Paikkatietoalustan hyödyntäminen mobiilipalveluissa

Matkailualan palvelujen kehitystä on pitkään hidastanut standardien ja yhtenäisten toimintatapojen puute. Tässä diplomityössä tarkastellaan standardien merkitystä teknisesti kehittyneille matkailupalveluille ja esitellään TravelGate Finland -hankkeen tuloksena syntynyttä mobiilisovellusta. Kehittyneiden matkaviestinverkkojen ja älypuhelimien ansiosta yhä useammilla ihmisillä on mahdollisuus käyttää matkustaessaan erilaisia mobiilipalveluja. Matkailualan yritysten tarjoamia palveluita ei kuitenkaan ole juurikaan saatavilla, koska niiden kehittäminen on standardien puuttumisen takia hankalaa ja kallista. TravelGate Finland -hankkeen tuloksena matkailualan käyttöön määriteltiin uusi rajapintakirjasto, jonka avulla uusien Internet- ja mobiilipalvelujen kehittäminen helpottuu. Uusien rajapintojen ja toimintatapojen avulla toteutettiin Symbian-älypuhelimissa toimiva mobiilisovellus, jonka avulla matkailijat voivat etsiä heitä lähellä olevien matkailukohteiden sijainnin ja perustiedot veloituksetta.

Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome due to spontaneous dissection of the cervical and petrous internal carotid artery.

The combination of pain, ipsilateral oculosympathetic defect (ptosis and miosis), and ipsilateral trigeminal dysfunction constitutes Raeder's syndrome. We describe a patient with an acute presentation of Raeder's syndrome due to spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection. True trigeminal dysfunction due to carotid dissection is rare, and the potential mechanisms for its involvement are reviewed in this paper. Finally, we remind clinicians to consider dissection in the differential diagnosis of Raeder's syndrome because of its potential for ischemic cerebral neurologic sequelae and suggest early cranial and neck imaging in the evaluation of such patients.

Laryngospasme: présentation inhabituelle d'une maladie coeliaque [Laryngospasm: unusual manifestation of celiac disease]

Gluten-induced enteropathy or coeliac disease is a condition characterized by malabsorption and a variety of clinical manifestations. In adults, coeliac disease may be discovered while investigating iron-deficient anemia, bone pain or unexplained weight loss. We have recently diagnosed a case of gluten-induced enteropathy in an elderly woman whose symptoms were unusual. The patient had episodes of laryngospasm secondary to severe hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. The malabsorption syndrome was responsible for low levels of vitamin D, causing the electrolytic imbalance. Laryngospasm is a rare symptom of hypocalcemia and has not, to our knowledge, been described in the context of coeliac disease.

Conservação de caqui (Diospyros kaki, L.), cv. fuyu, pela aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) na conservação pós-colheita do caqui (Diospyrus kaki L.) cv. Fuyu. Foram utilizadas frutas provenientes de um pomar comercial de Farroupilha-RS. Os caquis foram colhidos quando apresentavam coloração amarelo-alaranjada. Foram aplicadas três concentrações de 1-MCP (312, 625 e 1250 nL.L-1) durante 24 horas à temperatura ambiente (±25ºC). Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, as frutas foram armazenadas em câmara fria sob ar refrigerado a 0ºC e aproximadamente 90% de umidade relativa, por um período de até 90 dias. As avaliações da qualidade foram realizadas na instalação do experimento, aos 30; 60 e 90 dias de armazenagem refrigerada, sendo as análises efetuadas 3 dias após a retirada da frigoconservação, para simular um período de comercialização. Ao final do período, observou-se que as variáveis pH, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável não foram influenciadas pela aplicação de 1-MCP. A produção de etileno não alcançou níveis detectáveis nas condições do experimento. Nas frutas tratadas com 1-MCP houve maior desenvolvimento de cor vermelha. A firmeza de polpa apresentou valores significativamente maiores nos caquis tratados com 1-MCP em relação às frutas do tratamento-testemunha. Não houve diferença significativa entre as concentrações de 1-MCP.

Cost-effectiveness of a new combined immunosuppressive and anti-infectious regimen in kidney transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the 1-year cost-effectiveness of a new combined immunosuppressive and anti-infectious regimen in kidney transplantation to prevent both rejection and infectious complications. METHODS: Patients (pts) transplanted from January 2000 to March 2003 (Group A) and treated with a conventional protocol were compared with pts submitted to a combined regimen including universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis between April 2003 and July 2005 (Group B). Costs were computed from the hospital accounting system for hospital stays, and official tariffs for outpatient visits. Patients with incomplete costs data were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were analyzed in Group A, and 60 in Group B. Baseline characteristics including CMV serostatus were not significantly different between the two groups. Over 12 months after transplantation, acute rejections decreased from 41.5 percent in Group A to 6.7 percent in Group B (p < .001), and CMV infections from 47 percent to 15 percent (p < .001). Overall, readmissions decreased from 68 percent to 55 percent (p = .160), and average hospital days from 28 +/- 19 to 20 +/- 11 days (p < .007). The average number of outpatient visits decreased from 49 +/- 10 to 39 +/- 8 (p < .001). Average 1-year immunosuppressive and CMV prophylaxis costs (per patient) increased from CHF20,402 +/- 7,273 to 27,375 +/- 6,063 (p < .001), graft rejection costs decreased from CHF4,595 +/- 10,182 to 650 +/- 3,167 (p = .005), CMV treatment costs from CHF2,270 +/- 6,161 to 101 +/- 326 (p = .008), and outpatient visits costs from CHF8,466 +/- 1'721 to 6,749 +/- 1,159 (p < .001). Altogether, 1-year treatment costs decreased from CHF39'957 +/- 16,573 to 36,204 +/- 6,901 (p = .115). CONCLUSIONS: The new combined regimen administered in Group B was significantly more effective, and its additional costs were more than offset by savings associated with complications avoidance.

Treatment modification in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals starting combination antiretroviral therapy between 2005 and 2008.

BACKGROUND: Adverse effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) commonly result in treatment modification and poor adherence. METHODS: We investigated predictors of toxicity-related treatment modification during the first year of CART in 1318 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study who began treatment between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2008. RESULTS: The total rate of treatment modification was 41.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.6-45.8) per 100 person-years. Of these, switches or discontinuations because of drug toxicity occurred at a rate of 22.4 (95% CI, 19.5-25.6) per 100 person-years. The most frequent toxic effects were gastrointestinal tract intolerance (28.9%), hypersensitivity (18.3%), central nervous system adverse events (17.3%), and hepatic events (11.5%). In the multivariate analysis, combined zidovudine and lamivudine (hazard ratio [HR], 2.71 [95% CI, 1.95-3.83]; P < .001), nevirapine (1.95 [1.01-3.81]; P = .050), comedication for an opportunistic infection (2.24 [1.19-4.21]; P = .01), advanced age (1.21 [1.03-1.40] per 10-year increase; P = .02), female sex (1.68 [1.14-2.48]; P = .009), nonwhite ethnicity (1.71 [1.18-2.47]; P = .005), higher baseline CD4 cell count (1.19 [1.10-1.28] per 100/microL increase; P < .001), and HIV-RNA of more than 5.0 log(10) copies/mL (1.47 [1.10-1.97]; P = .009) were associated with higher rates of treatment modification. Almost 90% of individuals with treatment-limiting toxic effects were switched to a new regimen, and 85% achieved virologic suppression to less than 50 copies/mL at 12 months compared with 87% of those continuing CART (P = .56). CONCLUSIONS: Drug toxicity remains a frequent reason for treatment modification; however, it does not affect treatment success. Close monitoring and management of adverse effects and drug-drug interactions are crucial for the durability of CART.

Suorituskyvyn menestyksellinen ohjaaminen organisaatiossa

Henkilöstö on yrityksen yksi tärkeimmistä menestystekijöistä ja siksi on tärkeää, että työntekijät ovat sitoutuneita, motivoituneita ja toimivat tehokkaasti. Työn tavoitteena on kehittää organisaatioiden käyttöön suorituskyvyn menestyksellisen ohjaamisen työkalu, jolla voidaan mitata työmotivaation ja toiminnan tehokkuuden taustalla olevia tekijöitä. Kirjallisuudesta, aiemmista tutkimuksista ja haastatteluista selvisi viisi osa-aluetta, jotka vaikuttavat positiivisesti henkilöstön toiminnan tehokkuuteen, työmotivaation ja sitoutumiseen. Osa-alueet ovat tavoitteiden asettaminen, viestintä, henkilöstön vaikutusmahdollisuudet, palkitseminen ja motivointi sekä koulutukseen ja työympäristöön liittyvät tekijät. Jokaisen osa-alueen alle on kerätty kysymyksiä, jotka ovat jaettu kahteen osaan: avainkysymykset ja omavalinnaiset kysymykset. Avainkysymykset ovat sellaisia, joita suositellaan otettavaksi mukaan mittaukseen ja omavalinnaisten kysymysten valinta jää organisaation itsensä päätettäväksi. Näin saadaan organisaatioille mahdollisuus räätälöidä työkalu tarpeisiinsa ja strategiaan sopiviksi. Tutkimukseen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla. Osallistuneista organisaatioista kaksi oli julkiselta sektorilta ja kuusi yksityiseltä sektorilta. Yksityisen sektorin yritykset koostuvat pienistä, keskisuurista ja suurista yrityksistä. Haastatteluilla kerättiin tietoa työkalun toteutusta ja sisältöä varten. SUMO-kartoituksesta saatuja mittaustuloksia organisaatio voi hyödyntää monella eri tavalla. Esimerkiksi organisaatio voi nähdä osa-alueiden ja toiminnan tehokkuuden kehitystarpeita sekä kuinka henkilöstön toimintaa voidaan tehostaa. Suorituskyvyn mittausjärjestelmän käytöllä on myös positiivisia vaikutuksia mittausosa-alueisiin.

Secure many-to-one communications in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are formed by nodes with limited computational and power resources. WSNs are finding an increasing number of applications, both civilian and military, most of which require security for the sensed data being collected by the base station from remote sensor nodes. In addition, when many sensor nodes transmit to the base station, the implosion problem arises. Providing security measures and implosion-resistance in a resource-limited environment is a real challenge. This article reviews the aggregation strategies proposed in the literature to handle the bandwidth and security problems related to many-to-one transmission in WSNs. Recent contributions to secure lossless many-to-one communication developed by the authors in the context of several Spanish-funded projects are surveyed. Ongoing work on the secure lossy many-to-one communication is also sketched.

Uso do 1-metilciclopropeno no controle da maturação de maçãs cv. 'Royal Gala'

Avaliou-se o efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) no controle da maturação de maçãs 'Royal Gala'. As frutas foram colhidas em dois estádios de maturação caracterizados como: estádio de maturação 1, com frutas apresentando firmeza de polpa de 82,14 N, acidez total titulável de 0,36 % de ácido málico, teor de sólidos solúveis totais de 14,10 ºBrix e produção de etileno de 2,00 nL.g-1.h-1, e estádio de maturação 2, com maçãs apresentando firmeza de polpa de 79,96 N, acidez total titulável de 0,33 % de ácido málico, teor de sólidos solúveis totais de 13,74 ºBrix e produção de etileno de 17,11 nL.g-1.h-1. Foram testadas quatro concentrações de 1-MCP: 0; 312; 625 e 1250 nL.L-1. A aplicação foi efetuada durante 48 horas, à temperatura de 20 ± 2 ºC, em câmaras com capacidade para 300 L. Após a aplicação, as frutas foram armazenadas a 20 ± 2 ºC, por 60 dias. A cada 10 dias, avaliaram-se a firmeza de polpa, a acidez total titulável, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais e a produção de etileno. O 1-MCP reduziu a produção de etileno nas maçãs e retardou a ocorrência do pico climatérico, independentemente do estádio de maturação e da concentração do produto. Em conseqüência, preservou maiores valores de firmeza de polpa e acidez total titulável.

La élite municipal leridana bajo los Austrias

¿Cómo y respondiendo a qué intereses fue ejercido el poder municipal por las élites locales catalanas en el periodo de la formación del Estado moderno hispánico? tales son las cuestiones fundamentales que se intentan responder acudiendo al ejemplo concreto de la ciudad de Lleida, población altamente representativa del entorno urbano catalán dominante en los siglos XVI y XVII. Una breve introducción al marco urbano o institucional catalán abre paso al núcleo del estudio centrado en la caracterización social de la élite gobernante. La evolución del grupo social que dirigía la ciudad, sus características socio-económicas, la movilidad de sus integrantes o sus comportamientos familiares, conforman un retrato que culmina con el análisis de sus actitudes en el gobierno municipal y su actuación política en los siglos de los Austrias.

Short communication. Mutual pheromone antagonism in two sympatric corn borers, Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis, under field conditions

In previous studies, we demonstrated cross-antagonism in pheromone perception between pheromone componentsof the two corn (Zea mays L.) borers Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the laboratory and in the field. The two pheromone components identified as responsible for this cross-antagonism were Z 11-16:Ald, a minor component of S. nonagrioides pheromone, and Z 11-14:Ac, the main component of the pheromone of the Z-strain of O. nubilalis, which inhibited the response of O. nubilalis and S. nonagrioides, respectively. Here, we study this antagonism phenomenon in the field by air permeation of maize plots with each of the two components separately and measurement of mating in caged couples of the two corn borers on treated and untreated plots during three years. A significant reduction in mating rates was observed on the permeated plots: 7% for S. nonagrioides and 12% for O. nubilalis. When dispenser charges (200 ng) were increased by 50% and 75% in the third year, no decrease in mating rates was recorded at either of the increased concentrations. On the other hand, the use of large cages resulted in an increase of 8% to 12% in the percentage of unmated females in each of the two corn borers suggesting that at more realistic field corn borer densities, 0,1 couples/plant instead of the 2 couples/plant used in this experiment, cross-antagonism in the two corn borers could be higher than that recorded in small cages.