original.

A síndrome de Burnout nos cirurgiões-dentistas de Porto Alegre, RS

Os cirurgiões-dentistas estão expostos diariamente ao contato com pacientes tensos e ansiosos, à uma extensa jornada de trabalho e atuam muitas vezes em condições de trabalho desfavoráveis. São profissionais que se encontram em risco constante de experimentar a síndrome de burnout, um processo que apresenta como componentes: esgotamento emocional; despersonalização e falta de realização pessoal. No presente estudo, investigou-se o nível de burnout em relação aos três fatores da síndrome, em uma amostra de 169 cirurgiões-dentistas de Porto Alegre, RS, usando-se um questionário auto-aplicativo, o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), que foi levado até os profissionais no seu local de trabalho. Constatou-se que os CDs da amostra apresentaram níveis baixos de esgotamento emocional e de despersonalização e muito baixos para falta de realização pessoal. Não foi detectado taxa alta global da síndrome de burnout. A variável situação profissional estava associada significativamente às sub escalas do MBI, sugerindo que as características de estrutura organizacional do trabalho são mais importantes na explicação da síndrome de burnout do que as variáveis pessoais.

Menu das portas

Trilha sonora componente do jogo “Escola Mágica (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/escola-magica.html)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Maturidade do ovário no cascudo Hypostomus strigaticeps (Siluriformes, Loriicaridae)

This work studied the ovarian development of the armored catfish Hypostomus strigaticeps. Between July 2002 and June 2005, 332 females were collected monthly from the Corumbatai River, São Paulo State [long dash] Brazil. The ovaries were processed using routine histological techniques [long dash] paraffin inclusion and 5 pm thick sections stained in hematoxylin-cosin. Six types of oocytes were observed: Chromatin-nucleolus, Perinncleolar, Cortical-alveolus, Vitellogenic, Ripe and Atresic. Four maturity stages were created based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations, as well as on analysis of the gonadossomatic index (GSI): Rest, Maturation, Ripe and Spawned.