985 resultados para Albedo at given wavelength
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"The original edition was published in 1880."
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Shipping list no.: 86-862-P.
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The evolution of the pianoforte, by T.L. Southgate.- Our English songs, by W.H. Cummings.- The early English viols and their music, by H. Watson.- Madrigals, rounds, catches, glees, and part-songs, by E.M. Lee.- The recorder, flute, fife, and piccolo, by J. Finn.- Music in England in the year 1604, by Sir F. Bridge.- Our dances of bygone days, by A.S. Rose.- Masques and early operas, by A.H.D. Prendergast.- English opera after Purcell, by F.J. Sawyer.- Our cathedral composers and their works, by G.F. Huntley.- The single and double reed instruments, by D.J. Blaikley.- The water-organ of the ancients and the organ of to-day, by F.W. Galpin.- The regal and its successors: the harmonica, by T.L. Southgate.- The violin family and its music, by W.W. Cobbett.- The brass wind instruments, by J.E. Borland.- Some notes on early printed music, by A.H. Littleton.- Music of the country-side, by Sir E. Clarke.
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Comp. by Frederich William Gookin.
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Let Q be a stable and conservative Q-matrix over a countable state space S consisting of an irreducible class C and a single absorbing state 0 that is accessible from C. Suppose that Q admits a finite mu-subinvariant measure in on C. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for there to exist a Q-process for which m is mu-invariant on C, as well as a necessary condition for the uniqueness of such a process.
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Let S be a countable set and let Q = (q(ij), i, j is an element of S) be a conservative q-matrix over S with a single instantaneous state b. Suppose that we are given a real number mu >= 0 and a strictly positive probability measure m = (m(j), j is an element of S) such that Sigma(i is an element of S) m(i)q(ij) = -mu m(j), j 0 b. We prove that there exists a Q-process P(t) = (p(ij) (t), i, j E S) for which m is a mu-invariant measure, that is Sigma(i is an element of s) m(i)p(ij)(t) = e(-mu t)m(j), j is an element of S. We illustrate our results with reference to the Kolmogorov 'K 1' chain and a birth-death process with catastrophes and instantaneous resurrection.
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The laser diode (LD) is a unique light source that can efficiently produce all radiant energy within the narrow wavelength range used most effectively by a photosynthetic microorganism. We have investigated the use of a single type of LID for the cultivation of the well-studied anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus (Rb. capsulatus). An array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) was driven with a current of 25 mA, and delivered radiation at 860 nm with 0.4 nm linewidth. The emitted light was found to be a suitable source of radiant energy for the cultivation of Rb. capsulatus. The dependence of growth rate on incident irradiance was quantified. Despite the unusual nearly monochromatic light source used in these experiments, no significant changes in the pigment composition and in the distribution of bacteriochlorophyll between LHII and LHI-RC were detected in bacterial cells transferred from incandescent light to laser light. We were also able to show that to achieve a given growth rate in a light-limited culture, the VCSEL required only 30% of the electricity needed by an incandescent bulb, which is of great significance for the potential use of laser-devices in biotechnological applications and photobioreactor construction. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.